Exam 5: Learning

Why is money such a powerful secondary reinforcer? Why isn't it a primary reinforcer?

Of the following,________ would serve as a primary reinforcer for most people.

Changes controlled by a genetic blueprint,such as an increase in height or the size of the brain,are examples of ___________________.

A _____________________ reinforcer is any reward that satisfies a basic,biological need,such a hunger,thirst,or touch.

Which of the following statements is true about behavior modification?

What is likely to happen to rats that drink a saccharin solution and are then shocked?

In operant conditioning,_____________ is necessary to create the association between the stimulus and the repetition of a voluntary response.

You spend days wandering aimlessly around a park with many different paths that end at different parts of the park.One day when you arrive at the park you get a call on your cell phone from your cousin whom you haven't seen for years,and she says she is waiting for you in a particular section of the park.Even though the paths are complicated and twisted,you manage to find the shortest route to your cousin.Tolman would explain your efficient passage through the park as an example of ____________.

The person most closely associated with research on learned helplessness is ______.

Every time Maricella goes to work in the morning,she notices that her dog sulks in the corner of the room and looks very sad.Over several weeks,she notices that the dog gets unhappy when she picks up her car keys,immediately before leaving the house.Which phenomenon of learning best describes the dog's behavior?

A negative reinforcer is a stimulus that is ________ and,thus ________ the probability of a response.

Which learning theorist is responsible for the discovery of conditioned taste aversions?

When the CS is repeatedly presented in the absence of the UCS (food,in this case),the CR will "die out" in a process called ______________.

The person MOST closely associated with the Law of Effect is ______.

Mark and Kathy take their 2-year-old son to the supermarket every Saturday.Each week,the same sequence of events unfolds: Their son screams,demanding that they buy him treats.Although they refuse to give in to his demands,he continues to scream.Finally,either Mark or Kathy gets in their son's face and yells at the top of their lungs "Shut up!" He stops screaming instantly.What operant conditioning concepts are illustrated in this story?

The abbreviation UCS stands for ____________.

An important discovery stemming from Watson and Rayner's experiment was that:

Explain what learned helplessness is and describe how it develops.Also discuss the effects it has on people and animals once it is established.

A stimulus presented to a person or animal that decreases the probability of a particular response is known as __________.

In order to treat a child's attention problems in a classroom,a technique that uses the EEG and video-game-style technology called _____________ has been employed.