Question 1

List three potential problem outcomes of misusing punishment with children.

Accepted Answer

Misusing punishment with children can le

Question 2

Human beings generally have an aversion to bitter and sour foods.Some researchers suggest that this is because foods that are inedible or even poisonous are often bitter or sour.The tendency of human beings to find these potentially harmful foods repulsive is an example of _____________________.

Accepted Answer

A) classical conditioning 
B) vicarious conditioning 
C) conditioned emotional response 
D) biological preparedness 
A) classical conditioning 
B) vicarious conditioning 
C) conditioned emotional response 
D) biological preparedness

Question 3

The Brelands tried to condition pigs to drop wooden coins into a bank.This turned out not to be easy as the pigs tended to make instinctual responses as compared to the learned responses.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Give an example of each of the four schedules of partial reinforcement,and comment on which schedule would be most likely to result in lasting behavioral change.

Accepted Answer

The four schedules of partial reinforcem

Question 5

The learning of phobias is a very good example of which certain type of classical conditioning?

Accepted Answer

A) instinctive drift 
B) innate learning 
C) conditioned taste aversion 
D) conditioned emotional response 
A) instinctive drift 
B) innate learning 
C) conditioned taste aversion 
D) conditioned emotional response

Question 6

In order to learn anything through observation,the learner must ____________.

Accepted Answer

A) pay attention to the model 
B) be able to retain the memory of the model's action 
C) be capable of reproducing the model's action 
D) All of these processes are necessary. 
A) pay attention to the model 
B) be able to retain the memory of the model's action 
C) be capable of reproducing the model's action 
D) All of these processes are necessary.

Question 7

Applied behavior analysis (ABA)has been used with autistic children.The basic principle of this form of behavior modification is ________.

Accepted Answer

A) partial reinforcement 
B) classical conditioning 
C) negative punishment 
D) shaping 
A) partial reinforcement 
B) classical conditioning 
C) negative punishment 
D) shaping

Question 8

The kind of learning that applies to voluntary behavior is called __________________.

Accepted Answer

A) operant conditioning 
B) classical conditioning 
C) effective based learning 
D) spontaneous recovery 
A) operant conditioning 
B) classical conditioning 
C) effective based learning 
D) spontaneous recovery

Question 9

________ classical conditioning,operant conditioning requires the organism to voluntarily produce the ________.

Accepted Answer

A) Like;response 
B) Unlike;response 
C) Unlike;consequence 
D) Like;stimulus 
A) Like;response 
B) Unlike;response 
C) Unlike;consequence 
D) Like;stimulus

Question 10

After bringing home a new cat,you quickly realize that you don't enjoy changing the litter box every few days.In order to avoid this odious task,you decide to attempt to train your pet to use a toilet.Thoroughly discuss the steps that you would use to train the animal,making sure to note which type of learning is being employed.

Accepted Answer

Training a cat to use a toilet can be a

Question 11

Which type of learning occurs when we observe how other people act?

Accepted Answer

A) insight learning 
B) operant conditioning 
C) classical conditioning 
D) observational learning 
A) insight learning 
B) operant conditioning 
C) classical conditioning 
D) observational learning

Question 12

An important example of conditioned taste aversions might be ____________.

Accepted Answer

A) chemotherapy patients losing their appetites for food served around the same time they had their treatments 
B) farmers leaving out sheep meat laced with a nauseating substance for coyotes to find in hopes of teaching them not to eat sheep 
C) Both of these are examples of taste aversions. 
D) Neither of these are examples of conditioned taste aversions. 
A) chemotherapy patients losing their appetites for food served around the same time they had their treatments 
B) farmers leaving out sheep meat laced with a nauseating substance for coyotes to find in hopes of teaching them not to eat sheep 
C) Both of these are examples of taste aversions. 
D) Neither of these are examples of conditioned taste aversions.

Question 13

What has occurred when there is a decrease in the likelihood or rate of a target response?

Accepted Answer

A) punishment 
B) positive reinforcement 
C) negative reinforcement 
D) positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement 
A) punishment 
B) positive reinforcement 
C) negative reinforcement 
D) positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement

Question 14

Pavlov conditioned a dog to salivate at a metronome sound that was paired with a meat stimulus.After the CS-UCS linkage was strongly established,Pavlov then presented the dog with several flashes of a light followed by the metronome sound.After a few days,when the light flashes were presented by themselves,the dog salivated.This is an example of ___________.

Accepted Answer

A) higher-order conditioning 
B) neoclassical conditioning 
C) generalization 
D) operant conditioning 
A) higher-order conditioning 
B) neoclassical conditioning 
C) generalization 
D) operant conditioning

Question 15

A mother tells a young child that when her father comes home,he will spank her because she was bad.One negative consequence of this punishment is that _________.

Accepted Answer

A) the child will hide from her father and try to avoid him 
B) the child will lie to her father and say she never was bad 
C) the child will experience fear and anxiety,which are emotions that do not promote learning. 
D) All of these negative consequences may occur as they are known consequences of punishment 
A) the child will hide from her father and try to avoid him 
B) the child will lie to her father and say she never was bad 
C) the child will experience fear and anxiety,which are emotions that do not promote learning. 
D) All of these negative consequences may occur as they are known consequences of punishment

Question 16

In Bandura's study of observational learning,the abbreviation AMIM stands for _____________.

Accepted Answer

A) attention,memory,imitation,motivation 
B) alertness,motivation,intent,monetary reward 
C) achievement,momentum,initiative,memory 
D) achievement,motivation,intellectual capacity,memory 
A) attention,memory,imitation,motivation 
B) alertness,motivation,intent,monetary reward 
C) achievement,momentum,initiative,memory 
D) achievement,motivation,intellectual capacity,memory

Question 17

Mary's parents want her to put her books in her bookcase.At first,they praise her for putting the books together in one pile.Then they praise her for getting the books on the same side of the room as the bookcase.When she gets the books on top of the bookcase,she gets praise.Finally,her parents praise her when she puts her books in the bookcase.This is an example of ____________.

Accepted Answer

A) negative reinforcement 
B) punishment 
C) extinction 
D) shaping 
A) negative reinforcement 
B) punishment 
C) extinction 
D) shaping

Question 18

When Joe thinks about his sorely missed girlfriend he drinks alcohol,which helps dull his feelings.This best illustrates:

Accepted Answer

A) positive reinforcement. 
B) negative reinforcement. 
C) positive punishment. 
D) negative punishment. 
A) positive reinforcement. 
B) negative reinforcement. 
C) positive punishment. 
D) negative punishment.

Question 19

While watching the evening news you see a story about domestic abuse and wonder "why would anyone stay in a relationship where they are being abused?" According to Seligman,one factor that may contribute to victim's staying in abusive relationships is _____________________.

Accepted Answer

A) observational learning 
B) learned helplessness 
C) conditioned emotional response 
D) instinctive drift 
A) observational learning 
B) learned helplessness 
C) conditioned emotional response 
D) instinctive drift

Question 20

You walk up to a soda machine and put in a dollar,and are rewarded with a bottle of root beer.When you put in another dollar,you get another soda.Assuming that the machine has a limitless supply of root beer,which kind of reinforcement schedule does this machine operate on?

Accepted Answer

A) partial reinforcement 
B) interval reinforcement 
C) continuous reinforcement 
D) ratio reinforcement 
A) partial reinforcement 
B) interval reinforcement 
C) continuous reinforcement 
D) ratio reinforcement

List three potential problem outcomes of misusing punishment with children.

Human beings generally have an aversion to bitter and sour foods.Some researchers suggest that this is because foods that are inedible or even poisonous are often bitter or sour.The tendency of human beings to find these potentially harmful foods repulsive is an example of _____________________.

The Brelands tried to condition pigs to drop wooden coins into a bank.This turned out not to be easy as the pigs tended to make instinctual responses as compared to the learned responses.

Give an example of each of the four schedules of partial reinforcement,and comment on which schedule would be most likely to result in lasting behavioral change.

The learning of phobias is a very good example of which certain type of classical conditioning?

In order to learn anything through observation,the learner must ____________.

Applied behavior analysis (ABA)has been used with autistic children.The basic principle of this form of behavior modification is ________.

The kind of learning that applies to voluntary behavior is called __________________.

classical conditioning,operant conditioning requires the organism to voluntarily produce the .

Which type of learning occurs when we observe how other people act?

An important example of conditioned taste aversions might be ____________.

What has occurred when there is a decrease in the likelihood or rate of a target response?

A mother tells a young child that when her father comes home,he will spank her because she was bad.One negative consequence of this punishment is that _________.

In Bandura's study of observational learning,the abbreviation AMIM stands for _____________.

When Joe thinks about his sorely missed girlfriend he drinks alcohol,which helps dull his feelings.This best illustrates:

While watching the evening news you see a story about domestic abuse and wonder "why would anyone stay in a relationship where they are being abused?" According to Seligman,one factor that may contribute to victim's staying in abusive relationships is _____________________.

You walk up to a soda machine and put in a dollar,and are rewarded with a bottle of root beer.When you put in another dollar,you get another soda.Assuming that the machine has a limitless supply of root beer,which kind of reinforcement schedule does this machine operate on?

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Exam 5: Learning

List three potential problem outcomes of misusing punishment with children.

Human beings generally have an aversion to bitter and sour foods.Some researchers suggest that this is because foods that are inedible or even poisonous are often bitter or sour.The tendency of human beings to find these potentially harmful foods repulsive is an example of _____________________.

The Brelands tried to condition pigs to drop wooden coins into a bank.This turned out not to be easy as the pigs tended to make instinctual responses as compared to the learned responses.

Give an example of each of the four schedules of partial reinforcement,and comment on which schedule would be most likely to result in lasting behavioral change.

The learning of phobias is a very good example of which certain type of classical conditioning?

In order to learn anything through observation,the learner must ____________.

Applied behavior analysis (ABA)has been used with autistic children.The basic principle of this form of behavior modification is ________.

The kind of learning that applies to voluntary behavior is called __________________.

________ classical conditioning,operant conditioning requires the organism to voluntarily produce the ________.

Which type of learning occurs when we observe how other people act?

An important example of conditioned taste aversions might be ____________.

What has occurred when there is a decrease in the likelihood or rate of a target response?

A mother tells a young child that when her father comes home,he will spank her because she was bad.One negative consequence of this punishment is that _________.

In Bandura's study of observational learning,the abbreviation AMIM stands for _____________.

When Joe thinks about his sorely missed girlfriend he drinks alcohol,which helps dull his feelings.This best illustrates:

While watching the evening news you see a story about domestic abuse and wonder "why would anyone stay in a relationship where they are being abused?" According to Seligman,one factor that may contribute to victim's staying in abusive relationships is _____________________.

You walk up to a soda machine and put in a dollar,and are rewarded with a bottle of root beer.When you put in another dollar,you get another soda.Assuming that the machine has a limitless supply of root beer,which kind of reinforcement schedule does this machine operate on?

The Science of Psychology

Biological Perspective

Sensation and Perception

Consciousness: Sleep, Dreams, Hypnosis, and Drugs

Memory

Cognition: Thinking, Intelligence, and Language

Development Across the Life Span

Motivation and Emotion

Sexuality and Gender

Stress and Health

Social Psychology

Theories of Personality

Psychological Disorders

Psychological Therapies

I Psychology in Action

Filters

classical conditioning,operant conditioning requires the organism to voluntarily produce the .