Question 1

Citrate regulates fatty acid metabolism by

Accepted Answer

A)  inhibiting delta9-desaturase. 
B)  inhibiting acyl-CoA synthetase. 
C)  inhibiting carnitine acyltransferase. 
D)  stimulating acetyl-CoA carboxylase. 
E)  stimulating fatty acid synthase. 
A)  inhibiting delta9-desaturase. 
B)  inhibiting acyl-CoA synthetase. 
C)  inhibiting carnitine acyltransferase. 
D)  stimulating acetyl-CoA carboxylase. 
E)  stimulating fatty acid synthase.

Question 2

Among the differences between fatty acid synthesis and fatty acid oxidation is the fact that

Accepted Answer

A)  synthesis occurs in the mitochondria and oxidation in cytosol. 
B)  synthesis uses NADH and oxidation uses FAD. 
C)  synthesis is accelerated and oxidation depressed in diabetes. 
D)  malonyl-CoA is an intermediate in oxidation, but not in synthesis. 
E)  the acyl groups form different thioesters in synthesis and oxidation. 
A)  synthesis occurs in the mitochondria and oxidation in cytosol. 
B)  synthesis uses NADH and oxidation uses FAD. 
C)  synthesis is accelerated and oxidation depressed in diabetes. 
D)  malonyl-CoA is an intermediate in oxidation, but not in synthesis. 
E)  the acyl groups form different thioesters in synthesis and oxidation.

Question 3

The mitochondrial system of chain elongation for fatty acids

Accepted Answer

A)  adds two carbons at a time to the methyl end of a fatty acid. 
B)  utilizes NAD. 
C)  utilizes acetyl-CoA. 
D)  requires acyl carrier protein. 
E)  requires malonyl-CoA. 
A)  adds two carbons at a time to the methyl end of a fatty acid. 
B)  utilizes NAD. 
C)  utilizes acetyl-CoA. 
D)  requires acyl carrier protein. 
E)  requires malonyl-CoA.

Question 4

The order of reactions in fatty acid biosynthesis is

Accepted Answer

A)  malonyl transferase, beta-ketoacyl synthase, beta-ketoacyl-ACP reductase, enoyl-ACP reductase, enoyl-ACP hydratase. 
B)  enoyl-ACP hydratase, beta-ketoacyl synthase, beta-ketoacyl reductase, enoyl-ACP hydratase, enoyl-ACP reductase. 
C)  malonyl transferase, beta-ketoacyl reductase, beta-ketoacyl synthase, enoyl-ACP hydratase, enoyl-ACP reductase. 
D)  malonyl transferase, beta-ketoacyl synthase, beta-ketoacyl reductase, enoyl-ACP hydratase, enoyl-ACP reductase. 
E)  malonyl transferase, enoyl-ACP reductase, beta-ketoacyl synthase, enoyl-ACP hydratase, beta-ketoacyl reductase. 
A)  malonyl transferase, beta-ketoacyl synthase, beta-ketoacyl-ACP reductase, enoyl-ACP reductase, enoyl-ACP hydratase. 
B)  enoyl-ACP hydratase, beta-ketoacyl synthase, beta-ketoacyl reductase, enoyl-ACP hydratase, enoyl-ACP reductase. 
C)  malonyl transferase, beta-ketoacyl reductase, beta-ketoacyl synthase, enoyl-ACP hydratase, enoyl-ACP reductase. 
D)  malonyl transferase, beta-ketoacyl synthase, beta-ketoacyl reductase, enoyl-ACP hydratase, enoyl-ACP reductase. 
E)  malonyl transferase, enoyl-ACP reductase, beta-ketoacyl synthase, enoyl-ACP hydratase, beta-ketoacyl reductase.

Question 5

The correct structure for palmitic acid is

Accepted Answer

A)  CH3(CH2)12 COOH 
B)  CH3(CH2)14 COOH 
C)  CH3(CH2)16 COOH 
D)  CH3(CH2)18 COOH 
E)  None of the other answers is correct. 
A)  CH3(CH2)12 COOH 
B)  CH3(CH2)14 COOH 
C)  CH3(CH2)16 COOH 
D)  CH3(CH2)18 COOH 
E)  None of the other answers is correct.

Question 6

The β-oxidation of a 16 carbon fatty acyl CoA to 8 acetyl CoAs would generate:

Accepted Answer

A)  7 FADH2 and 7 NADH 
B)  8 FADH2 and 8 NADH 
C)  14 NADPH 
D)  16 NADPH 
E)  7 NADPH 
A)  7 FADH2 and 7 NADH 
B)  8 FADH2 and 8 NADH 
C)  14 NADPH 
D)  16 NADPH 
E)  7 NADPH

Question 7

Propionyl carboxylase is an enzyme required for the oxidation of

Accepted Answer

A)  unsaturated fatty acids 
B)  saturated fatty acids 
C)  fatty acids with an odd number of carbon atoms 
D)  malonyl-CoA 
E)  methyl malonyl-CoA 
A)  unsaturated fatty acids 
B)  saturated fatty acids 
C)  fatty acids with an odd number of carbon atoms 
D)  malonyl-CoA 
E)  methyl malonyl-CoA

Question 8

Plasma triglycerides can be hydrolyzed to fatty acids by the enzyme

Accepted Answer

A)  lipoprotein lipase. 
B)  triglyceride lipase. 
C)  heparin. 
D)  pancreatic lipase. 
E)  adenylate cyclase. 
A)  lipoprotein lipase. 
B)  triglyceride lipase. 
C)  heparin. 
D)  pancreatic lipase. 
E)  adenylate cyclase.

Question 9

Triglycerides

Accepted Answer

A)  represent the main component of storage lipids. 
B)  are composed of three fatty acids in ester linkage to a glycerol molecule. 
C)  are the most abundant members of the acyl glycerols, or neutral fats. 
D)  All of the other answers are correct. 
A)  represent the main component of storage lipids. 
B)  are composed of three fatty acids in ester linkage to a glycerol molecule. 
C)  are the most abundant members of the acyl glycerols, or neutral fats. 
D)  All of the other answers are correct.

Question 10

Which of the following compounds will generate, upon oxidation, the highest yield of ATP on a mole per mole basis?

Accepted Answer

A)  myristate (14:0) 
B)  myristoyl-CoA 
C)  1,2-dimyristoylphosphatidylserine 
D)  1,2,3-trimyristoylglycerol 
E)  cholesteryl myristate 
A)  myristate (14:0) 
B)  myristoyl-CoA 
C)  1,2-dimyristoylphosphatidylserine 
D)  1,2,3-trimyristoylglycerol 
E)  cholesteryl myristate

Question 11

The oxidation and degradation of fatty acids in the cell

Accepted Answer

A)  begins with the fatty acid thioester of CoA. 
B)  does not produce useful energy for the cell. 
C)  is inhibited by carnitine. 
D)  occurs primarily in the nucleus. 
E)  proceeds through successive shortening of the fatty acids by three-carbon units. 
A)  begins with the fatty acid thioester of CoA. 
B)  does not produce useful energy for the cell. 
C)  is inhibited by carnitine. 
D)  occurs primarily in the nucleus. 
E)  proceeds through successive shortening of the fatty acids by three-carbon units.

Question 12

The major site of the formation and release of acetoacetate is

Accepted Answer

A)  adipose tissue. 
B)  brain. 
C)  liver. 
D)  muscle. 
E)  small intestine. 
A)  adipose tissue. 
B)  brain. 
C)  liver. 
D)  muscle. 
E)  small intestine.

Question 13

All of the following are directly involved in the conversion of fatty acids and glycerol to triglycerides EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  ATP. 
B)  A specific phosphatase. 
C)  NAD. 
D)  Phosphatidic acid. 
E)  Acyl-CoA's. 
A)  ATP. 
B)  A specific phosphatase. 
C)  NAD. 
D)  Phosphatidic acid. 
E)  Acyl-CoA's.

Question 14

Acetyl-CoA carboxylase is primarily located in the

Accepted Answer

A)  endoplasmic reticulum. 
B)  cytosol. 
C)  mitochondria. 
D)  plasma membrane. 
E)  lysosomes. 
A)  endoplasmic reticulum. 
B)  cytosol. 
C)  mitochondria. 
D)  plasma membrane. 
E)  lysosomes.

Question 15

In man the synthesis of fatty acids from glucose proceeds primarily in the

Accepted Answer

A)  adipose tissue. 
B)  intestines. 
C)  kidney. 
D)  liver. 
E)  skeletal muscles 
A)  adipose tissue. 
B)  intestines. 
C)  kidney. 
D)  liver. 
E)  skeletal muscles

Question 16

Metabolic cleavage of acetoacetyl-CoA to two molecules of acetyl-CoA is catalyzed by a

Accepted Answer

A)  dehydrogenase. 
B)  hydratase. 
C)  synthetase. 
D)  thiolase. 
E)  racemase. 
A)  dehydrogenase. 
B)  hydratase. 
C)  synthetase. 
D)  thiolase. 
E)  racemase.

Question 17

ATP is required for fatty acid oxidation for the reaction catalyzed by

Accepted Answer

A)  acyl-CoA dehydrogenase. 
B)  acyl-CoA synthetase. 
C)  thiolytic cleavage. 
D)  carnitine acyltransferase. 
A)  acyl-CoA dehydrogenase. 
B)  acyl-CoA synthetase. 
C)  thiolytic cleavage. 
D)  carnitine acyltransferase.

Question 18

All of the following are involved in processes related to fatty acid synthesis EXCEPT which one?

Accepted Answer

A)  biotin 
B)  ATP 
C)  NADH 
D)  Pantothenate 
E)  Carbon Dioxide 
A)  biotin 
B)  ATP 
C)  NADH 
D)  Pantothenate 
E)  Carbon Dioxide

Question 19

Regarding triacylglycerol (TG) breakdown/hydrolysis, which one of the statements is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pancreatic lipase hydrolyzes TG in the intestinal lumen to 2?monoacylglycerols plus two fatty acids and its activity is enhanced by colipase. 
B)  There is a hormone sensitive lipase in adipocytes whose function is fatty acid mobilization. 
C)  Fatty acid mobilization via this enzyme can be altered as the diet is changed. 
D)  Glucagon stimulates this hormone sensitive lipase by inhibiting adenylate cyclase and lowering cAMP allowing the enzyme to become dephosphorylated which, is its active form. 
E)  Of the fatty acids eventually released from total hydrolysis of TG in the adipocyte, some enter the blood as free fatty acids where they bind albumin and are carried to other tissues such as muscle. 
A)  Pancreatic lipase hydrolyzes TG in the intestinal lumen to 2?monoacylglycerols plus two fatty acids and its activity is enhanced by colipase. 
B)  There is a hormone sensitive lipase in adipocytes whose function is fatty acid mobilization. 
C)  Fatty acid mobilization via this enzyme can be altered as the diet is changed. 
D)  Glucagon stimulates this hormone sensitive lipase by inhibiting adenylate cyclase and lowering cAMP allowing the enzyme to become dephosphorylated which, is its active form. 
E)  Of the fatty acids eventually released from total hydrolysis of TG in the adipocyte, some enter the blood as free fatty acids where they bind albumin and are carried to other tissues such as muscle.

Question 20

The fatty acid synthase complex contains all the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  a reductase. 
B)  a dehydratase. 
C)  a carboxylase. 
D)  a condensing enzyme. 
E)  a transacylase. 
A)  a reductase. 
B)  a dehydratase. 
C)  a carboxylase. 
D)  a condensing enzyme. 
E)  a transacylase.

Exam 17: Lipid Metabolism I: Synthesis, Storage, and Utilization of Fatty Acids and Triacylglycerols

Citrate regulates fatty acid metabolism by

Among the differences between fatty acid synthesis and fatty acid oxidation is the fact that

The mitochondrial system of chain elongation for fatty acids

The order of reactions in fatty acid biosynthesis is

The correct structure for palmitic acid is

The β-oxidation of a 16 carbon fatty acyl CoA to 8 acetyl CoAs would generate:

Propionyl carboxylase is an enzyme required for the oxidation of

Plasma triglycerides can be hydrolyzed to fatty acids by the enzyme

Triglycerides

Which of the following compounds will generate, upon oxidation, the highest yield of ATP on a mole per mole basis?

The oxidation and degradation of fatty acids in the cell

The major site of the formation and release of acetoacetate is

All of the following are directly involved in the conversion of fatty acids and glycerol to triglycerides EXCEPT

Acetyl-CoA carboxylase is primarily located in the

In man the synthesis of fatty acids from glucose proceeds primarily in the

Metabolic cleavage of acetoacetyl-CoA to two molecules of acetyl-CoA is catalyzed by a

ATP is required for fatty acid oxidation for the reaction catalyzed by

All of the following are involved in processes related to fatty acid synthesis EXCEPT which one?

Regarding triacylglycerol (TG) breakdown/hydrolysis, which one of the statements is false?

The fatty acid synthase complex contains all the following EXCEPT

Eukaryotic Cell Structure

DNA and RNA: Composition and Structure

Protein I: Composition and Structure

DNA Replication, Recombination, and Repair

RNA: Transcription and Rna Processing

Protein Synthesis: Translation and Posttranslational Modifications

Recombinant Dna and Biotechnology

Regulation of Gene Expression

Protein II: Structure-Function Relationships in Protein Families

Enzymes: Classification, Kinetics, and Control

The Cytochromes P450 and Nitric Oxide Synthases

Biological Membranes: Structure and Membrane Transport

Fundamentals of Signal Transduction

Bioenergetics and Oxidative Metabolism

Carbohydrate Metabolism I: Major Metabolic Pathways and Their Control

Carbohydrate Metabolism II: Special Pathways and Glycoconjugates

Lipid Metabolism II: Pathways of Metabolism of Special Lipids

Amino Acid Metabolism

Purine and Pyrimidine Nucleotide Metabolism

Metabolic Interrelationships

Biochemistry of Hormones

Molecular Cell Biology

Cell Cycle, Programmed Cell Death, and Cancer

Digestion and Absorption of Basic Nutritional Constituents

Digestion and Absorption of Basic Nutritional Constituents

Principles of Nutrition I and II

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