Exam 6: Theories of Cognitive Development

During Piaget's __________ stage, children begin using mental operations to solve problems.

When preoperational children are asked to identify different perspectives of model mountains on a table, which of the following characteristics of preoperational thought do they demonstrate?

Essentialism is children's belief that all living things have an essence that can't be seen but gives a living thing its identity.

Which is most like a computer's RAM (Random Access Memory)?

__________ is like tunnel vision.

When formal operational thinkers are faced with a problem, such as figuring out what combination of clear liquids will produce a blue liquid, they will

You have been watching your friend Deb trying to teach her son Sean how to do a puzzle. Sean has done this puzzle many times and he usually just needs help with the pieces that are in a difficult area that is all black. Deb is trying to help Sean but her instructions would be appropriate for a child who has never done the puzzle before. What can you tell Deb about Vygotsky's theory, in general, and scaffolding, in particular, that might help her teach Sean in more effective ways?

A 4-year-old is not capable of realizing that a baby pig that is adopted by a cow would grow up to look and behave like a pig.

As children get older, their speed of processing

The computer is used as a metaphor for the mind in which theory?

Who is likely to be able to answer a hypothetical question such as, "What would happen if no one had to work anymore?"

According to Piaget, a 7- to 11-year-old child is in the __________ period.

In a conservation of liquid experiment, Victoria is shown two identical beakers filled with the same amount of juice. The juice from one of the beakers is poured into a taller, thinner beaker. Victoria now thinks there is more juice in the tall, thin beaker than in the original beaker. Victoria appears to be in Piaget's __________ stage of cognitive development.

Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) find hidden objects faster than typically developing children do, but this emphasis on perceptual details usually comes at the expense of maintaining a coherent overall picture.

Name and describe the four stages of Piaget's theory.

According to Piaget, cognitive growth can be particularly rapid if children are encouraged to look at the inconsistencies and errors in their own thinking.

A fundamental part of young children's theory of living things is the belief that living things and parts of living things exist for a purpose.

Piaget's __________ stage is characterized by the child's use of symbols to represent objects and events.

__________ are strategies and rules that make thinking more systematic and more powerful.

Your friend Felipe has a new job as a second grade teacher. He would like to incorporate some of Piaget's theory into his teaching. What teaching practices would you encourage him to use that will foster cognitive growth?