Exam 5: Learning

A conditioned stimulus is presented repeatedly without the paired presentation of the UCS.After time,the subject no longer makes the conditioned response.This fading of the CR is known as habituation.

Which schedule of reinforcement tends to get the highest response rate?

Think about our prison systems.Many folks think the role of the prison system is to punish people who break the law,and that we should have more prisons to punish more people.But let's look at what happens to the average burglar.If (s)he is caught, (s)he will probably not go to trial for a year or two and then is likely to get probation or a light sentence.If (s)he does go to prison, (s)he is unlikely to learn any useful skills and will meet other criminals who will probably not be good role models.Additionally, (s)he may not end up serving his/her entire sentence due to overcrowding conditions in prisons.Given what you know about operant learning principles,reinforcement,and punishment,critique the way our current prison system works and suggest some better ideas.Be sure to be specific about the principles that you have learned from our textbook.

A discriminative stimulus is typically viewed as ________.

Any behavior that is voluntary is referred to as a(n)_____________________.

In what ways might higher-order conditioning explain why some words trigger emotional responses in us? (a)Give an example of a positive response that could be formed through higher-order conditioning. (b)Give an example of a negative response that could be formed through higher-order conditioning. (c)In what ways might higher-order conditioning contribute to racism and prejudice?

What was the unconditioned stimulus (UCS)in the case of Little Albert?

You decide that you are going to condition your dog to salivate to the sound of a metronome.You sound the metronome and then several minutes later you give the dog a biscuit.You do this several times but no conditioning seems to occur.This is probably because _________.

Rescorla's modern conceptualization of classical conditioning is based on the idea that ______________.

Give an example of a conditioned taste aversion.

For observational learning to occur,each of the following must happen EXCEPT ______.

Which of the following types of brain imaging techniques does your textbook note can be used for neurofeedback data collection?

The fact that you prefer blondes because your last love interest was a blonde best illustrates ________.

Under what circumstances will a reinforcer make the target response more likely to occur again?

How can you tell the difference between an interval and a ratio schedule of partial reinforcement?

Dad is watching a home improvement show about how to install a new sink.He really wants to do it and watches the show intently.He knows that his wife will reward him when he is done.However,when he tests the new sink,water spurts everywhere.Taking the new sink apart,he finds that he has left out the crucial washers in the faucet assembly even though this was emphasized in the TV show.What part of Bandura's theory of the necessary components of observational learning is most likely the reason for this disaster?

A Congressional hearing is taking place in Washington,DC.The representatives are discussing whether the portrayals of violence on children's TV shows are perhaps contributing to the violence we see in schools today.What psychological process are the representatives probably considering as the reason that TV influences school violence?

Conditioned taste aversions are an example of something called __________.

The concept of latent learning was developed by ______.

In the context of classical conditioning,which of following components "elicits" a response?