Exam 10: Altruism and Moral Development

The dilemmas posed by Kohlberg's moral decision stories involve a choice between

Models who resist temptation are more likely to convince observers to resist the same temptation if they

The relationship between moral reasoning and actual moral conduct has been found to be

Research on children's consideration of the intentions of harmdoers has

After reading Kohlberg's Heinz dilemma, Wanda says, "I think the law is wrong because no law should be more important than saving a life. Heinz should steal the drug and hope that, if caught, a jury will understand the circumstances and justly acquit him." Wanda is reasoning at Kohlberg's _____ level.

Describe two lines of evidence to support the proposition that "Parents are more likely to promote a prosocial orientation in their children if they encourage prosocial acts and practice what they preach."

A person who defines altruism as "Any act that provides comfort or assistance to other living organisms" clearly favors the _____ definition of altruism.

The idea that one should help others who need help is known as

Modern conscience theorists stress that firm but rational evaluation of a toddler's behavior specifying clearly why that behavior is wrong will promote _____ and lead to ____, a precursor of an internalized conscience.

According to Rosenhan (1970), fully committed civil rights activists differed from partially committed civil rights activists in that they

According to Piaget, a child who says that the naughtiness of an act depends on the actor's intentions is at the _____ stage of moral development.

Working with 5- and with 8-year-olds, Grusec and Redler found that labeling children as "nice" or "helpful" was likely to promote future prosocial acts among _____ because these children _____ .

Twin studies of individual differences in empathy and prosocial behavior imply all the following except ____________.

Proponents of psychoanalytic theory believe that altruistic norms and values are

Spontaneous sharing or help-giving is commonly observed among younger preschool children (i.e., 2 ½- 3 ½-year-olds) _____.

A social experience that seems to foster the growth of moral reasoning is

Jane justifies sharing her lunch with a classmate by saying, "Well, she forgot her lunch and doesn't have anything to eat. I don't have to share and wouldn't feel bad not sharing because she should have remembered to bring her lunch. So it's her fault, but she has to eat." Jane would be classified at the _____ level of prosocial moral reasoning.

Parents are most effective at inducing children to change their moral reasoning when they _____; peers are most effective at inducing changes in moral reasoning by _____.

Donald Campbell's (1965) biological viewpoint is that

Smetana studied the ability of children to distinguish between moral rules and social-conventional rules. She found, _____ with Piaget's theorizing, that _____ made such a distinction.