Question 1

Gender differences for math skills have gotten considerably smaller in the past 25 years.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Support for biological influences on gender differences come from the fact that

Accepted Answer

A)  females who experience prenatal exposure to male hormones prefer feminine activities. 
B)  females who experience prenatal exposure to male hormones prefer masculine activities. 
C)  females who experience prenatal exposure to male hormones prefer female playmates. 
D)  females who experience prenatal exposure to male hormones are not different. 
A)  females who experience prenatal exposure to male hormones prefer feminine activities. 
B)  females who experience prenatal exposure to male hormones prefer masculine activities. 
C)  females who experience prenatal exposure to male hormones prefer female playmates. 
D)  females who experience prenatal exposure to male hormones are not different.

Question 3

Your friend insists that gender differences in behavior are due totally to socialization - that if you treat males and females exactly the same, there will be no differences between them. You disagree, arguing that biology has some influence on gender differences. What research evidence would you cite to support your claim?

Accepted Answer

A good answer will include the following

Question 4

Relational aggression

Accepted Answer

A)  is more common in girls than in boys. 
B)  is more common in boys than in girls. 
C)  is equally common in boys and girls. 
D)  is more common in boys at a younger age but in girls at an older age. 
A)  is more common in girls than in boys. 
B)  is more common in boys than in girls. 
C)  is equally common in boys and girls. 
D)  is more common in boys at a younger age but in girls at an older age.

Question 5

Research suggests that boys __________ than girls.

Accepted Answer

A)  are healthier 
B)  have better verbal ability 
C)  have better spatial ability 
D)  are more easily influenced by others 
A)  are healthier 
B)  have better verbal ability 
C)  have better spatial ability 
D)  are more easily influenced by others

Question 6

Twin studies have demonstrated that heredity has little to do with gender-role learning.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

According to social cognitive theorists, children learn gender roles

Accepted Answer

A)  through observation. 
B)  by understanding gender constancy. 
C)  by paying more attention to gender-appropriate experiences and events. 
D)  through prenatal exposure to sex hormones. 
A)  through observation. 
B)  by understanding gender constancy. 
C)  by paying more attention to gender-appropriate experiences and events. 
D)  through prenatal exposure to sex hormones.

Question 8

Research suggests that, as a typical 5-year-old, Megan most likely

Accepted Answer

A)  has not yet begun to form gender stereotypes. 
B)  has formed some gender stereotypes, but they are not exactly the same as those of adults. 
C)  believes more traits are stereotypically masculine or feminine than do adults. 
D)  has adult-like knowledge of gender stereotypes. 
A)  has not yet begun to form gender stereotypes. 
B)  has formed some gender stereotypes, but they are not exactly the same as those of adults. 
C)  believes more traits are stereotypically masculine or feminine than do adults. 
D)  has adult-like knowledge of gender stereotypes.

Question 9

Two girls, 8-year-old Molly and 4-year-old Anna were told this story: "Jessie is a 5-year-old girl whose best friend is a boy. Jessie likes to play with trucks." They were then asked how much Jessie would like to play with masculine and feminine toys. How would you expect Molly and Anna to reply?

Accepted Answer

A)  Molly and Anna are both likely to say that Jessie would like to play with masculine toys. 
B)  Molly and Anna are both likely to say that Jessie would like to play with feminine toys. 
C)  Molly is likely to say that Jessie would like to play with masculine toys, but Anna is likely to say that Jessie would like to play with feminine toys. 
D)  Molly is likely to say that Jessie would like to play with feminine toys, but Anna is likely to say that Jessie would like to play with masculine toys. 
A)  Molly and Anna are both likely to say that Jessie would like to play with masculine toys. 
B)  Molly and Anna are both likely to say that Jessie would like to play with feminine toys. 
C)  Molly is likely to say that Jessie would like to play with masculine toys, but Anna is likely to say that Jessie would like to play with feminine toys. 
D)  Molly is likely to say that Jessie would like to play with feminine toys, but Anna is likely to say that Jessie would like to play with masculine toys.

Question 10

A __________ is a set of cultural guidelines for how a person should behave.

Accepted Answer

A)  gender stereotype 
B)  gender schema 
C)  gender label 
D)  social role 
A)  gender stereotype 
B)  gender schema 
C)  gender label 
D)  social role

Question 11

The benefits of androgyny are greater for boys than for girls.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Which of the following statements about gender differences is most accurate?

Accepted Answer

A)  Girls and boys are different in more ways than they are similar. 
B)  Girls and boys are similar in more ways than they are different. 
C)  Most gender differences are relatively large. 
D)  Small differences in group averages mean there is little overlap between girls and boys. 
A)  Girls and boys are different in more ways than they are similar. 
B)  Girls and boys are similar in more ways than they are different. 
C)  Most gender differences are relatively large. 
D)  Small differences in group averages mean there is little overlap between girls and boys.

Question 13

Which of the following best reflects gender differences in verbal ability?

Accepted Answer

A)  Only 10 percent of the published studies on gender differences found that females had greater verbal ability. 
B)  Girls tend to be better readers than boys, but boys are better with fine motor skills. 
C)  Boys have more language-related problems than girls. 
D)  The quality of speech production is lower in girls than in boys. 
A)  Only 10 percent of the published studies on gender differences found that females had greater verbal ability. 
B)  Girls tend to be better readers than boys, but boys are better with fine motor skills. 
C)  Boys have more language-related problems than girls. 
D)  The quality of speech production is lower in girls than in boys.

Question 14

Gender stereotypes

Accepted Answer

A)  are limiting because people use them to make assumptions about individuals based on their gender that may not be true. 
B)  help people make more accurate inferences about people they don't know very well. 
C)  are based on underlying biological sex differences. 
D)  are similar in all parts of the world. 
A)  are limiting because people use them to make assumptions about individuals based on their gender that may not be true. 
B)  help people make more accurate inferences about people they don't know very well. 
C)  are based on underlying biological sex differences. 
D)  are similar in all parts of the world.

Question 15

Taylor, Rhodes, and Gelman (2009) investigated reasoning about gender-related properties. Which of the following does NOT accurately describe the researchers' conclusions?

Accepted Answer

A)  Children and college students claimed greater flexibility in behavioral properties for boys than for girls. 
B)  Children and college students thought that girls were more likely to be influenced in a masculine direction than boys were to be influenced in a feminine direction. 
C)  Children treat the concepts of boy and girl as equivalent to species, in the extent to which features are inborn, inflexible, and intrinsically linked to category membership. 
D)  College students viewed both male and female behavior as more open to the environment and more flexible. 
A)  Children and college students claimed greater flexibility in behavioral properties for boys than for girls. 
B)  Children and college students thought that girls were more likely to be influenced in a masculine direction than boys were to be influenced in a feminine direction. 
C)  Children treat the concepts of boy and girl as equivalent to species, in the extent to which features are inborn, inflexible, and intrinsically linked to category membership. 
D)  College students viewed both male and female behavior as more open to the environment and more flexible.

Question 16

Boys tend to be healthier than girls.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Who has a trait that is considered characteristically male in the United States?

Accepted Answer

A)  Avery, who is excitable 
B)  Pat, who is aggressive 
C)  Chris, who is considerate 
D)  Austen, who is emotional 
A)  Avery, who is excitable 
B)  Pat, who is aggressive 
C)  Chris, who is considerate 
D)  Austen, who is emotional

Question 18

Gender stereotypes are more extreme in America than in many other countries.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

The choice of same-sex playmates may occur, in part, because boys' competitive and rough play is aversive to girls.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Your roommate remarks, "Girls seem to be so much better than boys at expressing emotions and understanding how other people feel." You reply, "Yes, research shows that girls are more emotionally sensitive than boys,

Accepted Answer

A)  due in part to parents being more 'feeling-oriented' with daughters than with sons." 
B)  even though parents are more likely to talk about emotions with sons than with daughters." 
C)  and parents usually end up spending more time emphasizing the importance of considering others' feelings with sons than with daughters." 
D)  primarily because of hormonal differences between males and females." 
A)  due in part to parents being more 'feeling-oriented' with daughters than with sons." 
B)  even though parents are more likely to talk about emotions with sons than with daughters." 
C)  and parents usually end up spending more time emphasizing the importance of considering others' feelings with sons than with daughters." 
D)  primarily because of hormonal differences between males and females."

Gender differences for math skills have gotten considerably smaller in the past 25 years.

Support for biological influences on gender differences come from the fact that

Relational aggression

Research suggests that boys __________ than girls.

Twin studies have demonstrated that heredity has little to do with gender-role learning.

According to social cognitive theorists, children learn gender roles

Research suggests that, as a typical 5-year-old, Megan most likely

Two girls, 8-year-old Molly and 4-year-old Anna were told this story: "Jessie is a 5-year-old girl whose best friend is a boy. Jessie likes to play with trucks." They were then asked how much Jessie would like to play with masculine and feminine toys. How would you expect Molly and Anna to reply?

A __________ is a set of cultural guidelines for how a person should behave.

The benefits of androgyny are greater for boys than for girls.

Which of the following statements about gender differences is most accurate?

Which of the following best reflects gender differences in verbal ability?

Gender stereotypes

Taylor, Rhodes, and Gelman (2009) investigated reasoning about gender-related properties. Which of the following does NOT accurately describe the researchers' conclusions?

Boys tend to be healthier than girls.

Who has a trait that is considered characteristically male in the United States?

Gender stereotypes are more extreme in America than in many other countries.

The choice of same-sex playmates may occur, in part, because boys' competitive and rough play is aversive to girls.

Your roommate remarks, "Girls seem to be so much better than boys at expressing emotions and understanding how other people feel." You reply, "Yes, research shows that girls are more emotionally sensitive than boys,

The Science of Child Development

Genetic Bases of Child Development

Prenatal Development, Birth, and the Newborn

Growth and Health

Perceptual and Motor Development

Theories of Cognitive Development

Cognitive Processes and Academic Skills

Intelligence and Individual Differences in Cognition

Language and Communication

Emotional Development

Understanding Self and Others

Moral Understanding and Behavior

Family Relationships

Influences Beyond the Family

Filters

Exam 13: Gender and Development

Gender differences for math skills have gotten considerably smaller in the past 25 years.

Support for biological influences on gender differences come from the fact that

Relational aggression

Research suggests that boys __________ than girls.

Twin studies have demonstrated that heredity has little to do with gender-role learning.

According to social cognitive theorists, children learn gender roles

Research suggests that, as a typical 5-year-old, Megan most likely

Two girls, 8-year-old Molly and 4-year-old Anna were told this story: "Jessie is a 5-year-old girl whose best friend is a boy. Jessie likes to play with trucks." They were then asked how much Jessie would like to play with masculine and feminine toys. How would you expect Molly and Anna to reply?

A __________ is a set of cultural guidelines for how a person should behave.

The benefits of androgyny are greater for boys than for girls.

Which of the following statements about gender differences is most accurate?

Which of the following best reflects gender differences in verbal ability?

Gender stereotypes

Taylor, Rhodes, and Gelman (2009) investigated reasoning about gender-related properties. Which of the following does NOT accurately describe the researchers' conclusions?

Boys tend to be healthier than girls.

Who has a trait that is considered characteristically male in the United States?

Gender stereotypes are more extreme in America than in many other countries.

The choice of same-sex playmates may occur, in part, because boys' competitive and rough play is aversive to girls.

Your roommate remarks, "Girls seem to be so much better than boys at expressing emotions and understanding how other people feel." You reply, "Yes, research shows that girls are more emotionally sensitive than boys,

The Science of Child Development

Genetic Bases of Child Development

Prenatal Development, Birth, and the Newborn

Growth and Health

Perceptual and Motor Development

Theories of Cognitive Development

Cognitive Processes and Academic Skills

Intelligence and Individual Differences in Cognition

Language and Communication

Emotional Development

Understanding Self and Others

Moral Understanding and Behavior

Family Relationships

Influences Beyond the Family

Filters