Question 1

Naming objects that are the focus of a child's attention can help the child learn new words.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

__________ are words or endings of words (such as -ed or -ing) that make a sentence grammatical.

Accepted Answer

A)  Overextensions 
B)  Underextensions 
C)  Grammatical morphemes 
D)  Overregularizations 
A)  Overextensions 
B)  Underextensions 
C)  Grammatical morphemes 
D)  Overregularizations

Question 3

That used a "shrinking machine" demonstrated that young children's trouble with scale models is due to their

Accepted Answer

A)  poor imagination skills. 
B)  trouble dealing with models as symbolic representation. 
C)  inability to remember the location of the hidden toy. 
D)  difficulty in comprehending adult-directed speech. 
A)  poor imagination skills. 
B)  trouble dealing with models as symbolic representation. 
C)  inability to remember the location of the hidden toy. 
D)  difficulty in comprehending adult-directed speech.

Question 4

Infants pay more attention to

Accepted Answer

A)  a referential style of language. 
B)  an expressive style of language. 
C)  adult-directed speech. 
D)  infant-directed speech. 
A)  a referential style of language. 
B)  an expressive style of language. 
C)  adult-directed speech. 
D)  infant-directed speech.

Question 5

When does spontaneous turn-taking between parents and children usually begin?

Accepted Answer

A)  before or soon after infants say their first word 
B)  when children are about 2 years of age 
C)  when children are about 3 years of age 
D)  when children begin school 
A)  before or soon after infants say their first word 
B)  when children are about 2 years of age 
C)  when children are about 3 years of age 
D)  when children begin school

Question 6

Eighteen-month-old Zach's vocabulary consists mainly of words that are the names of objects, persons, or actions. Zach has a(n) __________ style of learning language.

Accepted Answer

A)  expressive 
B)  referential 
C)  social 
D)  fast mapping 
A)  expressive 
B)  referential 
C)  social 
D)  fast mapping

Question 7

As children develop the ability to use symbols, they begin to talk and

Accepted Answer

A)  no longer make underextension errors. 
B)  no longer make overregularization errors. 
C)  begin to be able to differentiate phonemes. 
D)  begin to use gestures. 
A)  no longer make underextension errors. 
B)  no longer make overregularization errors. 
C)  begin to be able to differentiate phonemes. 
D)  begin to use gestures.

Question 8

Preschool children do not adjust their messages when their listeners lack critical information.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Jenny just had her first baby and is wondering when he will begin producing different kinds of sounds. Which of the following should she expect him to produce first?

Accepted Answer

A)  babbling 
B)  intonation 
C)  first word 
D)  cooing 
A)  babbling 
B)  intonation 
C)  first word 
D)  cooing

Question 10

Both overextensions and underextensions

Accepted Answer

A)  occur more often when children are producing words than when they are comprehending words. 
B)  occur more often as children move away from attentional cues and toward language and social cues for word learning. 
C)  disappear gradually as children refine meanings for words with more exposure to language. 
D)  become more common as children get older. 
A)  occur more often when children are producing words than when they are comprehending words. 
B)  occur more often as children move away from attentional cues and toward language and social cues for word learning. 
C)  disappear gradually as children refine meanings for words with more exposure to language. 
D)  become more common as children get older.

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT one of the reasons for why baby videos seem to have no benefit for infants' word learning?

Accepted Answer

A)  Videos for infants are poorly designed. 
B)  Videos for infants are insufficient to support language processing and are developmentally inappropriate. 
C)  Infants 12 to 18 months of age have limited understanding of relationships between real objects and their depictions in photographs and videos. 
D)  Infants 12 to 18 months of age spend very little time watching videos. 
A)  Videos for infants are poorly designed. 
B)  Videos for infants are insufficient to support language processing and are developmentally inappropriate. 
C)  Infants 12 to 18 months of age have limited understanding of relationships between real objects and their depictions in photographs and videos. 
D)  Infants 12 to 18 months of age spend very little time watching videos.

Question 12

__________ refers to using only words directly relevant to meaning.

Accepted Answer

A)  Semantic bootstrapping 
B)  A grammatical morpheme 
C)  Overregularization 
D)  Telegraphic speech 
A)  Semantic bootstrapping 
B)  A grammatical morpheme 
C)  Overregularization 
D)  Telegraphic speech

Question 13

Months, but the timing of this event varies widely for individual children. Which of the following is NOT correct regarding individual differences in word learning?

Accepted Answer

A)  Twin studies find that vocabulary size is more similar in identical twins than in fraternal twins indicating a role for genetics. 
B)  Children have larger vocabularies when they are exposed to high-quality language. 
C)  Children who have difficulty remembering speech sounds accurately find word learning particularly challenging. 
D)  Children learn fewer words when their parents' speech is rich in different words and is grammatically sophisticated. 
A)  Twin studies find that vocabulary size is more similar in identical twins than in fraternal twins indicating a role for genetics. 
B)  Children have larger vocabularies when they are exposed to high-quality language. 
C)  Children who have difficulty remembering speech sounds accurately find word learning particularly challenging. 
D)  Children learn fewer words when their parents' speech is rich in different words and is grammatically sophisticated.

Question 14

Children learn general rules about grammatical morphemes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Deaf infants often babble in sign.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Toddlers who are more advanced in their use of gestures tend to have a less complex spoken language.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

A specific area of the brain, usually the left hemisphere, plays a critical role in processing language.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Behaviorist learning theorists propose that

Accepted Answer

A)  language is learned through imitation and reinforcement. 
B)  children have an inborn mechanism to help them learn grammar. 
C)  there is a critical period for learning language. 
D)  grammatical rules are too complex for children to infer solely on the basis of speech they hear. 
A)  language is learned through imitation and reinforcement. 
B)  children have an inborn mechanism to help them learn grammar. 
C)  there is a critical period for learning language. 
D)  grammatical rules are too complex for children to infer solely on the basis of speech they hear.

Question 19

Bilingual children

Accepted Answer

A)  have lower IQ scores than monolingual children. 
B)  do not understand the fine points of grammar as well as monolingual children. 
C)  are at a linguistic disadvantage when they begin elementary school. 
D)  are more likely than monolingual children to understand that words are simply arbitrary symbols. 
A)  have lower IQ scores than monolingual children. 
B)  do not understand the fine points of grammar as well as monolingual children. 
C)  are at a linguistic disadvantage when they begin elementary school. 
D)  are more likely than monolingual children to understand that words are simply arbitrary symbols.

Question 20

Eighteen-month-old Lenny's vocabulary contains some words that are names for objects, but also has many social phrases such as "I want it" and "Go away." Lenny has a(n) __________ style of learning language.

Accepted Answer

A)  intellectual 
B)  fast mapping 
C)  referential 
D)  expressive 
A)  intellectual 
B)  fast mapping 
C)  referential 
D)  expressive

Naming objects that are the focus of a child's attention can help the child learn new words.

__________ are words or endings of words (such as -ed or -ing) that make a sentence grammatical.

That used a "shrinking machine" demonstrated that young children's trouble with scale models is due to their

Infants pay more attention to

When does spontaneous turn-taking between parents and children usually begin?

Eighteen-month-old Zach's vocabulary consists mainly of words that are the names of objects, persons, or actions. Zach has a(n) __________ style of learning language.

As children develop the ability to use symbols, they begin to talk and

Preschool children do not adjust their messages when their listeners lack critical information.

Jenny just had her first baby and is wondering when he will begin producing different kinds of sounds. Which of the following should she expect him to produce first?

Both overextensions and underextensions

Which of the following is NOT one of the reasons for why baby videos seem to have no benefit for infants' word learning?

__________ refers to using only words directly relevant to meaning.

Months, but the timing of this event varies widely for individual children. Which of the following is NOT correct regarding individual differences in word learning?

Children learn general rules about grammatical morphemes.

Deaf infants often babble in sign.

Toddlers who are more advanced in their use of gestures tend to have a less complex spoken language.

A specific area of the brain, usually the left hemisphere, plays a critical role in processing language.

Behaviorist learning theorists propose that

Bilingual children

Eighteen-month-old Lenny's vocabulary contains some words that are names for objects, but also has many social phrases such as "I want it" and "Go away." Lenny has a(n) __________ style of learning language.

The Science of Child Development

Genetic Bases of Child Development

Prenatal Development, Birth, and the Newborn

Growth and Health

Perceptual and Motor Development

Theories of Cognitive Development

Cognitive Processes and Academic Skills

Intelligence and Individual Differences in Cognition

Emotional Development

Understanding Self and Others

Moral Understanding and Behavior

Gender and Development

Family Relationships

Influences Beyond the Family

Filters

Exam 9: Language and Communication

Naming objects that are the focus of a child's attention can help the child learn new words.

__________ are words or endings of words (such as -ed or -ing) that make a sentence grammatical.

That used a "shrinking machine" demonstrated that young children's trouble with scale models is due to their

Infants pay more attention to

When does spontaneous turn-taking between parents and children usually begin?

Eighteen-month-old Zach's vocabulary consists mainly of words that are the names of objects, persons, or actions. Zach has a(n) __________ style of learning language.

As children develop the ability to use symbols, they begin to talk and

Preschool children do not adjust their messages when their listeners lack critical information.

Jenny just had her first baby and is wondering when he will begin producing different kinds of sounds. Which of the following should she expect him to produce first?

Both overextensions and underextensions

Which of the following is NOT one of the reasons for why baby videos seem to have no benefit for infants' word learning?

__________ refers to using only words directly relevant to meaning.

Months, but the timing of this event varies widely for individual children. Which of the following is NOT correct regarding individual differences in word learning?

Children learn general rules about grammatical morphemes.

Deaf infants often babble in sign.

Toddlers who are more advanced in their use of gestures tend to have a less complex spoken language.

A specific area of the brain, usually the left hemisphere, plays a critical role in processing language.

Behaviorist learning theorists propose that

Bilingual children

Eighteen-month-old Lenny's vocabulary contains some words that are names for objects, but also has many social phrases such as "I want it" and "Go away." Lenny has a(n) __________ style of learning language.

The Science of Child Development

Genetic Bases of Child Development

Prenatal Development, Birth, and the Newborn

Growth and Health

Perceptual and Motor Development

Theories of Cognitive Development

Cognitive Processes and Academic Skills

Intelligence and Individual Differences in Cognition

Emotional Development

Understanding Self and Others

Moral Understanding and Behavior

Gender and Development

Family Relationships

Influences Beyond the Family

Filters