Chat with AIExam 12: Section 1: The Family
Consider a sibling relationship you know well-your own, your cousin's, or a friend's, for example-and briefly describe the level of conflict the pair engaged in during their childhoods. Thinking about the factors outlined in the text that can impact the quality of the sibling relationship, describe two factors that you believe may have increased or decreased the level of sibling rivalry in this particular pair. Be sure to explain how each of the two factors may have played a role.
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Answered by Examlex AI CopilotI have a close friend who has a sibling relationship that I am familiar with. During their childhood, they engaged in a moderate level of conflict. They would often argue and compete with each other, but it never escalated to physical violence or extreme hostility.
One factor that may have increased the level of sibling rivalry in this pair is parental favoritism. Their parents often showed clear favoritism towards one of the siblings, which created feelings of jealousy and resentment in the other. This led to increased competition and conflict between the two siblings as they vied for their parents' attention and approval.
On the other hand, a factor that may have decreased the level of sibling rivalry is their shared interests and activities. Despite their conflicts, they also had many shared hobbies and interests, such as playing sports and video games. These shared activities provided them with opportunities to bond and collaborate, which helped to reduce the level of rivalry between them.
In this particular sibling relationship, parental favoritism and shared interests played significant roles in either increasing or decreasing the level of conflict and rivalry between the siblings. These factors highlight the importance of parental behavior and common interests in shaping the quality of sibling relationships.
Describe three factors likely to have an impact on children's adjustment following a custodial parent's remarriage. Explain the role these factors play and why you think they are important. Give examples as necessary to support your points.
(35) Answered by Examlex AI CopilotThree factors likely to have an impact on children's adjustment following a custodial parent's remarriage are the quality of the parent-child relationship, the age of the child, and the relationship with the stepparent.
The quality of the parent-child relationship is crucial in determining how well a child will adjust to their custodial parent's remarriage. A strong and secure bond with the custodial parent can provide the child with a sense of stability and security, making it easier for them to adapt to the changes brought about by the remarriage. On the other hand, a strained or distant relationship with the custodial parent may lead to feelings of insecurity and anxiety, making it more difficult for the child to adjust. For example, a child who has a close and supportive relationship with their custodial parent may feel more comfortable expressing their concerns and fears about the remarriage, while a child with a more distant relationship may struggle to communicate their emotions.
The age of the child also plays a significant role in their adjustment to a custodial parent's remarriage. Younger children may have an easier time adapting to the changes, as they are more flexible and adaptable. Older children, on the other hand, may have a harder time accepting a new stepparent and adjusting to the new family dynamic. For example, a teenager may struggle with feelings of resentment and resistance towards a new stepparent, while a younger child may be more open to forming a bond with them.
The relationship with the stepparent is another important factor in a child's adjustment following a custodial parent's remarriage. A positive and supportive relationship with the stepparent can greatly contribute to the child's well-being and adjustment. However, a strained or conflict-ridden relationship with the stepparent can lead to feelings of stress and insecurity for the child. For example, a child who feels accepted and loved by their new stepparent may be more likely to embrace the changes brought about by the remarriage, while a child who feels rejected or ignored by the stepparent may struggle to adjust.
In conclusion, the quality of the parent-child relationship, the age of the child, and the relationship with the stepparent are all important factors that can impact a child's adjustment following a custodial parent's remarriage. It is crucial for parents and stepparents to be mindful of these factors and to provide the necessary support and understanding to help children navigate the challenges of remarriage.
Describe the four parenting styles identified by Diana Baumrind. For each style, describe how it is defined, as well as its effects on children.
Why do some children seem fine following a divorce whereas others do poorly? Describe three factors likely to decrease children's risk for poor adjustment and three factors likely to increase children's risk. Explain the role these factors play.
Describe how the effects of non-maternal child care appear to differ for children from low-income families versus children from working-class families. Why do you believe these differences exist? Give specific examples to support your argument.
(37) Write a brief article for a parenting magazine describing the good and bad qualities of sibling relationships. Also describe what parents can do to help the older sibling adjust to the addition of a new family member.
(40) Describe the child development outcomes that are associated with the authoritative style of parenting. Why is this parenting style associated with these types of outcomes for children?
(22) Describe the current psychological understanding of the effects of child care on children's attachment to their parents, levels of aggression, and cognitive development.
(37) Describe the family dynamics that may be involved when the Wen family, made up of a divorced mother and her three children-Jack, who is 4 years old; Kendall, who is 9 years old; and Ramie, who is 13 years old-is informed that Kendall has been in a serious car accident with a school friend. What are some possible effects on how the family operates as a whole and how might it affect the development of the three children in the family?
(31) Imagine a mother of a 4-year-old daughter and a 6-year-old son. She has been staying home full time with her children since her son was born, but now she is considering going back to work full time outside of the home. What advice could be given to her based on the research in this chapter? Would the advice be different if she had two girls rather than a boy and a girl? What about if she had two boys? Would the advice depend at all on why she is considering going back to work-because she wants to or because she has to in order to provide necessary additional family income? Why or why not?
(34) To what does the phrase "bidirectionality of parent‒child interactions" refer? Provide a detailed example of this phenomenon.
If you are not already a parent, has the information on the differences between younger and older parents had an impact on your thoughts about when would be ideal for you to become a parent? If you are already a parent, what have you learned from this information that influences your perspective on the age at which you had your children?
(38) Design an intervention for low-SES families to improve parenting style. Identify three aspects of parent behaviour that will be targeted, how attempts will be made to improve the behaviours, and what results should be expected in terms of parenting style and child outcome. Be specific as to how it will be determined whether the intervention has been successful.
(40) Think about a personality characteristic that most people would find appealing or important. Think also about a personality characteristic that most people find particularly unappealing or unlikable. Using the three means of parent socialization-direct instruction, indirect socialization, and social management-describe how parents might socialize each of these two characteristics. Be specific and provide examples.
(30) Dana and Gerry's 9-year-old son is particularly kind and considerate. Using the three means of parent socialization-direct instruction, indirect socialization, and social management-describe how Dana and Gerry might have socialized their son's kindness and consideration. Which of the three means of parental socialization might Dana and Gerry have used intentionally? Be specific and provide examples.
(31) Researchers have suggested that general parenting style influences the impact that specific parenting practices have on children, as well as children's receptiveness to parents' practices. Give two examples from your own life (or from the life of someone you know) to support this notion.
(34) Imagine a mother who is going through the process of divorce. What advice could be given to her to help her in improving her children's adjustment following the divorce? Be specific.
(34) Describe how the sociocultural context in which you grew up might have affected your parents' behaviour toward you. Be specific and give at least three supportive examples. You can think about the sociocultural context as your race or ethnicity, or as the country or part of the country in which you were raised.
(33) Describe what is meant by differential susceptibility. Provide an example of how children with a difficult temperament may be differentially susceptible to parenting style.
Gretchen, a 7-year-old, has just started taking gymnastics class for the first time. After two classes, she decides she does not want to go anymore. Describe how parents exhibiting each of the four parenting styles identified by Baumrind might react to Gretchen's decision.
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