Question 1

Primary circular reactions differ from secondary circular reactions in that primary circular reactions are

Accepted Answer

A)  repetitious 
B)  pleasurable 
C)  centered on the body 
D)  discovered by chance 
A)  repetitious 
B)  pleasurable 
C)  centered on the body 
D)  discovered by chance

Question 2

According to Erickson, a person who fails to successfully resolve life's final crisis will suffer feelings of

Accepted Answer

A)  despair 
B)  stagnation 
C)  role confusion 
D)  generativity 
E)  guilt 
A)  despair 
B)  stagnation 
C)  role confusion 
D)  generativity 
E)  guilt

Question 3

Piaget's notion that his cognitive stages represent an invariant developmental sequence implies that

Accepted Answer

A)  all children progress through these stages in precisely the same order 
B)  stages can never be skipped 
C)  each stage builds from its precedessor 
D)  all children progress through these stages in precisely the same order and stages can never be skipped 
E)  all of these 
A)  all children progress through these stages in precisely the same order 
B)  stages can never be skipped 
C)  each stage builds from its precedessor 
D)  all children progress through these stages in precisely the same order and stages can never be skipped 
E)  all of these

Question 4

Bobby's mother knows that if she continues to nag Bobby to do the dishes, he will soon react to this aversive nagging by completing the chore. If Bobby becomes more punctual about dishwashing as a result of this treatment, we could label his new habit as a(n) operant response that is established through

Accepted Answer

A)  reinforcement 
B)  punishment 
C)  observational learning 
D)  collaborative learning 
A)  reinforcement 
B)  punishment 
C)  observational learning 
D)  collaborative learning

Question 5

John B. Watson

Accepted Answer

A)  was a behaviorist 
B)  was a social-learning theorist 
C)  believed that all significant aspects of one's personality are learned 
D)  was a social-learning theorist and believed that all significant aspects of one's personality are learned 
E)  all of these 
A)  was a behaviorist 
B)  was a social-learning theorist 
C)  believed that all significant aspects of one's personality are learned 
D)  was a social-learning theorist and believed that all significant aspects of one's personality are learned 
E)  all of these

Question 6

The major cognitive advance of Piaget's preoperational stage centers on the child's use of

Accepted Answer

A)  behavioral schemes 
B)  mental symbols 
C)  compensation 
D)  reversibility 
A)  behavioral schemes 
B)  mental symbols 
C)  compensation 
D)  reversibility

Question 7

A young child with the scheme that objects fall when dropped may be quite surprised by a helium-filled balloon that rises; constructing an understanding of this novel event involves

Accepted Answer

A)  assimilation 
B)  accommodation 
C)  conservation 
D)  intuitive reasoning 
A)  assimilation 
B)  accommodation 
C)  conservation 
D)  intuitive reasoning

Question 8

According to the principles of reciprocal determinism, when one boy in a group becomes a bully, it is likely because

Accepted Answer

A)  the boy is bigger than his peers 
B)  the bully finds that his bullying behavior "pays off" for him 
C)  other children have reinforced the bully by caving in to his demands 
D)  the boy is bigger than his peers and the bully finds that his bullying behavior "pays off" for him 
E)  the bully finds that his bullying behavior "pays off" for him and other children have reinforced the bully by caving in to his demands 
A)  the boy is bigger than his peers 
B)  the bully finds that his bullying behavior "pays off" for him 
C)  other children have reinforced the bully by caving in to his demands 
D)  the boy is bigger than his peers and the bully finds that his bullying behavior "pays off" for him 
E)  the bully finds that his bullying behavior "pays off" for him and other children have reinforced the bully by caving in to his demands

Question 9

Egocentrism

Accepted Answer

A)  is a cognitive operation that enables youngsters to solve conservation problems 
B)  refers to a tendency to view events from one's own perspective and to have difficulty recognizing another person's point of view 
C)  both of these 
D)  none of these 
A)  is a cognitive operation that enables youngsters to solve conservation problems 
B)  refers to a tendency to view events from one's own perspective and to have difficulty recognizing another person's point of view 
C)  both of these 
D)  none of these

Question 10

Piaget uses the term _____ to refer to the intellectual structures we create to represent, organize, or interpret our experiences.

Accepted Answer

A)  schemes 
B)  organizations 
C)  formal operations 
D)  conservations 
A)  schemes 
B)  organizations 
C)  formal operations 
D)  conservations

Question 11

A 9-month-old who has always found her doll in the toy box sees her mother place the doll in the closet. As the doll disappears, the infant crawls directly to the toy box to search for this toy. According to Piaget, the child

Accepted Answer

A)  is now capable of deferred imitation 
B)  believes that her behavior determines the doll's location 
C)  is displaying a fully developed object concept 
D)  is engaging in symbolic play 
A)  is now capable of deferred imitation 
B)  believes that her behavior determines the doll's location 
C)  is displaying a fully developed object concept 
D)  is engaging in symbolic play

Question 12

According to Piaget, behavioral or sensorimotor schemes refer to representation of objects and events through

Accepted Answer

A)  abstract ideas 
B)  mental representations 
C)  overt actions 
D)  internal mental activities 
A)  abstract ideas 
B)  mental representations 
C)  overt actions 
D)  internal mental activities

Question 13

A child who labels a shoebox as a baby's crib and plays with this object as if it were a crib has formed a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  symbolic scheme 
B)  behavioral scheme 
C)  sensorimotor scheme 
D)  operational scheme 
A)  symbolic scheme 
B)  behavioral scheme 
C)  sensorimotor scheme 
D)  operational scheme

Question 14

In order to reach the cookie jar, a young child combines two behavior patterns-jumping and reaching-into a single coordinated activity. Piaget would see this as an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  assimilation 
B)  accommodation 
C)  integration 
D)  organization 
A)  assimilation 
B)  accommodation 
C)  integration 
D)  organization

Question 15

According to Freud, children who successfully resolve their Oedipus or Electra complex can expect to

Accepted Answer

A)  acquire an appropriately masculine or feminine identity 
B)  develop a strong superego 
C)  enter the phallic stage of psychosexual development 
D)  acquire an appropriately masculine or feminine identity and develop a strong superego 
E)  all of these 
A)  acquire an appropriately masculine or feminine identity 
B)  develop a strong superego 
C)  enter the phallic stage of psychosexual development 
D)  acquire an appropriately masculine or feminine identity and develop a strong superego 
E)  all of these

Question 16

Piaget views the symbolic play of the preoperational period as

Accepted Answer

A)  a means of practicing and perfecting one's social skills 
B)  an adaptive method of resolving conflicts and emotional crises 
C)  both of these 
D)  none of these 
A)  a means of practicing and perfecting one's social skills 
B)  an adaptive method of resolving conflicts and emotional crises 
C)  both of these 
D)  none of these

Question 17

According to Piaget, preoperational children cannot solve conservation problems such as the "liquids" (or volume) problem because they

Accepted Answer

A)  center on a single perceptual feature or dimension 
B)  do not yet realize that the transformation they have witnessed is reversible 
C)  do not understand that changes in one dimension can account for changes in the appearance of another 
D)  center on a single perceptual feature or dimension and do not yet realize that the transformation they have witnessed is reversible 
E)  all of these 
A)  center on a single perceptual feature or dimension 
B)  do not yet realize that the transformation they have witnessed is reversible 
C)  do not understand that changes in one dimension can account for changes in the appearance of another 
D)  center on a single perceptual feature or dimension and do not yet realize that the transformation they have witnessed is reversible 
E)  all of these

Question 18

Describe at least two ways in which a formal-operator's newly acquired ability to think about abstractions might influence personal or social development.

Accepted Answer

One way in which a formal operator's new

Question 19

According to research by Leon Kuczynski and his associates, younger (12-24-month-old) toddlers are less likely than older (24-30-month-old) toddlers to imitate _____ after observing social models.

Accepted Answer

A)  affective responses 
B)  high-intensity behaviors 
C)  self-care routines 
D)  all of these 
A)  affective responses 
B)  high-intensity behaviors 
C)  self-care routines 
D)  all of these

Question 20

Skinner and Bandura would generally agree that

Accepted Answer

A)  reinforcement is necessary for learning to occur 
B)  most human behavior is not motivated by internal drives 
C)  reinforcement affects performance but is not necessary for learning to occur 
D)  one must first perform a response in order to learn it. 
A)  reinforcement is necessary for learning to occur 
B)  most human behavior is not motivated by internal drives 
C)  reinforcement affects performance but is not necessary for learning to occur 
D)  one must first perform a response in order to learn it.

Primary circular reactions differ from secondary circular reactions in that primary circular reactions are

According to Erickson, a person who fails to successfully resolve life's final crisis will suffer feelings of

Piaget's notion that his cognitive stages represent an invariant developmental sequence implies that

John B. Watson

The major cognitive advance of Piaget's preoperational stage centers on the child's use of

A young child with the scheme that objects fall when dropped may be quite surprised by a helium-filled balloon that rises; constructing an understanding of this novel event involves

According to the principles of reciprocal determinism, when one boy in a group becomes a bully, it is likely because

Egocentrism

Piaget uses the term _____ to refer to the intellectual structures we create to represent, organize, or interpret our experiences.

A 9-month-old who has always found her doll in the toy box sees her mother place the doll in the closet. As the doll disappears, the infant crawls directly to the toy box to search for this toy. According to Piaget, the child

According to Piaget, behavioral or sensorimotor schemes refer to representation of objects and events through

A child who labels a shoebox as a baby's crib and plays with this object as if it were a crib has formed a(n)

In order to reach the cookie jar, a young child combines two behavior patterns-jumping and reaching-into a single coordinated activity. Piaget would see this as an example of

According to Freud, children who successfully resolve their Oedipus or Electra complex can expect to

Piaget views the symbolic play of the preoperational period as

According to Piaget, preoperational children cannot solve conservation problems such as the "liquids" (or volume) problem because they

Describe at least two ways in which a formal-operator's newly acquired ability to think about abstractions might influence personal or social development.

According to research by Leon Kuczynski and his associates, younger (12-24-month-old) toddlers are less likely than older (24-30-month-old) toddlers to imitate _____ after observing social models.

Skinner and Bandura would generally agree that

Introduction

Recent Perspectives on Social and Personality Development

Emotional Development and Temperament

Establishment of Intimate Relationships and Their Implications for Future Development

Development of the Self and Social Cognition

Achievement

Sex Differences, Gender Role Development and Sexuality

Aggression and Antisocial Conduct

Altruism and Moral Development

The Family

Extrafamilial Influences I: Television, Computers and Schooling

Extrafamilial Influences Ii: Peers As Socialization Agents

Epilogue: Putting the Pieces Together

Filters

Exam 2: Classical Theories of Social and Personality Development

Primary circular reactions differ from secondary circular reactions in that primary circular reactions are

According to Erickson, a person who fails to successfully resolve life's final crisis will suffer feelings of

Piaget's notion that his cognitive stages represent an invariant developmental sequence implies that

John B. Watson

The major cognitive advance of Piaget's preoperational stage centers on the child's use of

A young child with the scheme that objects fall when dropped may be quite surprised by a helium-filled balloon that rises; constructing an understanding of this novel event involves

According to the principles of reciprocal determinism, when one boy in a group becomes a bully, it is likely because

Egocentrism

Piaget uses the term _____ to refer to the intellectual structures we create to represent, organize, or interpret our experiences.

A 9-month-old who has always found her doll in the toy box sees her mother place the doll in the closet. As the doll disappears, the infant crawls directly to the toy box to search for this toy. According to Piaget, the child

According to Piaget, behavioral or sensorimotor schemes refer to representation of objects and events through

A child who labels a shoebox as a baby's crib and plays with this object as if it were a crib has formed a(n)

In order to reach the cookie jar, a young child combines two behavior patterns-jumping and reaching-into a single coordinated activity. Piaget would see this as an example of

According to Freud, children who successfully resolve their Oedipus or Electra complex can expect to

Piaget views the symbolic play of the preoperational period as

According to Piaget, preoperational children cannot solve conservation problems such as the "liquids" (or volume) problem because they

Describe at least two ways in which a formal-operator's newly acquired ability to think about abstractions might influence personal or social development.

According to research by Leon Kuczynski and his associates, younger (12-24-month-old) toddlers are less likely than older (24-30-month-old) toddlers to imitate _____ after observing social models.

Skinner and Bandura would generally agree that

Introduction

Recent Perspectives on Social and Personality Development

Emotional Development and Temperament

Establishment of Intimate Relationships and Their Implications for Future Development

Development of the Self and Social Cognition

Achievement

Sex Differences, Gender Role Development and Sexuality

Aggression and Antisocial Conduct

Altruism and Moral Development

The Family

Extrafamilial Influences I: Television, Computers and Schooling

Extrafamilial Influences Ii: Peers As Socialization Agents

Epilogue: Putting the Pieces Together

Filters