Question 1

Transcription elements are

Accepted Answer

A)  protein factors that bind DNA. 
B)  DNA sequences that bind transcription factors. 
C)  protein factors that bind RNA polymerase. 
D)  DNA sequences that bind nucleosomes. 
A)  protein factors that bind DNA. 
B)  DNA sequences that bind transcription factors. 
C)  protein factors that bind RNA polymerase. 
D)  DNA sequences that bind nucleosomes.

Question 2

Which one of the following is wrong? RNA splicing.

Accepted Answer

A)  is responsible for the joining of V, D, and J segments in formation of a heavy chain immunoglobulin protein. 
B)  is sometimes an autocatalytic reaction which can occur without added proteins. 
C)  is often mediated by particles called spliceosomes containing both RNAs and proteins. 
D)  occurs in the nucleus to form a complete, translatable mRNA with a single open reading frame. 
E)  often results in the excision of the intron as a structure known as a lariat. 
A)  is responsible for the joining of V, D, and J segments in formation of a heavy chain immunoglobulin protein. 
B)  is sometimes an autocatalytic reaction which can occur without added proteins. 
C)  is often mediated by particles called spliceosomes containing both RNAs and proteins. 
D)  occurs in the nucleus to form a complete, translatable mRNA with a single open reading frame. 
E)  often results in the excision of the intron as a structure known as a lariat.

Question 3

All of the following are particles containing both RNA and protein EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  snurps 
B)  ribosomes 
C)  spliceosomes 
D)  signal peptidase 
E)  signal recognition particle 
A)  snurps 
B)  ribosomes 
C)  spliceosomes 
D)  signal peptidase 
E)  signal recognition particle

Question 4

Which ONE of the following nuclear RNA processing events is correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  Many RNA transcripts have a cap of 7-methyl-guanine added to the end of the RNA. 
B)  The splice sites in precursors to mRNA are initially recognized by an enzyme that marks them by methylation. 
C)  A poly G tail of up to about 200 guanine residues is added to the end of most pre-mRNA molecules. 
D)  The 5'-end of many RNAs is capped using a 5'-5' pyrophosphate link. 
E)  After synthesis of RNA on the DNA template, ribothymidine residues in the RNA are demethylated to uridine residues. 
A)  Many RNA transcripts have a cap of 7-methyl-guanine added to the end of the RNA. 
B)  The splice sites in precursors to mRNA are initially recognized by an enzyme that marks them by methylation. 
C)  A poly G tail of up to about 200 guanine residues is added to the end of most pre-mRNA molecules. 
D)  The 5'-end of many RNAs is capped using a 5'-5' pyrophosphate link. 
E)  After synthesis of RNA on the DNA template, ribothymidine residues in the RNA are demethylated to uridine residues.

Question 5

Which one of the following nuclear RNA processing events is correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  Many RNA transcripts have a cap of 7-methyl-guanine added to the end of the RNA. 
B)  The splice sites in precursors to mRNA are initially recognized by an enzyme that marks them by methylation. 
C)  A poly G tail of up to about 200 guanine residues is added to the end of most pre-mRNA molecules. 
D)  The 5' -end of many RNAs is capped using a 5 -5 link. 
E)  After synthesis of RNA on the DNA template, ribothymidine residues in the RNA are demethylated to uridine residues. 
A)  Many RNA transcripts have a cap of 7-methyl-guanine added to the end of the RNA. 
B)  The splice sites in precursors to mRNA are initially recognized by an enzyme that marks them by methylation. 
C)  A poly G tail of up to about 200 guanine residues is added to the end of most pre-mRNA molecules. 
D)  The 5' -end of many RNAs is capped using a 5 -5 link. 
E)  After synthesis of RNA on the DNA template, ribothymidine residues in the RNA are demethylated to uridine residues.

Question 6

The first step in eukaryotic pre-mRNA splicing is

Accepted Answer

A)  ligation of the two exon sequences. 
B)  cleavage of the intron sequence at the branch site. 
C)  ligation of the branch site adenosine to the 5' end of the intron. 
D)  cleavage of the intron sequence at the 3' end. 
E)  ligation of U1 snRNA to the branch site. 
A)  ligation of the two exon sequences. 
B)  cleavage of the intron sequence at the branch site. 
C)  ligation of the branch site adenosine to the 5' end of the intron. 
D)  cleavage of the intron sequence at the 3' end. 
E)  ligation of U1 snRNA to the branch site.

Question 7

Which of the following has polyadenylic acid at the end?

Accepted Answer

A)  tRNA 
B)  mRNA 
C)  rRNA 
D)  all of the above 
E)  none of the above 
A)  tRNA 
B)  mRNA 
C)  rRNA 
D)  all of the above 
E)  none of the above

Question 8

During nuclear processing of an pre-mRNA in a eukaryote, the portions discarded are

Accepted Answer

A)  exons. 
B)  introns. 
C)  duplicate genes. 
D)  methylated regions. 
E)  poly A chains. 
A)  exons. 
B)  introns. 
C)  duplicate genes. 
D)  methylated regions. 
E)  poly A chains.

Question 9

Small nuclear RNAs such as U1, U2 and U5 affect gene expression by:

Accepted Answer

A)  diminishing the rate of transcription. 
B)  functioning as modified bases within tRNA. 
C)  functioning as self_catalytic components of rRNA. 
D)  functioning as essential components of the spliceosome. 
E)  promoting proper transcription termination. 
A)  diminishing the rate of transcription. 
B)  functioning as modified bases within tRNA. 
C)  functioning as self_catalytic components of rRNA. 
D)  functioning as essential components of the spliceosome. 
E)  promoting proper transcription termination.

Question 10

An example of a nontranscribed DNA sequence in human DNA is

Accepted Answer

A)  an intron in a beta globin gene. 
B)  a promoter site for RNA polymerase II. 
C)  the termination codon for beta globin. 
D)  the region in ribosomal RNA genes between the segments coding for the l8S and 28S rRNAs. 
E)  the consensus sequence of exon-intron junctions. 
A)  an intron in a beta globin gene. 
B)  a promoter site for RNA polymerase II. 
C)  the termination codon for beta globin. 
D)  the region in ribosomal RNA genes between the segments coding for the l8S and 28S rRNAs. 
E)  the consensus sequence of exon-intron junctions.

Question 11

Which of the following describes the function of factor rho?

Accepted Answer

A)  Rho binds RNA polymerase to the promoter region. 
B)  Rho brings about proper initiation of transcription. 
C)  Rho brings about correct termination of transcription. 
D)  Rho binds catabolite repressor protein to the promoter region. 
E)  Rho increases the rate of elongation of the growing RNA chain. 
A)  Rho binds RNA polymerase to the promoter region. 
B)  Rho brings about proper initiation of transcription. 
C)  Rho brings about correct termination of transcription. 
D)  Rho binds catabolite repressor protein to the promoter region. 
E)  Rho increases the rate of elongation of the growing RNA chain.

Question 12

Which of the following is a characteristic of transcription?

Accepted Answer

A)  the reaction is driven toward product formation by hydrolysis of pyrophosphate. 
B)  a short primer, complementary to the DNA template, is required to initiate transcription. 
C)  ATP serves as the energy requirement for each new phosphodiester bond. 
D)  GTP serves as the energy requirement for each new phosphodiester bond. 
E)  the reaction is "semi_Conservative" with respect to the DNA template. 
A)  the reaction is driven toward product formation by hydrolysis of pyrophosphate. 
B)  a short primer, complementary to the DNA template, is required to initiate transcription. 
C)  ATP serves as the energy requirement for each new phosphodiester bond. 
D)  GTP serves as the energy requirement for each new phosphodiester bond. 
E)  the reaction is "semi_Conservative" with respect to the DNA template.

Question 13

Splice site specificity is determined by:

Accepted Answer

A)  conserved sequences within the intron. 
B)  conserved sequences within the exons. 
C)  U4 and U6 snRNAs. 
D)  RNAase III. 
E)  RNAase P. 
A)  conserved sequences within the intron. 
B)  conserved sequences within the exons. 
C)  U4 and U6 snRNAs. 
D)  RNAase III. 
E)  RNAase P.

Question 14

Regarding nucleosome structure, which of the following statements is correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  Nucleosomes are spherical structures comprised of RNA, nonhistone proteins and histone proteins. 
B)  The major histones comprising nucleosomes are H1 and H4. 
C)  Nucleosomes permit efficient packing of DNA to about one seventh its normal length. 
D)  The histone associated with the DNA in the linker region holding nucleosomes is called H2A. 
E)  All of the above. 
A)  Nucleosomes are spherical structures comprised of RNA, nonhistone proteins and histone proteins. 
B)  The major histones comprising nucleosomes are H1 and H4. 
C)  Nucleosomes permit efficient packing of DNA to about one seventh its normal length. 
D)  The histone associated with the DNA in the linker region holding nucleosomes is called H2A. 
E)  All of the above.

Question 15

Spliceosome assembly involves all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  recognition of donor splice sites by U1 snRNA. 
B)  binding of U4, U5 and U6 snRNP to the spliceosome. 
C)  binding of U2 snRNP to acceptor splice sites. 
D)  rearrangements of the U-snRNP in the spliceosome. 
A)  recognition of donor splice sites by U1 snRNA. 
B)  binding of U4, U5 and U6 snRNP to the spliceosome. 
C)  binding of U2 snRNP to acceptor splice sites. 
D)  rearrangements of the U-snRNP in the spliceosome.

Question 16

All of the following statements about ribosomes are correct EXCEPT which one?

Accepted Answer

A)  70S prokaryotic ribosomes are made up of a and a 50S subunit. 
B)  80S eukaryotic ribosomes are made up of a 40S and a 60S subunit. 
C)  The function of rRNA is to act as mRNA for the synthesis of ribosomal proteins. 
D)  Eukaryotic and prokaryotic ribosomes both contain 5S RNA. 
E)  In eukaryotes some ribosomes are attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum. 
A)  70S prokaryotic ribosomes are made up of a and a 50S subunit. 
B)  80S eukaryotic ribosomes are made up of a 40S and a 60S subunit. 
C)  The function of rRNA is to act as mRNA for the synthesis of ribosomal proteins. 
D)  Eukaryotic and prokaryotic ribosomes both contain 5S RNA. 
E)  In eukaryotes some ribosomes are attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum.

Question 17

The correct sequence of events in the production of a eukaryotic mRNA is

Accepted Answer

A)  promoter recognition and initiation ---> termination ---> 'capping' and polyadenylation ---> removal of introns. 
B)  promoter recognition ---> 'capping' ---> removal of introns ---> polyadenylation. 
C)  initiation process involving a primer ---> intron removal ---> termination process ---> transport of polycistronic messenger to cytoplasm. 
D)  synthesis in ---> 5' direction ---> 'capping' and polyadenylation of end ---> 'splicing'. 
E)  formation of 'signal sequence ---> production of a polycistronic sequence ---> 'splicing' ---> capping with m7GTP. 
A)  promoter recognition and initiation ---> termination ---> 'capping' and polyadenylation ---> removal of introns. 
B)  promoter recognition ---> 'capping' ---> removal of introns ---> polyadenylation. 
C)  initiation process involving a primer ---> intron removal ---> termination process ---> transport of polycistronic messenger to cytoplasm. 
D)  synthesis in ---> 5' direction ---> 'capping' and polyadenylation of end ---> 'splicing'. 
E)  formation of 'signal sequence ---> production of a polycistronic sequence ---> 'splicing' ---> capping with m7GTP.

Question 18

Eukaryotic RNA polymerase II differs from the prokaryotic RNA polymerase because it

Accepted Answer

A)  retains sigma factor during elongation. 
B)  can incorporate either deoxy- or ribonucleotide precursors. 
C)  requires multiple accessory proteins. 
D)  transcribes only ribosomal RNA genes. 
E)  interacts directly with the termination factor rho. 
A)  retains sigma factor during elongation. 
B)  can incorporate either deoxy- or ribonucleotide precursors. 
C)  requires multiple accessory proteins. 
D)  transcribes only ribosomal RNA genes. 
E)  interacts directly with the termination factor rho.

Question 19

The precursor for an RNA that contains a codon (near its 5' end) corresponding to an N-terminal amino acid in a protein is

Accepted Answer

A)  messenger RNA. 
B)  heterogeneous nuclear RNA. 
C)  transfer RNA. 
D)  ribosomal RNA. 
E)  small nuclear RNA. 
A)  messenger RNA. 
B)  heterogeneous nuclear RNA. 
C)  transfer RNA. 
D)  ribosomal RNA. 
E)  small nuclear RNA.

Question 20

All of the following statements about transcription are correct EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  The product is an RNA molecule which is identical in base sequence to ONE of the chains of the DNA section involved (U replacing T). 
B)  All four of the standard riboside triphosphates must be present for the process to occur. 
C)  A double-stranded DNA molecule is the highly preferred template, although local, transient separation of the strands is required. 
D)  The energy required for formation of the phosphodiester linkages is derived from the cleavage of phosphoanhydride linkages of the reacting NTP's and by hydrolysis of the product pyrophosphate. 
E)  It is catalyzed by an RNA polymerase found in ribosomes. 
A)  The product is an RNA molecule which is identical in base sequence to ONE of the chains of the DNA section involved (U replacing T). 
B)  All four of the standard riboside triphosphates must be present for the process to occur. 
C)  A double-stranded DNA molecule is the highly preferred template, although local, transient separation of the strands is required. 
D)  The energy required for formation of the phosphodiester linkages is derived from the cleavage of phosphoanhydride linkages of the reacting NTP's and by hydrolysis of the product pyrophosphate. 
E)  It is catalyzed by an RNA polymerase found in ribosomes.

Exam 5: RNA: Transcription and Rna Processing

Transcription elements are

Which one of the following is wrong? RNA splicing.

All of the following are particles containing both RNA and protein EXCEPT

Which ONE of the following nuclear RNA processing events is correct?

Which one of the following nuclear RNA processing events is correct?

The first step in eukaryotic pre-mRNA splicing is

Which of the following has polyadenylic acid at the end?

During nuclear processing of an pre-mRNA in a eukaryote, the portions discarded are

Small nuclear RNAs such as U1, U2 and U5 affect gene expression by:

An example of a nontranscribed DNA sequence in human DNA is

Which of the following describes the function of factor rho?

Which of the following is a characteristic of transcription?

Splice site specificity is determined by:

Regarding nucleosome structure, which of the following statements is correct?

Spliceosome assembly involves all of the following EXCEPT

All of the following statements about ribosomes are correct EXCEPT which one?

The correct sequence of events in the production of a eukaryotic mRNA is

Eukaryotic RNA polymerase II differs from the prokaryotic RNA polymerase because it

The precursor for an RNA that contains a codon (near its 5' end) corresponding to an N-terminal amino acid in a protein is

All of the following statements about transcription are correct EXCEPT

Eukaryotic Cell Structure

DNA and RNA: Composition and Structure

Protein I: Composition and Structure

DNA Replication, Recombination, and Repair

Protein Synthesis: Translation and Posttranslational Modifications

Recombinant Dna and Biotechnology

Regulation of Gene Expression

Protein II: Structure-Function Relationships in Protein Families

Enzymes: Classification, Kinetics, and Control

The Cytochromes P450 and Nitric Oxide Synthases

Biological Membranes: Structure and Membrane Transport

Fundamentals of Signal Transduction

Bioenergetics and Oxidative Metabolism

Carbohydrate Metabolism I: Major Metabolic Pathways and Their Control

Carbohydrate Metabolism II: Special Pathways and Glycoconjugates

Lipid Metabolism I: Synthesis, Storage, and Utilization of Fatty Acids and Triacylglycerols

Lipid Metabolism II: Pathways of Metabolism of Special Lipids

Amino Acid Metabolism

Purine and Pyrimidine Nucleotide Metabolism

Metabolic Interrelationships

Biochemistry of Hormones

Molecular Cell Biology

Cell Cycle, Programmed Cell Death, and Cancer

Digestion and Absorption of Basic Nutritional Constituents

Digestion and Absorption of Basic Nutritional Constituents

Principles of Nutrition I and II

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