Exam 4: Section 2: Theories of Cognitive Development

Miguel is sitting in his high chair at breakfast time. As if to drive his parents crazy, Miguel picks up each and every piece of food, from mushy peaches to crunchy Cheerios, and drops it onto the floor. Sometimes he drops just one piece, and sometimes he drops multiple pieces simultaneously, as though he wants to see whether there is a difference in the result. As he drops each piece, he carefully watches as it hits the floor. According to Piaget, Miguel is MOST likely to be at what age?

Which statement about guided participation is true?

According to dynamic-systems theories, _____ is NOT related to children's selection among alternative approaches to a problem.

Jacob and his mother are driving home from school. Jacob, who is sitting in the back seat behind his mother, is telling a story about his foot getting hurt. Of course, his mother, who is driving, cannot see his foot, but Jacob keeps pointing to his foot, saying, "Mommy, see where I have my boo-boo?" Jacob is suffering from:

Private speech is conceived of by Vygotsky as a(n):

Accommodation refers to the process by which children:

Children first come to reason logically about features of the world in Piaget's _____ stage.

Which individual would be MOST likely to engage in overt private speech?

Which list BEST represents the phases of Piaget's equilibration process?

An experimenter shows a child two clay "sausages" that are identical in size and shape and then allows the child to watch as she rolls one of the clay sausages into a longer, thinner sausage. The experimenter then asks the child whether the two clay sausages still contain the same amount of clay. This experiment was designed to examine:

_____ theory focuses on how children's interactions with other people guide cognitive development.

With which statement about planning would information-processing theorists NOT agree?

Which behaviour is considered a basic process by information-processing theorists?

Jacob and his mother are driving home from school. Jacob, who is sitting in the back seat behind his mother, is telling a story about his foot getting hurt. Of course, his mother, who is driving, cannot see his foot, but Jacob keeps pointing to his foot, saying, "Mommy, see where I have my boo-boo?" According to Piaget's stages, Jacob would MOST likely be under the age of:

A study by Smith, Thelen, and colleagues concluded that the A-not-B task is influenced by motor activities and attention. This conclusion was reached from within the _____ approach.

Individual variability in the development of walking would be most interesting to psychologists within which perspective?

Piaget believed that the best way for children to learn is through:

The experiment in which Piaget asks what a doll would see if it were sitting in a chair across the table from the child was designed to examine:

The study involving American and Chinese college students who were asked to solve two problems, one that required a solution similar to the strategy in the Hansel and Gretel story and one that required a solution similar to a strategy in a Chinese fairy tale, demonstrated the impact of _____ on analogical reasoning.

According to sociocultural theories, helping children with _____ is considered an important way that parents use scaffolding.