Exam 5: Learning

Observational learning theory's foremost proponent is ______.

The current view of why classical conditioning works the way it does,advanced by Rescorla and others,adds the concept of _____________ to conditioning theory.

Using continuous reinforcement is the best way to prevent a response from becoming extinguished.

"If a response is followed by a pleasurable consequence,it will tend to be repeated.If a response is followed by an unpleasant consequence,it will tend not to be repeated." This is a statement of ________________.

Conditioned taste aversions are an example of something called __________.

Some researchers believe that classical conditioning takes place only because:

Which letters correspond to the four elements of modeling from Bandura's theory?

Learning to make a reflex response to a stimulus other than to the original,natural stimulus is called ________________.

Bob has learned that he can usually get what he wants from his parents if he keeps whining for something.One day Bob starts whining in the toy store because he wants a GI JOE action figure.His father refuses to give it to him and ignores his whining.What will happen?

The tendency to respond to a stimulus that is similar to the original conditioned stimulus is called _____________.

In Pavlov's original experiment of classical conditioning,dogs learned to salivate at the sound of a metronome when the metronome was repeatedly paired with the presentation of food.The food is referred to as the unconditioned response.

For years,parents have wondered whether physical discipline of their children (spanking,for example)was an effective and acceptable practice.What findings from many research studies have promoted the idea that spanking a child may be a bad idea?

Unlike other schedules of reinforcement,________ results in a "scalloped" pattern of responses on a cumulative frequency graph.

A school issues tokens to the children for good behavior.This issue of a token is an example of ___________.

A discriminative stimulus is a stimulus that ______________.

In an experiment,two groups of dogs are given shocks to their feet.One group is able to escape the shocks by jumping over a barrier.The second group is harnessed and cannot escape.After several trials,both groups are put in situations where they CAN escape.The first group escapes the shocks but the second group just sits and whines,refusing to attempt to escape.The response of the second group is due to ______.

Give an example of an unconditioned stimulus.

As an infant,Stephanie received many penicillin injections from the doctor.When she later saw a photographer in a white coat that was similar to the doctor's coat,she started to cry.This is an example of _______________.

After Little Albert acquired a conditioned fear of rats,Watson wanted to see how he would react to a white rabbit,cotton wool,and a Santa Claus mask.He was studying whether or not _____________________ had occurred.

A person is connected to an electroencephalograph,a machine that records the brain's electrical activity.The person is reinforced when his or her pattern of brain waves changes in order to treat a disorder such as epilepsy.This technique is best called _________.