Exam 5: Learning

Catching fish when fishing in a lake would most likely represent which of the following schedules of reinforcement?

What could John Watson have done to eliminate Little Albert's conditioned fear?

The reappearance of a learned response after extinction has occurred is called ______.

Sue noticed that whenever she opened the door to the pantry,her dog would come into the kitchen and act hungry,by drooling and whining.She thought that because the dog food was stored in the pantry,the sound of the door had become a(n)______.

What is spontaneous recovery in classical conditioning?

Current views of conditioning by psychologists,such as Rescorla,indicate that learning is completely automatic and has nothing to do with cognitive processes.

Karawynn Long attempted to toilet train her cat.The principle of learning that was in operation was _____________.

A box used in operant conditioning of animals that limits the available responses and,thus,increases the likelihood that the desired response will occur is called a ______.

What is the law of effect and who was responsible for its conceptualization?

A child learns that whenever he eats all of his dinner he gets a cookie for dessert.This type of learning is BEST explained by _______________.

Pavlov's model of classical conditioning was based on the idea that the conditioned stimulus,through its association close in time with the unconditioned stimulus,came to activate the same place in the animal's brain that was originally activated by the unconditioned stimulus.This was known as _____________.

In the "Little Albert" study,the fear-producing stimulus used as a UCS was the ______.

________ is an example of a primary reinforcer,whereas ________ is an example of a secondary reinforcer.

One might expect that classical conditioning was discovered by a psychologist.However,it was discovered by a ____________.

A behavioral psychologist tries to train a bird to climb a tree to get a reward of a piece of fruit.At first,the bird learns how to climb the tree with its legs and beak.After a while,it starts flapping its wings and hopping around before it starts to climb.Eventually,the bird flies up to the piece of fruit,even though that prevents it from getting the fruit.According to the Brelands' analysis of biological constraints,the bird is demonstrating ________.

Observational learning has been used to explain why children who watch violent television tend to behave more aggressively.Research has demonstrated that watching such television shows causes an increase in violent tendencies.

In Bandura's study with the Bobo doll,the children in the group who saw the model punished did not imitate the model at first.They would only imitate the model if given a reward for doing so.The fact that these children had obviously learned the behavior without actually performing it is an example of ____________.

The "aha" moment that indicates insight learning was first hypothesized by Tolman.

Who was one of the first researchers to explore and outline the laws of voluntary responses?

One day as your professor is driving to work,another driver runs through a red light and hits his car.The professor is shaken up but survives the incident.However,the next time he starts to enter the intersection,he becomes nervous and fearful.Soon,he starts going to work via another route to avoid the intersection even though this route adds twenty minutes to his commute in each direction. According to the principles of classical conditioning,why does the professor become scared of the previously harmless intersection? What can he do about this,as going via the other route is very time consuming? Be specific.Break down the situation into its parts,and show how the principles of learning apply.