Question 1

According to Erikson, if adolescents do not successfully develop a core sense of identity, they will experience:

Accepted Answer

A)  mistrust. 
B)  role confusion. 
C)  isolation. 
D)  shame and doubt. 
A)  mistrust. 
B)  role confusion. 
C)  isolation. 
D)  shame and doubt. B

Question 2

Repeated exposure to a feared object or experience in order to reduce fear is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A)  systematic desensitization. 
B)  operant conditioning. 
C)  behaviour modification. 
D)  classical conditioning. 
A)  systematic desensitization. 
B)  operant conditioning. 
C)  behaviour modification. 
D)  classical conditioning. A

Question 3

Bandura's "Bobo" doll study did NOT demonstrate that:

Accepted Answer

A)  children can learn through imitation. 
B)  children's behaviour may be inconsistent with what they have learned. 
C)  seeing others rewarded and punished can influence a child's behaviour. 
D)  reinforcement is necessary for learning. 
A)  children can learn through imitation. 
B)  children's behaviour may be inconsistent with what they have learned. 
C)  seeing others rewarded and punished can influence a child's behaviour. 
D)  reinforcement is necessary for learning. D

Question 4

The goal of the ego is to:

Accepted Answer

A)  link the individual to the external world. 
B)  maximize the individual's pleasure. 
C)  control the individual's behaviour on the basis of moral beliefs. 
D)  seek security for the individual. 
A)  link the individual to the external world. 
B)  maximize the individual's pleasure. 
C)  control the individual's behaviour on the basis of moral beliefs. 
D)  seek security for the individual.

Question 5

According to the text, which type of praise or criticism would be MOST likely to be associated with children developing an incremental/mastery orientation in response to failure?

Accepted Answer

A)  "I think you need to try harder." 
B)  "You're very smart at these problems." 
C)  "You just can't do math." 
D)  "I'm proud of you." 
A)  "I think you need to try harder." 
B)  "You're very smart at these problems." 
C)  "You just can't do math." 
D)  "I'm proud of you."

Question 6

A person who believes that intelligence is fixed is considered by Dweck and her colleagues to have a(n) _____ theory of intelligence.

Accepted Answer

A)  learning 
B)  entity 
C)  incremental 
D)  mastery 
A)  learning 
B)  entity 
C)  incremental 
D)  mastery

Question 7

Which statement is an example of reciprocal determinism?

Accepted Answer

A)  A child becomes fearful of snakes after being bitten by one. 
B)  A child who tends to treat others with kindness influences her peers' behaviour, which in turn influences the child. 
C)  A child with poor academic self-efficacy is more likely than other children to withdraw from school work. 
D)  A child continues to throw temper tantrums because he gets what he wants as a result. 
A)  A child becomes fearful of snakes after being bitten by one. 
B)  A child who tends to treat others with kindness influences her peers' behaviour, which in turn influences the child. 
C)  A child with poor academic self-efficacy is more likely than other children to withdraw from school work. 
D)  A child continues to throw temper tantrums because he gets what he wants as a result.

Question 8

Which characteristic is common in affluent families?

Accepted Answer

A)  academic pressure 
B)  diminished family time 
C)  unsupervised time at home 
D)  all of these 
A)  academic pressure 
B)  diminished family time 
C)  unsupervised time at home 
D)  all of these

Question 9

In Canada, approximately what percentage of male children have been diagnosed with ADHD?

Accepted Answer

A)  2% 
B)  4% 
C)  7% 
D)  8% 
A)  2% 
B)  4% 
C)  7% 
D)  8%

Question 10

Watson employed _____ to create fear of a white rat in "Little Albert."

Accepted Answer

A)  systematic desensitization 
B)  operant conditioning 
C)  classical conditioning 
D)  role taking 
A)  systematic desensitization 
B)  operant conditioning 
C)  classical conditioning 
D)  role taking

Question 11

Psychoanalytic theories emphasize:

Accepted Answer

A)  social reasoning. 
B)  external factors as sources of development. 
C)  discontinuity of development. 
D)  the importance of cognitive factors in development. 
A)  social reasoning. 
B)  external factors as sources of development. 
C)  discontinuity of development. 
D)  the importance of cognitive factors in development.

Question 12

The id is ruled by:

Accepted Answer

A)  the conscience. 
B)  the pleasure principle. 
C)  conscious impulses. 
D)  the reality principle. 
A)  the conscience. 
B)  the pleasure principle. 
C)  conscious impulses. 
D)  the reality principle.

Question 13

Which theorist claimed that he could train any child to become any kind of specialist, regardless of the characteristics of the child's ancestors?

Accepted Answer

A)  Skinner 
B)  Watson 
C)  Freud 
D)  Bandura 
A)  Skinner 
B)  Watson 
C)  Freud 
D)  Bandura

Question 14

Bronfenbrenner was the founder of:

Accepted Answer

A)  the bioecological model. 
B)  the theory of social cognition. 
C)  the psychosexual perspective. 
D)  behaviourism. 
A)  the bioecological model. 
B)  the theory of social cognition. 
C)  the psychosexual perspective. 
D)  behaviourism.

Question 15

According to Erikson, if a person does not successfully resolve the conflict of a particular stage, the person:

Accepted Answer

A)  becomes fixated on the needs of that stage. 
B)  makes hostile attributions. 
C)  develops infantile amnesia. 
D)  continues to struggle with the issue. 
A)  becomes fixated on the needs of that stage. 
B)  makes hostile attributions. 
C)  develops infantile amnesia. 
D)  continues to struggle with the issue.

Question 16

Which characteristic does NOT describe the id?

Accepted Answer

A)  unconscious 
B)  dark 
C)  inaccessible 
D)  realistic 
A)  unconscious 
B)  dark 
C)  inaccessible 
D)  realistic

Question 17

On which point do Freud and current developmental psychologists disagree?

Accepted Answer

A)  existence of infantile amnesia 
B)  effect of repression on early memory 
C)  importance of close early relationships 
D)  idea that much of human behaviour stems from unconscious processes 
A)  existence of infantile amnesia 
B)  effect of repression on early memory 
C)  importance of close early relationships 
D)  idea that much of human behaviour stems from unconscious processes

Question 18

The behaviour modification strategy of "time out" is based on the idea that _____ is a positive reinforcement.

Accepted Answer

A)  whining 
B)  learning 
C)  withdrawal 
D)  attention 
A)  whining 
B)  learning 
C)  withdrawal 
D)  attention

Question 19

Contemporary learning theorists emphasize the importance of _____ on children's development.

Accepted Answer

A)  cognitive factors 
B)  internal forces 
C)  subjective experience 
D)  context 
A)  cognitive factors 
B)  internal forces 
C)  subjective experience 
D)  context

Question 20

According to Freud, _____ experience penis envy.

Accepted Answer

A)  girls 
B)  boys 
C)  both girls and boys 
D)  neither girls nor boys 
A)  girls 
B)  boys 
C)  both girls and boys 
D)  neither girls nor boys

Exam 9: Section 2: Theories of Social Development

According to Erikson, if adolescents do not successfully develop a core sense of identity, they will experience:

Repeated exposure to a feared object or experience in order to reduce fear is referred to as:

Bandura's "Bobo" doll study did NOT demonstrate that:

The goal of the ego is to:

According to the text, which type of praise or criticism would be MOST likely to be associated with children developing an incremental/mastery orientation in response to failure?

A person who believes that intelligence is fixed is considered by Dweck and her colleagues to have a(n) _____ theory of intelligence.

Which statement is an example of reciprocal determinism?

Which characteristic is common in affluent families?

In Canada, approximately what percentage of male children have been diagnosed with ADHD?

Watson employed _____ to create fear of a white rat in "Little Albert."

Psychoanalytic theories emphasize:

The id is ruled by:

Which theorist claimed that he could train any child to become any kind of specialist, regardless of the characteristics of the child's ancestors?

Bronfenbrenner was the founder of:

According to Erikson, if a person does not successfully resolve the conflict of a particular stage, the person:

Which characteristic does NOT describe the id?

On which point do Freud and current developmental psychologists disagree?

The behaviour modification strategy of "time out" is based on the idea that _____ is a positive reinforcement.

Contemporary learning theorists emphasize the importance of _____ on children's development.

According to Freud, _____ experience penis envy.

Section 1: An Introduction to Child Development

Section 2: An Introduction to Child Development

Section 1: Prenatal Development and the Newborn Period

Section 2: Prenatal Development and the Newborn Period

Section 1: Biology and Behavior

Section 2: Biology and Behavior

Section 1: Theories of Cognitive Development

Section 2: Theories of Cognitive Development

Seeing, Thinking, and Doing in Infancy

Development of Language and Symbol Use

Section 1: Conceptual Development

Section 2: Conceptual Development

Section 1: Intelligence and Academic Achievement

Section 2: Intelligence and Academic Achievement

Section 1: Theories of Social Development

Section 1: Emotional Development

Section 2: Emotional Development

Section 1: Attachment to Others and Development of Self

Section 2: Attachment to Others and Development of Self

Section 1: The Family

Section 2: The Family

Section 1: Peer Relationship

Section 2: Peer Relationship

Section 1: Moral Development

Section 2: Moral Development

Section 1: Gender Development

Section 2: Gender Development

Section 1: Conclusions

Section 2: Conclusions

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