Exam 10: Altruism and Moral Development

When asked "What is the winning disciplinary formula for promoting moral maturity?" Martin Hoffman's research implies that he would say _____ .

Morality that is based on external controls, with actions judged according to the consequences they generate is

Later research reveals that Piaget was right in asserting that

A child is especially likely to imitate the behavior of a prosocial model if

Although inductive discipline appears to promote moral internalization for most children, there are those for whom it doesn't work so well. Who are these latter children and what have we learned about temperament, discipline, and moral internalization?

Which of the following acts qualify as examples of prosocial behavior?

Studies of the relationship between cognitive development and moral reasoning indicate that

One shortcoming of the evolutionary theory of altruism is that ______.

A psychoanalyst would be likely to focus on the _____ aspects of morality, whereas a social learning theorist might be more inclined to study _____ .

From the perspective of social-learning theory, which argues that we tend to repeat acts that are reinforced or benefit us, describe at least two ways in which individuals might come to perform costly prosocial acts that produce no apparent benefits.

George belches loudly in his preschool class, and his teacher reprimands him for his behavior. A few minutes later Judy pinches Thel and makes her cry. In evaluating these acts, preschool classmates are likely to _____ .

Gilligan's research on moral development in females has broadened the definition of morality to include concern with

In their 1975 study of six cultures, where did the Whitings find that U.S. children ranked in altruism?

Longitudinal studies of moral reasoning reveal that

Empathy is not a good predictor of altruistic behavior for younger children (i.e., age 7 or younger) because these youngsters are likely to

Attending college may promote the growth of moral reasoning by

It is now clear that cognitive rationales enhance the effectiveness of many forms of punishment. How would an attribution theorist explain this finding?

Gilligan's theory of moral development argues that there are sex differences in moral reasoning. Gilligan's proposition that females are higher than males in the _____ has now been tested. The results indicate that _____ .

In their review of cross-sectional studies conducted in several countries around the world, Colby and Kohlberg concluded that there was

If parents or teachers hoped to promote altruistic behavior, they would probably be least successful if they were to