Exam 12: Deductive Reasoning and Decision Making

12-101.A group of fantasy football players are discussing the previous weekend's games,which included a season-ending injury to a top player.Kat is heard to say,"I knew that quarterback was going to get injured eventually.He can't get rid of the ball quickly enough,so he's always getting sacked." Kat is probably being influenced by

The discussion about conditional reasoning pointed out that

Heuristics are relevant when we try to answer a reasoning problem because

Suppose that someone asks you to name the most popular television situation comedies,and you respond with the names of two shows that you regularly watch.This would be an example of

Suppose that Joseph Brown is a U.S.diplomat who works in Country X,and he is trying to assess whether Country X poses a threat to the United States.The diplomat gathers evidence that Country X poses a threat,but he does not try to gather evidence that Country X does not pose a threat.This error is called

A professor asks students to guess what percent of people in homeless shelters are parents and children.Before you can consider your answer,another student shouts out "about 10%." Your answer may be either higher or lower than it would be otherwise because of

Which of the following students' statements provides the best overview of the research on decision making?

A family has three children,all of whom are boys.Everyone predicts that their next child will be a girl.Which heuristic does this demonstrate?

Which of the following students provides the most accurate perspective on the availability heuristic?

An important difference between reasoning and decision making is that in reasoning,

Suppose that you are having a serious argument with a friend,and you are convinced that your own perspective is correct.According to the discussion in Chapter 12,this situation is an example of

12-103.Chapter 12 notes that researchers such as Kahneman and Tversky are pessimistic about our decision-making skills,whereas researchers such as Gigerenzer are more optimistic.The optimists emphasize that

How could the illusory correlation effect produce a stereotype?

What is one of the difficulties with the availability heuristic?

According to the research on the classic "selection task" (involving the cards that contain a letter and a number),

When people draw a logical conclusion on the basis of whether it agrees with their everyday knowledge,they are demonstrating the

According to the discussion of the availability heuristic,

Suppose that you hear someone say,"I don't care how many days I am sick; I just care how many days I am well." Which of the following concepts from decision making would be most relevant to this statement?

Imagine that your professor is discussing the prevalence of psychological disorders in the general population,and he says,"A study conducted in 2012 estimated that about 11% of the population has a psychological disorder at any one time." If you were to estimate a confidence interval,based on this number-11%-you would be most likely

Here is a reasoning problem: "Some vegetables have seeds.Some things that have seeds are fruits.Therefore,some vegetables are fruits." What kind of reasoning does this represent?