Exam 12: Deductive Reasoning and Decision Making

When people commit the base-rate fallacy,they often

We often tend to see psychological patterns in the pictures that people draw.For example,we might think that suspicious people would tend to draw exaggerated eyes.What error in judgment does this represent?

Suppose that you are given several pieces of information,and you must infer whether the logical consequence of that information is correct.The task you are performing is called

Why is the concept of base rate important in decisions that involve the representativeness heuristic?

You estimate the number of bottles of pop you'll need for the 4th of July picnic,based on the Christmas party consumption,but taking into account the fact that the weather will be warmer.Which heuristic does this example illustrate?

You are trying to decide whether it will rain tomorrow,based on how many rainy days you remember from the last week.Which heuristic are you using?

A physician is trying to convince a man that he must give up smoking.The man initially believes that the probability of lung cancer is increased by only 10% if he smokes.Why are decision-making heuristics relevant to this situation?

12-102.The decision theorists who favor the ecological-rationality perspective are most likely to argue that

Suppose that you see a male student on your campus who is wearing a suit and a tie.You conclude,"He must be a business major; he couldn't be a psychology major." However,your college has twice as many psychology majors as business majors.Your decision is apparently guided by

Anchoring and adjustment is relevant when we estimate confidence intervals because

Which of the following students has the best explanation for illusory correlations?

According to the research on prospect theory,

Suppose that you are trying to decide whether to buy tomatoes or cucumbers in a grocery store.You think about the wide variety of recipes that use tomatoes,compared with only a few recipes that use cucumbers.You are using

According to the research on the reasons for overconfidence,

Yesterday,Dr.Ling announced to his biopsychology class,"If we are going to have a review session on Tuesday,everyone in the class will receive an e-mail message on Friday." Elspeth is enrolled in the class,and she did not receive a message on Friday.Based on these premises,she concludes that the class will not have a review session on Tuesday.She is using the kind of reasoning known as

Here is a reasoning problem: "If today is Tuesday then my cognition class meets this morning.Today is not Tuesday.Therefore,my cognition class does not meet this morning." What kind of reasoning does this represent?

Here is a reasoning problem."All writers are creative.Some actors are creative.Therefore,some actors are writers." This is an example of

Which of the following heuristics is most likely to produce a correct decision?

Which of the following students' statements best summarizes the research on the belief-bias effect?

Dr.Anna Smith is a clinical psychologist.She just heard about someone who had a bad reaction to a medication.She knows that this medication has worked well with many of her clients who have experienced depression during the last few months.With respect to decision-making heuristics,she should be concerned that her future decisions about this medication might be influenced by