Exam 9: Language and Communication

At about 12 months of age, many children experience a naming explosion.

Adding -s and -ing are simple grammatical morphemes that are mastered at an early age.

Describe infant speech perception during the first year of life.

When an unfamiliar word is heard, children will assume that the word refers to an object that is present that does not have a name.

Research in which chimpanzees are trained to use language reveals all of the following EXCEPT that

During the stage of two-word speech, children use wh- words when asking questions.

Meredith has just begun to be able to use symbols to represent actions and objects. You would expect her to use

Effective communication is important throughout life. Give and explain three guidelines for effective oral communication.

If a child knows the word dinosaur and sees that one dinosaur is consistently called Dino, the child will conclude that Dino is the name of the dinosaur.

According to linguists, which of the following statements reflects how children acquire grammar?

Six-month-old Seiko is growing up in a home where Japanese is the only language spoken. Is she likely to be able to discriminate speech sounds that are used in English but are not used in Japanese?

Noel believes that children master grammar in the context of interactions with adults in which both parties want improved communication. Noel's beliefs fit best with the

The results of Gershkoff-Stowe and Smith's (2004) study demonstrated all of the following EXCEPT

Children are most likely to learn new words when they participate in activities that force them to understand the meanings of new words and use those new words.

Learning theorists' claim that language is learned strictly through imitation and reinforcement has been challenged by other theorists who propose that an inborn mechanism helps children learn grammar. Give an example of a language phenomenon that learning theory has difficulty explaining and describe evidence that supports the notion of an inborn grammar-learning device.

Your sister and brother-in-law have a newborn baby and they are wondering when she will begin talking. They hope that it will occur soon, so they have begun saying mama and dada to their daughter. What can you tell them about the course of language development during the first year of life?

You are on a committee formed to make a recommendation to a school system about how to best help non-English-speaking children master both academic content and English. Based on research in this area, what language would you recommend be used for instruction?

Young infants cannot discriminate sounds that they have never heard before.

When using __________, adults speak slowly and with exaggerated changes in pitch and loudness.

Infants' early attempts to communicate include pointing, touching, or making noises.