Question 1

In liver, acetoacetate may be preferentially

Accepted Answer

A)  reduced to beta-hydroxybutyrate. 
B)  esterified to coenzyme A. 
C)  oxidized to 2 moles of acetate. 
D)  none of the above. 
A)  reduced to beta-hydroxybutyrate. 
B)  esterified to coenzyme A. 
C)  oxidized to 2 moles of acetate. 
D)  none of the above.

Question 2

What is the rate limiting step in the conversion of triglyceride to free fatty acids in adipose tissue?

Accepted Answer

A)  The formation of Cyclic AMP. 
B)  The diffusion of glycerol into the blood. 
C)  Hydrolysis by the hormone stimulated lipase. 
D)  Stimulation of lipoprotein lipase. 
E)  None of the above. 
A)  The formation of Cyclic AMP. 
B)  The diffusion of glycerol into the blood. 
C)  Hydrolysis by the hormone stimulated lipase. 
D)  Stimulation of lipoprotein lipase. 
E)  None of the above.

Question 3

All of the compounds listed below are ketone bodies EXCEPT which one?

Accepted Answer

A)  acetoacetate. 
B)  beta-hydroxybutyrate. 
C)  alpha-ketoglutarate. 
D)  acetone. 
E)  All of the above are ketone bodies. 
A)  acetoacetate. 
B)  beta-hydroxybutyrate. 
C)  alpha-ketoglutarate. 
D)  acetone. 
E)  All of the above are ketone bodies.

Question 4

Which of the following is a property of the triacylglycerols?

Accepted Answer

A)  Their specific gravity is higher than that of water. 
B)  They are resistant to attack by alkali. 
C)  Those occurring naturally with an asymmetric carbon atom are by convention named as if they derive from L-glyceraldehyde. 
D)  They are solid at body temperature. 
A)  Their specific gravity is higher than that of water. 
B)  They are resistant to attack by alkali. 
C)  Those occurring naturally with an asymmetric carbon atom are by convention named as if they derive from L-glyceraldehyde. 
D)  They are solid at body temperature.

Question 5

The beta-oxidation of fatty acids

Accepted Answer

A)  occurs in the mitochondrial matrix. 
B)  occurs in the cytosol. 
C)  produces only acetyl-CoA. 
D)  requires NADP in one of the steps. 
E)  occurs only in skeletal and heart muscle. 
A)  occurs in the mitochondrial matrix. 
B)  occurs in the cytosol. 
C)  produces only acetyl-CoA. 
D)  requires NADP in one of the steps. 
E)  occurs only in skeletal and heart muscle.

Question 6

Which of the following provides reducing equivalents for the formation of NADPH in the cytoplasm?

Accepted Answer

A)  malonyl-CoA 
B)  succinyl-CoA 
C)  phosphatidic acid 
D)  acetoacetic acid 
E)  malic acid 
A)  malonyl-CoA 
B)  succinyl-CoA 
C)  phosphatidic acid 
D)  acetoacetic acid 
E)  malic acid

Question 7

The process of long chain fatty acid oxidation in liver is regulated in part by the interaction of

Accepted Answer

A)  acetyl-CoA with acyl-CoA dehydrogenase. 
B)  acetyl-CoA with carnitine acyl transferase I. 
C)  acetyl-CoA with carnitine acyl transferase II. 
D)  malonyl-CoA with carnitine acyl transferase I. 
E)  malonyl-CoA with carnitine acyl transferase II. 
A)  acetyl-CoA with acyl-CoA dehydrogenase. 
B)  acetyl-CoA with carnitine acyl transferase I. 
C)  acetyl-CoA with carnitine acyl transferase II. 
D)  malonyl-CoA with carnitine acyl transferase I. 
E)  malonyl-CoA with carnitine acyl transferase II.

Question 8

Complete hydrogenation of linoleate produces

Accepted Answer

A)  stearate. 
B)  palmitate. 
C)  oleate. 
D)  palmitoleate. 
E)  none of the above. 
A)  stearate. 
B)  palmitate. 
C)  oleate. 
D)  palmitoleate. 
E)  none of the above.

Question 9

Which of the following is an 18 carbon fatty acid with 3 double bonds?

Accepted Answer

A)  palmitic acid 
B)  oleic acid 
C)  linoleic acid 
D)  linolenic acid 
E)  arachidonic acid 
A)  palmitic acid 
B)  oleic acid 
C)  linoleic acid 
D)  linolenic acid 
E)  arachidonic acid

Question 10

Each of the following processes occurs predominantly in mitochondria EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  cholesterol side-chain cleavage. 
B)  ketone body formation. 
C)  tricarboxylic acid cycle reactions. 
D)  fatty acid biosynthesis. 
E)  oxidative phosphorylation. 
A)  cholesterol side-chain cleavage. 
B)  ketone body formation. 
C)  tricarboxylic acid cycle reactions. 
D)  fatty acid biosynthesis. 
E)  oxidative phosphorylation.

Question 11

When fatty acid biosynthesis is stimulated, beta-oxidation of fatty acids is inhibited. This inhibition occurs mainly because

Accepted Answer

A)  the pool of acetyl-CoA is depleted by the TCA cycle and fatty acid biosynthesis. 
B)  malonyl-CoA inhibits carnitine acyltransferase I. 
C)  high levels of ATP inhibit phosphofructokinase. 
D)  high levels of citrate stimulate acetyl-CoA synthase. 
E)  none of the above. 
A)  the pool of acetyl-CoA is depleted by the TCA cycle and fatty acid biosynthesis. 
B)  malonyl-CoA inhibits carnitine acyltransferase I. 
C)  high levels of ATP inhibit phosphofructokinase. 
D)  high levels of citrate stimulate acetyl-CoA synthase. 
E)  none of the above.

Question 12

The coenzyme involved in the synthesis of malonyl-CoA from acetyl-CoA is

Accepted Answer

A)  thiamine. 
B)  biotin. 
C)  nicotinamide. 
D)  riboflavin. 
E)  folic acid. 
A)  thiamine. 
B)  biotin. 
C)  nicotinamide. 
D)  riboflavin. 
E)  folic acid.

Question 13

Which of the following participates with human palmitate synthase as part of the same polypeptide chain?

Accepted Answer

A)  citrate lyase 
B)  propionyl CoA carboxylase 
C)  citrate synthase 
D)  acetyl CoA carboxylase 
E)  acyl carrier protein 
A)  citrate lyase 
B)  propionyl CoA carboxylase 
C)  citrate synthase 
D)  acetyl CoA carboxylase 
E)  acyl carrier protein

Question 14

All of the following molecules are either substrates, cofactors or intermediates in the synthesis of triglyceride EXCEPT which one?

Accepted Answer

A)  Glycerol 3-phosphate 
B)  Fatty acyl-CoA 
C)  Phosphatidic acid 
D)  CDP-diglyceride 
E)  water 
A)  Glycerol 3-phosphate 
B)  Fatty acyl-CoA 
C)  Phosphatidic acid 
D)  CDP-diglyceride 
E)  water

Question 15

The most immediate impact of malonyl CoA inhibition of carnitine: fatty acyl CoA transferase is to

Accepted Answer

A)  stimulate the synthesis of ketone bodies. 
B)  Stimulate fatty acid oxidation leading to a decreased rate of gluconeogenesis. 
C)  stimulate fatty acid oxidation leading to a decreased rate of gluconeogenesis. 
D)  turn back fatty acids heading for the mitochondrion while stimulating fatty acid elongation in the endoplasmic reticulum. 
E)  increase the concentration of mitochondrial acetyl CoA available for combustion through the TCA cycle. 
A)  stimulate the synthesis of ketone bodies. 
B)  Stimulate fatty acid oxidation leading to a decreased rate of gluconeogenesis. 
C)  stimulate fatty acid oxidation leading to a decreased rate of gluconeogenesis. 
D)  turn back fatty acids heading for the mitochondrion while stimulating fatty acid elongation in the endoplasmic reticulum. 
E)  increase the concentration of mitochondrial acetyl CoA available for combustion through the TCA cycle.

Question 16

The predominant fatty acyl group in stored triglycerides is

Accepted Answer

A)  arachidonate. 
B)  linoleate. 
C)  palmitate. 
D)  oleate. 
E)  stearate 
A)  arachidonate. 
B)  linoleate. 
C)  palmitate. 
D)  oleate. 
E)  stearate

Question 17

A reaction for the synthesis of triacylglycerol believed to be unique in the intestine is

Accepted Answer

A)  phosphatidic acid ---> diacylglycerol + Pi. 
B)  fatty acid + ATP + CoA ---> fatty acid-CoA + AMP + PPi. 
C)  diacylglycerol + fatty acyl-CoA ---> triacylglycerol + CoA. 
D)  monoacylglycerol + fatty acyl-CoA ---> diacylglycerol + CoA. 
E)  phosphatidylcholine + diacylglycerol ---> triacylglycerol + lysophosphatidylcholine. 
A)  phosphatidic acid ---> diacylglycerol + Pi. 
B)  fatty acid + ATP + CoA ---> fatty acid-CoA + AMP + PPi. 
C)  diacylglycerol + fatty acyl-CoA ---> triacylglycerol + CoA. 
D)  monoacylglycerol + fatty acyl-CoA ---> diacylglycerol + CoA. 
E)  phosphatidylcholine + diacylglycerol ---> triacylglycerol + lysophosphatidylcholine.

Question 18

All of the following fatty acids are synthesized in man EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  oleic acid. 
B)  linoleic acid. 
C)  palmitoleic acid. 
D)  stearic acid. 
E)  palmitic acid. 
A)  oleic acid. 
B)  linoleic acid. 
C)  palmitoleic acid. 
D)  stearic acid. 
E)  palmitic acid.

Question 19

Carnitine is involved in all of the following processes EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  the transport of fatty acyl groups across the inner mitochondrial membrane. 
B)  formation of an ester bond with fatty acids. 
C)  maintenance of separate pools of coenzyme A in the mitochondrial matrix and the cytosol. 
D)  transport of citrate from mitochondria for synthesis of malonyl-CoA in the cytosol. 
E)  use of fatty acids released from adipose tissue for generation of energy in other tissues. 
A)  the transport of fatty acyl groups across the inner mitochondrial membrane. 
B)  formation of an ester bond with fatty acids. 
C)  maintenance of separate pools of coenzyme A in the mitochondrial matrix and the cytosol. 
D)  transport of citrate from mitochondria for synthesis of malonyl-CoA in the cytosol. 
E)  use of fatty acids released from adipose tissue for generation of energy in other tissues.

Question 20

A portion of the NADPH necessary for fatty acid biosynthesis is provided by:

Accepted Answer

A)  The oxidative decarboxylation of malate by the malic enzyme 
B)  The pentose phosphate pathway 
C)  Both 
D)  Neither 
A)  The oxidative decarboxylation of malate by the malic enzyme 
B)  The pentose phosphate pathway 
C)  Both 
D)  Neither

Exam 17: Lipid Metabolism I: Synthesis, Storage, and Utilization of Fatty Acids and Triacylglycerols

In liver, acetoacetate may be preferentially

What is the rate limiting step in the conversion of triglyceride to free fatty acids in adipose tissue?

All of the compounds listed below are ketone bodies EXCEPT which one?

Which of the following is a property of the triacylglycerols?

The beta-oxidation of fatty acids

Which of the following provides reducing equivalents for the formation of NADPH in the cytoplasm?

The process of long chain fatty acid oxidation in liver is regulated in part by the interaction of

Complete hydrogenation of linoleate produces

Which of the following is an 18 carbon fatty acid with 3 double bonds?

Each of the following processes occurs predominantly in mitochondria EXCEPT

When fatty acid biosynthesis is stimulated, beta-oxidation of fatty acids is inhibited. This inhibition occurs mainly because

The coenzyme involved in the synthesis of malonyl-CoA from acetyl-CoA is

Which of the following participates with human palmitate synthase as part of the same polypeptide chain?

All of the following molecules are either substrates, cofactors or intermediates in the synthesis of triglyceride EXCEPT which one?

The most immediate impact of malonyl CoA inhibition of carnitine: fatty acyl CoA transferase is to

The predominant fatty acyl group in stored triglycerides is

A reaction for the synthesis of triacylglycerol believed to be unique in the intestine is

All of the following fatty acids are synthesized in man EXCEPT

Carnitine is involved in all of the following processes EXCEPT

A portion of the NADPH necessary for fatty acid biosynthesis is provided by:

Eukaryotic Cell Structure

DNA and RNA: Composition and Structure

Protein I: Composition and Structure

DNA Replication, Recombination, and Repair

RNA: Transcription and Rna Processing

Protein Synthesis: Translation and Posttranslational Modifications

Recombinant Dna and Biotechnology

Regulation of Gene Expression

Protein II: Structure-Function Relationships in Protein Families

Enzymes: Classification, Kinetics, and Control

The Cytochromes P450 and Nitric Oxide Synthases

Biological Membranes: Structure and Membrane Transport

Fundamentals of Signal Transduction

Bioenergetics and Oxidative Metabolism

Carbohydrate Metabolism I: Major Metabolic Pathways and Their Control

Carbohydrate Metabolism II: Special Pathways and Glycoconjugates

Lipid Metabolism II: Pathways of Metabolism of Special Lipids

Amino Acid Metabolism

Purine and Pyrimidine Nucleotide Metabolism

Metabolic Interrelationships

Biochemistry of Hormones

Molecular Cell Biology

Cell Cycle, Programmed Cell Death, and Cancer

Digestion and Absorption of Basic Nutritional Constituents

Digestion and Absorption of Basic Nutritional Constituents

Principles of Nutrition I and II

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