Question 1

Reinforcement is to punishment as:

Accepted Answer

A) decrease is to increase. 
B) increase is to decrease. 
C) positive is to negative. 
D) giving is to receiving. 
A) decrease is to increase. 
B) increase is to decrease. 
C) positive is to negative. 
D) giving is to receiving. B

Question 2

Punishment is MOST effective ________.

Accepted Answer

A) in most circumstances 
B) when it occurs immediately after the undesired behavior 
C) when it is mildly aversive 
D) in surprisingly few situations 
A) in most circumstances 
B) when it occurs immediately after the undesired behavior 
C) when it is mildly aversive 
D) in surprisingly few situations B

Question 3

The partial reinforcement effect refers to the fact that a response that is reinforced after some,but not all,correct responses ____________.

Accepted Answer

A) will be more resistant to extinction than a response that receives continuous reinforcement (a reinforcer for each and every correct response) 
B) will be less resistant to extinction than a response that receives continuous reinforcement (a reinforcer for each and every correct response) 
C) will be more variable in its resistance to extinction than a response that receives continuous reinforcement (a reinforcer for each and every correct response) 
D) will be totally resistant to extinction unlike a response that receives continuous reinforcement (a reinforcer for each and every correct response) 
A) will be more resistant to extinction than a response that receives continuous reinforcement (a reinforcer for each and every correct response) 
B) will be less resistant to extinction than a response that receives continuous reinforcement (a reinforcer for each and every correct response) 
C) will be more variable in its resistance to extinction than a response that receives continuous reinforcement (a reinforcer for each and every correct response) 
D) will be totally resistant to extinction unlike a response that receives continuous reinforcement (a reinforcer for each and every correct response) A

Question 4

What is the difference between negative reinforcement and punishment?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the difference between negative reinforcement...

Question 5

Who is best known for studying the phenomenon of insight in animals?

Accepted Answer

A) Köhler 
B) Tolman 
C) Seligman 
D) Skinner 
A) Köhler 
B) Tolman 
C) Seligman 
D) Skinner

Question 6

Generally,it is best to present the CS followed immediately by the US for conditioning to occur.One exception to this rule is illustrated by:

Accepted Answer

A) food aversions. 
B) conditioning voluntary responses. 
C) tactile aversions. 
D) conditioning eye blink responses. 
A) food aversions. 
B) conditioning voluntary responses. 
C) tactile aversions. 
D) conditioning eye blink responses.

Question 7

According to Rescorla's theory,the CS must _______ the UCS or conditioning does not occur.

Accepted Answer

A) replace 
B) come after 
C) appear simultaneously with 
D) predict 
A) replace 
B) come after 
C) appear simultaneously with 
D) predict

Question 8

A child is punished and temporarily stops his or her well-established bad behavior.However,the child soon goes back to acting badly.This is probably because _________.

Accepted Answer

A) the effects of punishment have habituated 
B) punishment is known only to temporarily suppress or inhibit a behavior 
C) the bad behavior has spontaneously recovered 
D) the conditional emotional response to the punishment has generalized to another behavior 
A) the effects of punishment have habituated 
B) punishment is known only to temporarily suppress or inhibit a behavior 
C) the bad behavior has spontaneously recovered 
D) the conditional emotional response to the punishment has generalized to another behavior

Question 9

John has been working on a math problem late at night without success;he falls aslee

Accepted Answer

A) observational learning 
B) latent learning 
C) insight learning 
D) cognitive learning 
A) observational learning 
B) latent learning 
C) insight learning 
D) cognitive learning

Question 10

Which strategy will NOT increase the effects of punishment?

Accepted Answer

A) making the punishment occur only on a partial,sporadic schedule 
B) making the punishment consistent 
C) pairing punishment of the wrong behavior with reinforcement of the correct behavior 
D) having the punishment immediately follow the behavior it is meant to punish 
A) making the punishment occur only on a partial,sporadic schedule 
B) making the punishment consistent 
C) pairing punishment of the wrong behavior with reinforcement of the correct behavior 
D) having the punishment immediately follow the behavior it is meant to punish

Question 11

Getting paid for each basket of apples you gather represents which schedule of reinforcement?

Accepted Answer

A) Fixed interval 
B) Fixed ratio 
C) Variable ratio 
D) Variable interval 
A) Fixed interval 
B) Fixed ratio 
C) Variable ratio 
D) Variable interval

Question 12

The idea that learning occurs and is stored up,even when behaviors are not reinforced,is called ______.

Accepted Answer

A) insight 
B) latent learning 
C) placebo learning 
D) innate learning 
A) insight 
B) latent learning 
C) placebo learning 
D) innate learning

Question 13

A Congressional hearing is taking place in Washington,DC.The representatives are discussing whether the portrayals of violence on children's TV shows are perhaps contributing to the violence we see in schools today.The work of what psychologist is most relevant to their discussions?

Accepted Answer

A) Bandura 
B) Tolman 
C) Skinner 
D) Pavlov 
A) Bandura 
B) Tolman 
C) Skinner 
D) Pavlov

Question 14

Fred is afraid of spiders.He won't even watch a nature show on TV about them.When he sees a picture of a spider,he has a panic attack,but when he avoids looking at the image,his panic goes away.Fred's avoidance of spiders is being __________________.

Accepted Answer

A) extinguished,because he feels anxious after doing so 
B) recovered spontaneously,because he will never get better 
C) positively reinforced,because he is rewarded by his anxiety going down 
D) negatively reinforced,because he is rewarded by his anxiety going down 
A) extinguished,because he feels anxious after doing so 
B) recovered spontaneously,because he will never get better 
C) positively reinforced,because he is rewarded by his anxiety going down 
D) negatively reinforced,because he is rewarded by his anxiety going down

Question 15

What would you predict about Little Albert based on the principle of spontaneous recovery?

Accepted Answer

A) Even after his fear of a rat was extinguished,the fear could come back. 
B) After his fear of loud noises was extinguished,the fear could come back. 
C) His fear of rats would disappear if he saw a rat without hearing a loud noise. 
D) His fear of loud noises would disappear if he heard a loud noise without a rat present. 
A) Even after his fear of a rat was extinguished,the fear could come back. 
B) After his fear of loud noises was extinguished,the fear could come back. 
C) His fear of rats would disappear if he saw a rat without hearing a loud noise. 
D) His fear of loud noises would disappear if he heard a loud noise without a rat present.

Question 16

For every 5 times that you go to the gym each week,you reward yourself with a treat.This best illustrates which of the following schedules of reinforcement?

Accepted Answer

A) fixed ratio 
B) variable ratio 
C) variable interval 
D) fixed interval 
A) fixed ratio 
B) variable ratio 
C) variable interval 
D) fixed interval

Question 17

Harmony notices that her cat salivates as soon as her cat hears the sound of Harmony opening a can with an electric can opener.In this example,the _______________ is the conditioned stimulus.

Accepted Answer

A) can of cat food 
B) sound of the electric can opener 
C) dish that Harmony puts the food in 
D) cat scurrying into the kitchen 
A) can of cat food 
B) sound of the electric can opener 
C) dish that Harmony puts the food in 
D) cat scurrying into the kitchen

Question 18

Cheryl is trying to teach her son to do the laundry by watching her.According to observational learning theory,to be effective what must occur?

Accepted Answer

A) Her son must always model the behavior immediately. 
B) Her son must be motivated to learn how to do the laundry. 
C) Her son must be able to complete other tasks while watching her. 
D) Cheryl must show her son how to do the laundry while she is making dinner. 
A) Her son must always model the behavior immediately. 
B) Her son must be motivated to learn how to do the laundry. 
C) Her son must be able to complete other tasks while watching her. 
D) Cheryl must show her son how to do the laundry while she is making dinner.

Question 19

An operant conditioning technique in which a learner gains conscious control over his or her own biological response is __________________.

Accepted Answer

A) biofeedback 
B) contingency training 
C) cellular training 
D) social learning 
A) biofeedback 
B) contingency training 
C) cellular training 
D) social learning

Question 20

Little Albert was conditioned to fear a:

Accepted Answer

A) white mouse. 
B) brown mouse. 
C) white rat. 
D) white puppy. 
A) white mouse. 
B) brown mouse. 
C) white rat. 
D) white puppy.

Reinforcement is to punishment as:

Punishment is MOST effective ________.

The partial reinforcement effect refers to the fact that a response that is reinforced after some,but not all,correct responses ____________.

What is the difference between negative reinforcement and punishment?

Who is best known for studying the phenomenon of insight in animals?

Generally,it is best to present the CS followed immediately by the US for conditioning to occur.One exception to this rule is illustrated by:

According to Rescorla's theory,the CS must _______ the UCS or conditioning does not occur.

A child is punished and temporarily stops his or her well-established bad behavior.However,the child soon goes back to acting badly.This is probably because _________.

John has been working on a math problem late at night without success;he falls aslee

Which strategy will NOT increase the effects of punishment?

Getting paid for each basket of apples you gather represents which schedule of reinforcement?

The idea that learning occurs and is stored up,even when behaviors are not reinforced,is called ______.

A Congressional hearing is taking place in Washington,DC.The representatives are discussing whether the portrayals of violence on children's TV shows are perhaps contributing to the violence we see in schools today.The work of what psychologist is most relevant to their discussions?

Fred is afraid of spiders.He won't even watch a nature show on TV about them.When he sees a picture of a spider,he has a panic attack,but when he avoids looking at the image,his panic goes away.Fred's avoidance of spiders is being __________________.

What would you predict about Little Albert based on the principle of spontaneous recovery?

For every 5 times that you go to the gym each week,you reward yourself with a treat.This best illustrates which of the following schedules of reinforcement?

Harmony notices that her cat salivates as soon as her cat hears the sound of Harmony opening a can with an electric can opener.In this example,the _______________ is the conditioned stimulus.

Cheryl is trying to teach her son to do the laundry by watching her.According to observational learning theory,to be effective what must occur?

An operant conditioning technique in which a learner gains conscious control over his or her own biological response is __________________.

Little Albert was conditioned to fear a:

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Exam 5: Learning

Reinforcement is to punishment as:

Punishment is MOST effective ________.

The partial reinforcement effect refers to the fact that a response that is reinforced after some,but not all,correct responses ____________.

What is the difference between negative reinforcement and punishment?

Who is best known for studying the phenomenon of insight in animals?

Generally,it is best to present the CS followed immediately by the US for conditioning to occur.One exception to this rule is illustrated by:

According to Rescorla's theory,the CS must _______ the UCS or conditioning does not occur.

A child is punished and temporarily stops his or her well-established bad behavior.However,the child soon goes back to acting badly.This is probably because _________.

John has been working on a math problem late at night without success;he falls aslee

Which strategy will NOT increase the effects of punishment?

Getting paid for each basket of apples you gather represents which schedule of reinforcement?

The idea that learning occurs and is stored up,even when behaviors are not reinforced,is called ______.

A Congressional hearing is taking place in Washington,DC.The representatives are discussing whether the portrayals of violence on children's TV shows are perhaps contributing to the violence we see in schools today.The work of what psychologist is most relevant to their discussions?

Fred is afraid of spiders.He won't even watch a nature show on TV about them.When he sees a picture of a spider,he has a panic attack,but when he avoids looking at the image,his panic goes away.Fred's avoidance of spiders is being __________________.

What would you predict about Little Albert based on the principle of spontaneous recovery?

For every 5 times that you go to the gym each week,you reward yourself with a treat.This best illustrates which of the following schedules of reinforcement?

Harmony notices that her cat salivates as soon as her cat hears the sound of Harmony opening a can with an electric can opener.In this example,the _______________ is the conditioned stimulus.

Cheryl is trying to teach her son to do the laundry by watching her.According to observational learning theory,to be effective what must occur?

An operant conditioning technique in which a learner gains conscious control over his or her own biological response is __________________.

Little Albert was conditioned to fear a:

The Science of Psychology

Biological Perspective

Sensation and Perception

Consciousness: Sleep, Dreams, Hypnosis, and Drugs

Memory

Cognition: Thinking, Intelligence, and Language

Development Across the Life Span

Motivation and Emotion

Sexuality and Gender

Stress and Health

Social Psychology

Theories of Personality

Psychological Disorders

Psychological Therapies

I Psychology in Action

Filters