Question 1

Young Albert is initially not afraid of white rats,but if white rats and loud noises are presented in sequence,Albert may learn to fear rats.In this example,white rats would be the

Accepted Answer

A) CR. 
B) UCR. 
C) UCS. 
D) CS. 
A) CR. 
B) UCR. 
C) UCS. 
D) CS.

Question 2

Which of the following reinforcers would likely work best in motivating high school students to stay on task during class time?

Accepted Answer

A) Smiley faces 
B) Lunch with the teacher 
C) Homework passes 
D) Lunch with the principal 
A) Smiley faces 
B) Lunch with the teacher 
C) Homework passes 
D) Lunch with the principal

Question 3

The reappearance of a learned response after extinction has occurred is called

Accepted Answer

A) counterconditioning. 
B) instinctive drift. 
C) spontaneous recovery. 
D) stimulus discrimination. 
A) counterconditioning. 
B) instinctive drift. 
C) spontaneous recovery. 
D) stimulus discrimination.

Question 4

In operant conditioning,__________ is necessary to create the association between the stimulus and the repetition of a voluntary response.

Accepted Answer

A) the law of negative effect 
B) reinforcement 
C) conditional emotional linkages 
D) a long time delay 
A) the law of negative effect 
B) reinforcement 
C) conditional emotional linkages 
D) a long time delay

Question 5

Which of the following is true concerning operant conditioning principles?

Accepted Answer

A) Chaining involves the shaping the behaviour by use of punishment and reinforcement. 
B) Fading involves gradually decreasing reinforcement for wanted behaviours. 
C) Shaping involves delivering punishment for unwanted behaviours. 
D) Chaining involves reinforcing behaviours that come closer to the target behaviour. 
A) Chaining involves the shaping the behaviour by use of punishment and reinforcement. 
B) Fading involves gradually decreasing reinforcement for wanted behaviours. 
C) Shaping involves delivering punishment for unwanted behaviours. 
D) Chaining involves reinforcing behaviours that come closer to the target behaviour.

Question 6

Which concept provides a rival hypothesis for why our fears do not always correspond to those which we are biologically "prepared" to fear?

Accepted Answer

A) Instinctive drift 
B) Latent inhibition 
C) Spontaneous recovery 
D) The law of effect 
A) Instinctive drift 
B) Latent inhibition 
C) Spontaneous recovery 
D) The law of effect

Question 7

What is likely to happen to rats that drink a saccharin solution and are then shocked?

Accepted Answer

A) They will develop an aversion to saccharin. 
B) They will refuse to drink any water and die. 
C) They will not develop an aversion to saccharin solutions. 
D) They will die as a result of the shocks they received in the research. 
A) They will develop an aversion to saccharin. 
B) They will refuse to drink any water and die. 
C) They will not develop an aversion to saccharin solutions. 
D) They will die as a result of the shocks they received in the research.

Question 8

In Pavlov's "salivating dogs" studies,the salivation triggered by the sound of the tone was the

Accepted Answer

A) unconditioned response. 
B) conditioned response. 
C) unconditioned stimulus. 
D) conditioned stimulus. 
A) unconditioned response. 
B) conditioned response. 
C) unconditioned stimulus. 
D) conditioned stimulus.

Question 9

Which of the following is an example of punishment?

Accepted Answer

A) Nicole yells at her boyfriend for trying to talk to her during a TV show when he wanted to get her attention,and he continues to try to talk to her. 
B) Russ takes allergy medications as soon as he arrives at his animal research lab as he has noticed that when he takes the pills,he doesn't get red eyes and a runny nose. 
C) Shannon gives her friend some of her macaroni and cheese at lunch because she knows her friend is hungry and forgot her lunch. 
D) Rodney makes fun of a girl who signed up to play basketball on his team because she was not very good,and she stopped coming to the games. 
A) Nicole yells at her boyfriend for trying to talk to her during a TV show when he wanted to get her attention,and he continues to try to talk to her. 
B) Russ takes allergy medications as soon as he arrives at his animal research lab as he has noticed that when he takes the pills,he doesn't get red eyes and a runny nose. 
C) Shannon gives her friend some of her macaroni and cheese at lunch because she knows her friend is hungry and forgot her lunch. 
D) Rodney makes fun of a girl who signed up to play basketball on his team because she was not very good,and she stopped coming to the games.

Question 10

Thorndike was known for his work with

Accepted Answer

A) a Skinner box. 
B) a puzzle box. 
C) modelling. 
D) monkeys. 
A) a Skinner box. 
B) a puzzle box. 
C) modelling. 
D) monkeys.

Question 11

A farmer is being troubled by coyotes eating his sheep.In an attempt to solve the problem,he kills a sheep and laces its body with a nausea-inducing drug.He leaves the sheep out where he knows the coyotes roam.He hopes they will learn not to eat the sheep.The farmer is attempting to apply the principles of __________ to accomplish this.

Accepted Answer

A) observational learning 
B) latent learning 
C) instrumental conditioning 
D) classical conditioning 
A) observational learning 
B) latent learning 
C) instrumental conditioning 
D) classical conditioning

Question 12

Drew works for an advertising company and is trying to sell a new product called "day goggles." He knows he needs to make the day goggles appear cool and desirable,so decides to have well-known Hollywood actress Angelina Jolie wear his goggles.Despite his intensive ad campaign featuring the famous actress,he found little evidence that having Angelina Jolie in his advertisement affected preferences for his goggles and did not see any changes in sales.It is most likely that this outcome resulted from

Accepted Answer

A) higher-order conditioning. 
B) latent inhibition. 
C) aversive conditioning. 
D) conditioned compensatory responses. 
A) higher-order conditioning. 
B) latent inhibition. 
C) aversive conditioning. 
D) conditioned compensatory responses.

Question 13

Token economies are reinforcement-based strategies that use points,tokens,and chips as __________ reinforcers.

Accepted Answer

A) primary 
B) secondary 
C) neutral 
D) negative 
A) primary 
B) secondary 
C) neutral 
D) negative

Question 14

The abbreviation CR stands for

Accepted Answer

A) conditional reinforcement. 
B) contingent reflex. 
C) conditioned response. 
D) contingent reflection. 
A) conditional reinforcement. 
B) contingent reflex. 
C) conditioned response. 
D) contingent reflection.

Question 15

Research has demonstrated that disgust reactions are likely a product of __________ conditioning.

Accepted Answer

A) pseudo 
B) classical 
C) instrumental 
D) operant 
A) pseudo 
B) classical 
C) instrumental 
D) operant

Question 16

__________ is to the "aha reaction" as __________ is to positive reinforcement.

Accepted Answer

A) S-O-R psychology;negative reinforcement 
B) shaping;latent learning 
C) insight learning;the law of effect 
D) fixed interval;variable ratio 
A) S-O-R psychology;negative reinforcement 
B) shaping;latent learning 
C) insight learning;the law of effect 
D) fixed interval;variable ratio

Question 17

The conditioned stimulus is defined as

Accepted Answer

A) the previously neutral stimulus that automatically produces the conditioned response. 
B) the previously neutral stimulus that automatically produces the unconditioned response. 
C) the previously neutral stimulus that has acquired the capacity to produce the conditioned response. 
D) the stimulus that automatically produces the unconditioned response. 
A) the previously neutral stimulus that automatically produces the conditioned response. 
B) the previously neutral stimulus that automatically produces the unconditioned response. 
C) the previously neutral stimulus that has acquired the capacity to produce the conditioned response. 
D) the stimulus that automatically produces the unconditioned response.

Question 18

__________ occurs when we respond more strongly over time to a repeated stimulus,and __________ occurs when we respond less strongly over time to a repeated stimulus.

Accepted Answer

A) Sensitization;habituation 
B) Habituation;adaptation 
C) Adaptation;sensitization 
D) Habituation;sensitization 
A) Sensitization;habituation 
B) Habituation;adaptation 
C) Adaptation;sensitization 
D) Habituation;sensitization

Question 19

Fred is afraid of spiders.He won't even watch a nature show on TV about them.When he sees a picture of a spider,he has a panic attack,but when he avoids looking at the image,his panic goes away.Fred's avoidance of spiders is being

Accepted Answer

A) extinguished,because he feels anxious after doing so. 
B) recovered spontaneously,because he will never get better. 
C) positively reinforced,because he is rewarded by his anxiety going down. 
D) negatively reinforced,because he is rewarded by his anxiety going down. 
A) extinguished,because he feels anxious after doing so. 
B) recovered spontaneously,because he will never get better. 
C) positively reinforced,because he is rewarded by his anxiety going down. 
D) negatively reinforced,because he is rewarded by his anxiety going down.

Question 20

Concerning cognitive maps,which is likely true?

Accepted Answer

A) Forming a mental representation of the layout of the maze will likely confuse teens because they learn best by doing,not thinking. 
B) Teens allowed to view a maze from 10 feet above before beginning will be less capable of working their way through the maze as compared to children given a practice run through the maze before beginning. 
C) Teens allowed to view a maze from 10 feet above before beginning will be just as capable of working their way through the maze as compared to children given a practice run through the maze before beginning. 
D) The ability to form accurate mental representations of the layout of the maze will be difficult for teens,so the group viewing the maze before beginning will likely perform worse on this task. 
A) Forming a mental representation of the layout of the maze will likely confuse teens because they learn best by doing,not thinking. 
B) Teens allowed to view a maze from 10 feet above before beginning will be less capable of working their way through the maze as compared to children given a practice run through the maze before beginning. 
C) Teens allowed to view a maze from 10 feet above before beginning will be just as capable of working their way through the maze as compared to children given a practice run through the maze before beginning. 
D) The ability to form accurate mental representations of the layout of the maze will be difficult for teens,so the group viewing the maze before beginning will likely perform worse on this task.

Exam 6: D: Learning

Young Albert is initially not afraid of white rats,but if white rats and loud noises are presented in sequence,Albert may learn to fear rats.In this example,white rats would be the

Which of the following reinforcers would likely work best in motivating high school students to stay on task during class time?

The reappearance of a learned response after extinction has occurred is called

In operant conditioning,__________ is necessary to create the association between the stimulus and the repetition of a voluntary response.

Which of the following is true concerning operant conditioning principles?

Which concept provides a rival hypothesis for why our fears do not always correspond to those which we are biologically "prepared" to fear?

What is likely to happen to rats that drink a saccharin solution and are then shocked?

In Pavlov's "salivating dogs" studies,the salivation triggered by the sound of the tone was the

Which of the following is an example of punishment?

Thorndike was known for his work with

Token economies are reinforcement-based strategies that use points,tokens,and chips as __________ reinforcers.

The abbreviation CR stands for

Research has demonstrated that disgust reactions are likely a product of __________ conditioning.

__________ is to the "aha reaction" as __________ is to positive reinforcement.

The conditioned stimulus is defined as

__________ occurs when we respond more strongly over time to a repeated stimulus,and __________ occurs when we respond less strongly over time to a repeated stimulus.

Fred is afraid of spiders.He won't even watch a nature show on TV about them.When he sees a picture of a spider,he has a panic attack,but when he avoids looking at the image,his panic goes away.Fred's avoidance of spiders is being

Concerning cognitive maps,which is likely true?

A: Psychology and Scientific Thinking

B: Psychology and Scientific Thinking

C: Psychology and Scientific Thinking

D: Psychology and Scientific Thinking

A: Research Methods

B: Research Methods

C: Research Methods

D: Research Methods

A: Biological Psychology

B: Biological Psychology

C: Biological Psychology

D: Biological Psychology

A: Sensation and Perception

B: Sensation and Perception

C: Sensation and Perception

D: Sensation and Perception

A: Consciousness

B: Consciousness

C: Consciousness

D: Consciousness

A: Learning

B: Learning

C: Learning

A: Memory

B: Memory

C: Memory

D: Memory

A: Thinking,reasoning,and Language

B: Language,thinking,and Reasoning

C: Language,thinking,and Reasoning

D: Language,thinking,and Reasoning

A: Intelligence and Iq Testing

B: Intelligence and Iq Testing

C: Intelligence and Iq Testing

D: Intelligence and Iq Testing

A: Human Development

B: Human Development

C: Human Development

D: Human Development

A: Emotion and Motivation

B: Emotion and Motivation

C: Emotion and Motivation

D: Emotion and Motivation

A: Stress,coping,and Health

B: Stress,coping,and Health

C: Stress,coping,and Health

D: Stress,coping,and Health

A: Social Psychology

B: Social Psychology

C: Social Psychology

D: Social Psychology

A: Personality

B: Personality

C: Personality

D: Personality

A: Psychological Disorders

B: Psychological Disorders

C: Psychological Disorders

D: Psychological Disorders

A: Psychological and Biological Treatments

B: Psychological and Biological Treatments

is to the "aha reaction" as is to positive reinforcement.

occurs when we respond more strongly over time to a repeated stimulus,and occurs when we respond less strongly over time to a repeated stimulus.