Question 1

According to Kohlberg's theory of gender-role development, children begin to imitate same-sex models when they:

Accepted Answer

A)  have established gender identity. 
B)  are rewarded. 
C)  have achieved gender constancy. 
D)  have constructed gender schemas. 
A)  have established gender identity. 
B)  are rewarded. 
C)  have achieved gender constancy. 
D)  have constructed gender schemas. C

Question 2

Which assertion provides the BEST support for the perspective of gender schema theory on gender differences?

Accepted Answer

A)  Boys have more opportunity to observe the behaviour of men, and girls have more opportunity to observe the behaviour of women. 
B)  Girls and boys have different play styles from a very early age, and gender segregation is initiated by children starting at least by preschool age. 
C)  Children remember gender-consistent information better than they remember gender-inconsistent information. 
D)  Boys are more likely than girls to engage in rough-and-tumble play. 
A)  Boys have more opportunity to observe the behaviour of men, and girls have more opportunity to observe the behaviour of women. 
B)  Girls and boys have different play styles from a very early age, and gender segregation is initiated by children starting at least by preschool age. 
C)  Children remember gender-consistent information better than they remember gender-inconsistent information. 
D)  Boys are more likely than girls to engage in rough-and-tumble play. C

Question 3

Which theory BEST explains the perpetuation of stereotypes that have little or no basis in reality?

Accepted Answer

A)  gender schema theory 
B)  evolutionary theory 
C)  Kohlberg's cognitive developmental theory 
D)  social learning theory 
A)  gender schema theory 
B)  evolutionary theory 
C)  Kohlberg's cognitive developmental theory 
D)  social learning theory A

Question 4

Children who heard a story that featured a character engaging in a gender-inconsistent manner tended to:

Accepted Answer

A)  accurately remember the information. 
B)  distort the information. 
C)  accurately encode the information. 
D)  process the information at a deep level. 
A)  accurately remember the information. 
B)  distort the information. 
C)  accurately encode the information. 
D)  process the information at a deep level.

Question 5

Which statement about the general intelligence of girls and boys is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Boys tend to score slightly higher in general intelligence. 
B)  Boys tend to score much higher in general intelligence. 
C)  The general intelligence of boys and girls tends to be equivalent. 
D)  Boys tend to score slightly lower in general intelligence. 
A)  Boys tend to score slightly higher in general intelligence. 
B)  Boys tend to score much higher in general intelligence. 
C)  The general intelligence of boys and girls tends to be equivalent. 
D)  Boys tend to score slightly lower in general intelligence.

Question 6

Which list places Kohlberg's stages in the correct developmental sequence?

Accepted Answer

A)  gender stability, gender constancy, gender identity 
B)  gender constancy, gender stability, gender identity 
C)  gender identity, gender stability, gender constancy 
D)  gender identity, gender constancy, gender stability 
A)  gender stability, gender constancy, gender identity 
B)  gender constancy, gender stability, gender identity 
C)  gender identity, gender stability, gender constancy 
D)  gender identity, gender constancy, gender stability

Question 7

According to social cognitive theory, learning occurs through all of these modes EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  age-related brain development. 
B)  direct teaching. 
C)  experiencing the reactions one's behaviour evokes in others. 
D)  modeling. 
A)  age-related brain development. 
B)  direct teaching. 
C)  experiencing the reactions one's behaviour evokes in others. 
D)  modeling.

Question 8

Which question would be asked by children who have acquired a gender identity?

Accepted Answer

A)  "Am I a boy or a girl?" 
B)  "Will I always be a girl?" 
C)  "Am I still a girl if I have short hair and like to play football?" 
D)  All of these questions might be asked by such children. 
A)  "Am I a boy or a girl?" 
B)  "Will I always be a girl?" 
C)  "Am I still a girl if I have short hair and like to play football?" 
D)  All of these questions might be asked by such children.

Question 9

At approximately what age do children start to demonstrate a clear understanding that gender roles are social conventions as opposed to biological outcomes?

Accepted Answer

A)  5 years 
B)  7 years 
C)  9 years 
D)  11 years 
A)  5 years 
B)  7 years 
C)  9 years 
D)  11 years

Question 10

On average, differences in men's and women's communication and interpersonal goals have been found to be _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  minimal 
B)  nonexistent 
C)  moderate 
D)  large 
A)  minimal 
B)  nonexistent 
C)  moderate 
D)  large

Question 11

Activating influences of androgens on the nervous system occur when:

Accepted Answer

A)  fluctuations in sex-linked hormones influence brain and behavioural responses. 
B)  differences in brain structure result in gender differences in abilities. 
C)  individuals self-socialize as a result of sex-linked hormonal influences. 
D)  sex-linked hormones affect brain differentiation. 
A)  fluctuations in sex-linked hormones influence brain and behavioural responses. 
B)  differences in brain structure result in gender differences in abilities. 
C)  individuals self-socialize as a result of sex-linked hormonal influences. 
D)  sex-linked hormones affect brain differentiation.

Question 12

Which statement about males' and females' experience of sexual harassment is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sexual harassment is commonly experienced by both boys and girls. 
B)  Most sexual harassment occurs online. 
C)  Most perpetrators of sexual harassment are teachers or other adults. 
D)  Same-gender harassment is more likely to happen to girls than to boys. 
A)  Sexual harassment is commonly experienced by both boys and girls. 
B)  Most sexual harassment occurs online. 
C)  Most perpetrators of sexual harassment are teachers or other adults. 
D)  Same-gender harassment is more likely to happen to girls than to boys.

Question 13

During which period does gender segregation appear?

Accepted Answer

A)  toddlerhood 
B)  preschool years 
C)  early childhood 
D)  middle childhood 
A)  toddlerhood 
B)  preschool years 
C)  early childhood 
D)  middle childhood

Question 14

Which assertion would provide the BEST support for the evolutionary psychological perspective on gender differences?

Accepted Answer

A)  Boys have more opportunity to observe the behaviour of men, and girls have more opportunity to observe the behaviour of women. 
B)  Girls and boys have different play styles from a very early age, and gender segregation is initiated by children starting at least by preschool age. 
C)  Children remember gender-consistent information better than they remember gender-inconsistent information. 
D)  Boys are more likely than girls to engage in rough-and-tumble play. 
A)  Boys have more opportunity to observe the behaviour of men, and girls have more opportunity to observe the behaviour of women. 
B)  Girls and boys have different play styles from a very early age, and gender segregation is initiated by children starting at least by preschool age. 
C)  Children remember gender-consistent information better than they remember gender-inconsistent information. 
D)  Boys are more likely than girls to engage in rough-and-tumble play.

Question 15

Studies of individuals whose gender identification does not match their observable genitalia have demonstrated the:

Accepted Answer

A)  dominance of gender identification over socialization. 
B)  importance of gender constancy. 
C)  irrelevance of hormones in gender-typed behaviour. 
D)  dominance of socialization over gender identification. 
A)  dominance of gender identification over socialization. 
B)  importance of gender constancy. 
C)  irrelevance of hormones in gender-typed behaviour. 
D)  dominance of socialization over gender identification.

Question 16

Menarche is defined as the onset of:

Accepted Answer

A)  puberty. 
B)  menstruation. 
C)  body image problems. 
D)  sexual attraction. 
A)  puberty. 
B)  menstruation. 
C)  body image problems. 
D)  sexual attraction.

Question 17

Which statement about parents' influences on boys' and girls' cognitive development and achievement is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Parents' beliefs about boys' and girls' potential are similar for male and female children until children begin to display gender-typed differences in interests or achievement. 
B)  Parents of males and parents of females tend to have similar rates of verbal interaction with their children. 
C)  Parents communicate gender-stereotyped expectations through differential encouragement. 
D)  All of these statements are true. 
A)  Parents' beliefs about boys' and girls' potential are similar for male and female children until children begin to display gender-typed differences in interests or achievement. 
B)  Parents of males and parents of females tend to have similar rates of verbal interaction with their children. 
C)  Parents communicate gender-stereotyped expectations through differential encouragement. 
D)  All of these statements are true.

Question 18

Kendra is 10 years old. When presented with a story of a girl who likes to work on cars, Kendra will likely say that the girl _____ be allowed to work on cars, and/but she _____ be teased for doing that.

Accepted Answer

A)  should; probably will not 
B)  should not; probably will 
C)  should; probably will 
D)  should not; probably will not 
A)  should; probably will not 
B)  should not; probably will 
C)  should; probably will 
D)  should not; probably will not

Question 19

A class of hormones that are typically thought of as male hormones are:

Accepted Answer

A)  androgens. 
B)  estrogens. 
C)  pheromones. 
D)  spermones. 
A)  androgens. 
B)  estrogens. 
C)  pheromones. 
D)  spermones.

Question 20

Boys' more frequent focus on _____ likely leads to increased aggression.

Accepted Answer

A)  affiliative traits 
B)  dominance goals 
C)  the ineffectiveness of their actions 
D)  empathy when someone gets hurt 
A)  affiliative traits 
B)  dominance goals 
C)  the ineffectiveness of their actions 
D)  empathy when someone gets hurt

Exam 15: Section 2: Gender Development

According to Kohlberg's theory of gender-role development, children begin to imitate same-sex models when they:

Which assertion provides the BEST support for the perspective of gender schema theory on gender differences?

Which theory BEST explains the perpetuation of stereotypes that have little or no basis in reality?

Children who heard a story that featured a character engaging in a gender-inconsistent manner tended to:

Which statement about the general intelligence of girls and boys is true?

Which list places Kohlberg's stages in the correct developmental sequence?

According to social cognitive theory, learning occurs through all of these modes EXCEPT:

Which question would be asked by children who have acquired a gender identity?

At approximately what age do children start to demonstrate a clear understanding that gender roles are social conventions as opposed to biological outcomes?

On average, differences in men's and women's communication and interpersonal goals have been found to be _____.

Activating influences of androgens on the nervous system occur when:

Which statement about males' and females' experience of sexual harassment is true?

During which period does gender segregation appear?

Which assertion would provide the BEST support for the evolutionary psychological perspective on gender differences?

Studies of individuals whose gender identification does not match their observable genitalia have demonstrated the:

Menarche is defined as the onset of:

Which statement about parents' influences on boys' and girls' cognitive development and achievement is true?

Kendra is 10 years old. When presented with a story of a girl who likes to work on cars, Kendra will likely say that the girl _____ be allowed to work on cars, and/but she _____ be teased for doing that.

A class of hormones that are typically thought of as male hormones are:

Boys' more frequent focus on _____ likely leads to increased aggression.

Section 1: An Introduction to Child Development

Section 2: An Introduction to Child Development

Section 1: Prenatal Development and the Newborn Period

Section 2: Prenatal Development and the Newborn Period

Section 1: Biology and Behavior

Section 2: Biology and Behavior

Section 1: Theories of Cognitive Development

Section 2: Theories of Cognitive Development

Seeing, Thinking, and Doing in Infancy

Development of Language and Symbol Use

Section 1: Conceptual Development

Section 2: Conceptual Development

Section 1: Intelligence and Academic Achievement

Section 2: Intelligence and Academic Achievement

Section 1: Theories of Social Development

Section 2: Theories of Social Development

Section 1: Emotional Development

Section 2: Emotional Development

Section 1: Attachment to Others and Development of Self

Section 2: Attachment to Others and Development of Self

Section 1: The Family

Section 2: The Family

Section 1: Peer Relationship

Section 2: Peer Relationship

Section 1: Moral Development

Section 2: Moral Development

Section 1: Gender Development

Section 1: Conclusions

Section 2: Conclusions

Filters

Kendra is 10 years old. When presented with a story of a girl who likes to work on cars, Kendra will likely say that the girl _ be allowed to work on cars, and/but she _ be teased for doing that.