Question 1

For Chinese North American and Chinese children, which parenting practice is related to negative outcomes?

Accepted Answer

A)  scolding, shame, and guilt 
B)  physical punishment 
C)  both physical punishment and scolding, shame, and guilt 
D)  neither physical punishment nor scolding, shame, and guilt 
A)  scolding, shame, and guilt 
B)  physical punishment 
C)  both physical punishment and scolding, shame, and guilt 
D)  neither physical punishment nor scolding, shame, and guilt B

Question 2

Effective discipline that leads to permanent change in the child's behaviour because the child has learned and accepted the desired behaviour is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A)  externalization. 
B)  internalization. 
C)  self-oriented induction. 
D)  other-oriented induction. 
A)  externalization. 
B)  internalization. 
C)  self-oriented induction. 
D)  other-oriented induction. B

Question 3

Consider a sibling relationship you know well and briefly describe the level of conflict the pair engaged in during their childhoods. Thinking about the factors outlined in the text that can impact the quality of the sibling relationship, describe two factors that you believe may have increased or decreased the level of sibling rivalry in this particular pair. Be sure to explain how each of the two factors may have played a role.

Accepted Answer

Answers will vary but should discuss at least two factors related to sibling rivalry. Based on the text, siblings, of course, also can be rivals and sources of mutual conflict and irritation. They live in close proximity to one another and are often in competition for resources, from toys to parents' time. In some cases, sibling conflict can contribute to the development of undesirable behaviours, such as disobedience, delinquency, and drinking as well as depression, anxiety, and social withdrawal. Rivalry and conflict between siblings tend to be higher in divorced families
and in remarried families than in non-divorced families, even between biological siblings. Although some siblings turn to one another for support when their parents divorce or remarry, they may also compete for parental affection and attention, which are often scarce in those situations. Relationships between half-siblings can be especially emotionally charged, perhaps because the older sibling may resent the younger sibling who is born to both parents in the new marital relationship.

Question 4

In Canada in 2012, approximately what percentage of children under 18 years of age lived in poverty?

Accepted Answer

A)  7 
B)  11 
C)  20 
D)  27 
A)  7 
B)  11 
C)  20 
D)  27

Question 5

Which statement about the effect of parents' differential treatment of siblings on the siblings' relationships with each other is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Children rarely detect true differences in parental treatment, and thus it has little effect on their relationships with their siblings. 
B)  Differential treatment is more likely to be a problem in early and middle childhood than in early adolescence, when adolescents can view it as justified. 
C)  Differential treatment is more likely to be a problem in early adolescence than in early and middle childhood because adolescents' relationships are more emotionally charged than are the relationships of younger children. 
D)  Children can detect differential treatment, and it is equally problematic for children of all ages. 
A)  Children rarely detect true differences in parental treatment, and thus it has little effect on their relationships with their siblings. 
B)  Differential treatment is more likely to be a problem in early and middle childhood than in early adolescence, when adolescents can view it as justified. 
C)  Differential treatment is more likely to be a problem in early adolescence than in early and middle childhood because adolescents' relationships are more emotionally charged than are the relationships of younger children. 
D)  Children can detect differential treatment, and it is equally problematic for children of all ages.

Question 6

Rex and Paul are both young children who attend high-quality centre-based childcare. Rex is from a low-income family and Paul is from a working-class family. What are the likely effects on their behaviour if they are in childcare for extensive hours?

Accepted Answer

A)  Rex and Paul are both at an increased risk of developing behaviour problems. 
B)  Rex and Paul are both at a decreased risk of developing behaviour problems. 
C)  Rex is at an increased risk of developing behaviour problems, and Paul is at a decreased risk. 
D)  Rex is at a decreased risk of developing behaviour problems, and Paul is at an increased risk. 
A)  Rex and Paul are both at an increased risk of developing behaviour problems. 
B)  Rex and Paul are both at a decreased risk of developing behaviour problems. 
C)  Rex is at an increased risk of developing behaviour problems, and Paul is at a decreased risk. 
D)  Rex is at a decreased risk of developing behaviour problems, and Paul is at an increased risk.

Question 7

Compared with younger parents, older parents do NOT tend to have:

Accepted Answer

A)  less stress. 
B)  more children. 
C)  greater financial resources. 
D)  more positivity in their parenting. 
A)  less stress. 
B)  more children. 
C)  greater financial resources. 
D)  more positivity in their parenting.

Question 8

Which scenario is an example of a parent serving as social manager in the socialization of generosity?

Accepted Answer

A)  Tanya's mother signs her child up for volunteer work at the local hospital after school. 
B)  Frank's dad explains to his child how important it is to give to people who have less than they do. 
C)  Hannah's mom often makes food for a neighbourhood mother whose husband is ill. 
D)  Michael's dad tells his children that they need to share their toys when their friends play at their home. 
A)  Tanya's mother signs her child up for volunteer work at the local hospital after school. 
B)  Frank's dad explains to his child how important it is to give to people who have less than they do. 
C)  Hannah's mom often makes food for a neighbourhood mother whose husband is ill. 
D)  Michael's dad tells his children that they need to share their toys when their friends play at their home.

Question 9

Which scenario is an example of a parent's indirect socialization of generosity?

Accepted Answer

A)  Tanya's mother signs her child up for volunteer work at the local hospital after school. 
B)  Frank's dad explains to his child how important it is to give to people who have less than them. 
C)  Hannah's mom often makes food for a neighbourhood mother whose husband is ill. 
D)  Michael's dad tells his children that they need to share their toys when their friends play at their home. 
A)  Tanya's mother signs her child up for volunteer work at the local hospital after school. 
B)  Frank's dad explains to his child how important it is to give to people who have less than them. 
C)  Hannah's mom often makes food for a neighbourhood mother whose husband is ill. 
D)  Michael's dad tells his children that they need to share their toys when their friends play at their home.

Question 10

The influence that children have on their parents' parenting behaviours because of their appearance is _____. The influence that children have on their parents' parenting behaviours because of their own behaviour is _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  passive; passive 
B)  passive; active 
C)  active; passive 
D)  active; active 
A)  passive; passive 
B)  passive; active 
C)  active; passive 
D)  active; active

Question 11

Four-year-old Derek is playing with his trucks and does not want to come to the dinner table. In response, his mother storms over to where he is playing, grabs his trucks away from him, and yells, "I told you to come eat dinner! Come to the table right now or I will throw those trucks in the garbage." Derek's mother is rarely affectionate with him, even in situations in which he is complying with her wishes. Derek's mother would likely be classified as:

Accepted Answer

A)  permissive. 
B)  authoritative. 
C)  uninvolved. 
D)  authoritarian. 
A)  permissive. 
B)  authoritative. 
C)  uninvolved. 
D)  authoritarian.

Question 12

Family dynamics refers to:

Accepted Answer

A)  how individual family members relate to the child. 
B)  cultural variability in family structure. 
C)  the changing nature of parent‒child relationships as children develop. 
D)  how the family operates as a whole. 
A)  how individual family members relate to the child. 
B)  cultural variability in family structure. 
C)  the changing nature of parent‒child relationships as children develop. 
D)  how the family operates as a whole.

Question 13

Why do some children seem fine following a divorce whereas others do poorly? Describe three factors likely to decrease children's risk for poor adjustment and three factors likely to increase children's risk. Explain the role these factors play.

Accepted Answer

Most experts agree that children of divo

Question 14

Which statement about older fathers, in comparison to younger fathers, is NOT true?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are more likely to be affectionate with their infants. 
B)  They are more likely to provide a moderate amount of child care. 
C)  They are more likely to be cognitively stimulating with their infants. 
D)  They are more likely to have traditional beliefs about the paternal role in parenting. 
A)  They are more likely to be affectionate with their infants. 
B)  They are more likely to provide a moderate amount of child care. 
C)  They are more likely to be cognitively stimulating with their infants. 
D)  They are more likely to have traditional beliefs about the paternal role in parenting.

Question 15

A recent study that examined the associations between adolescents' reports of externalizing and internalizing problems and their parents' parenting style found:

Accepted Answer

A)  no association between internalizing problems and parenting style. 
B)  high levels of externalizing problems predicted a decline in authoritative parenting 2 years later. 
C)  a decrease in authoritative parenting predicted high levels of internalizing problems 2 years later. 
D)  that the associations are bidirectional. 
A)  no association between internalizing problems and parenting style. 
B)  high levels of externalizing problems predicted a decline in authoritative parenting 2 years later. 
C)  a decrease in authoritative parenting predicted high levels of internalizing problems 2 years later. 
D)  that the associations are bidirectional.

Question 16

Which variable does NOT influence children's adjustment following divorce?

Accepted Answer

A)  parental conflict 
B)  stress of custodial mother 
C)  frequency of contact with noncustodial father 
D)  quality of contact with noncustodial father 
A)  parental conflict 
B)  stress of custodial mother 
C)  frequency of contact with noncustodial father 
D)  quality of contact with noncustodial father

Question 17

In which group in Canada do mothers and fathers spend equal amounts of time with their children?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hispanic American families 
B)  families with mothers who work outside of the home 
C)  high-SES Euro-American families 
D)  none of these. 
A)  Hispanic American families 
B)  families with mothers who work outside of the home 
C)  high-SES Euro-American families 
D)  none of these.

Question 18

Over the course of a given year in Canada, it is estimated that there are approximately _____ children who are homeless using shelters.

Accepted Answer

A)  150 
B)  2,000 
C)  10,000 
D)  25,000 
A)  150 
B)  2,000 
C)  10,000 
D)  25,000

Question 19

The large-scale study of the effects of childcare that was funded by the National Institute of Child Health and Development demonstrated which finding about the effects of amount of childcare on the social behaviour of children from working- and middle-class families?

Accepted Answer

A)  The amount of childcare was not associated with children's social behaviour. 
B)  The risk of children exhibiting problem behaviours increased with more hours in childcare. 
C)  Long hours spent in childcare caused aggression and social withdrawal. 
D)  Extensive time in childcare was more detrimental to children from very low-income, high-risk families. 
A)  The amount of childcare was not associated with children's social behaviour. 
B)  The risk of children exhibiting problem behaviours increased with more hours in childcare. 
C)  Long hours spent in childcare caused aggression and social withdrawal. 
D)  Extensive time in childcare was more detrimental to children from very low-income, high-risk families.

Question 20

Maternal employment appears to:

Accepted Answer

A)  have an equally positive effect on boys and girls. 
B)  have an equally negative effect on boys and girls. 
C)  be more likely to be beneficial for girls than for boys. 
D)  be less likely to be beneficial for girls than for boys. 
A)  have an equally positive effect on boys and girls. 
B)  have an equally negative effect on boys and girls. 
C)  be more likely to be beneficial for girls than for boys. 
D)  be less likely to be beneficial for girls than for boys.

For Chinese North American and Chinese children, which parenting practice is related to negative outcomes?

Effective discipline that leads to permanent change in the child's behaviour because the child has learned and accepted the desired behaviour is referred to as:

In Canada in 2012, approximately what percentage of children under 18 years of age lived in poverty?

Which statement about the effect of parents' differential treatment of siblings on the siblings' relationships with each other is TRUE?

Rex and Paul are both young children who attend high-quality centre-based childcare. Rex is from a low-income family and Paul is from a working-class family. What are the likely effects on their behaviour if they are in childcare for extensive hours?

Compared with younger parents, older parents do NOT tend to have:

Which scenario is an example of a parent serving as social manager in the socialization of generosity?

Which scenario is an example of a parent's indirect socialization of generosity?

The influence that children have on their parents' parenting behaviours because of their appearance is _. The influence that children have on their parents' parenting behaviours because of their own behaviour is _.

Family dynamics refers to:

Why do some children seem fine following a divorce whereas others do poorly? Describe three factors likely to decrease children's risk for poor adjustment and three factors likely to increase children's risk. Explain the role these factors play.

Which statement about older fathers, in comparison to younger fathers, is NOT true?

A recent study that examined the associations between adolescents' reports of externalizing and internalizing problems and their parents' parenting style found:

Which variable does NOT influence children's adjustment following divorce?

In which group in Canada do mothers and fathers spend equal amounts of time with their children?

Over the course of a given year in Canada, it is estimated that there are approximately _____ children who are homeless using shelters.

The large-scale study of the effects of childcare that was funded by the National Institute of Child Health and Development demonstrated which finding about the effects of amount of childcare on the social behaviour of children from working- and middle-class families?

Maternal employment appears to:

An Introduction to Child Development

Prenatal Development and the Newborn Period

Biology and Behaviour

Theories of Cognitive Development

Seeing, Thinking, and Doing in Infancy

Development of Language and Symbol Use

Conceptual Development

Intelligence and Academic Achievement

Theories of Social Development

Emotional Development

Attachment to Others and Development of Self

Peer Relationships

Moral Development

Gender Development

Conclusions

Filters

Exam 12: The Family

For Chinese North American and Chinese children, which parenting practice is related to negative outcomes?

Effective discipline that leads to permanent change in the child's behaviour because the child has learned and accepted the desired behaviour is referred to as:

In Canada in 2012, approximately what percentage of children under 18 years of age lived in poverty?

Which statement about the effect of parents' differential treatment of siblings on the siblings' relationships with each other is TRUE?

Rex and Paul are both young children who attend high-quality centre-based childcare. Rex is from a low-income family and Paul is from a working-class family. What are the likely effects on their behaviour if they are in childcare for extensive hours?

Compared with younger parents, older parents do NOT tend to have:

Which scenario is an example of a parent serving as social manager in the socialization of generosity?

Which scenario is an example of a parent's indirect socialization of generosity?

The influence that children have on their parents' parenting behaviours because of their appearance is _____. The influence that children have on their parents' parenting behaviours because of their own behaviour is _____.

Family dynamics refers to:

Why do some children seem fine following a divorce whereas others do poorly? Describe three factors likely to decrease children's risk for poor adjustment and three factors likely to increase children's risk. Explain the role these factors play.

Which statement about older fathers, in comparison to younger fathers, is NOT true?

A recent study that examined the associations between adolescents' reports of externalizing and internalizing problems and their parents' parenting style found:

Which variable does NOT influence children's adjustment following divorce?

In which group in Canada do mothers and fathers spend equal amounts of time with their children?

Over the course of a given year in Canada, it is estimated that there are approximately _____ children who are homeless using shelters.

The large-scale study of the effects of childcare that was funded by the National Institute of Child Health and Development demonstrated which finding about the effects of amount of childcare on the social behaviour of children from working- and middle-class families?

Maternal employment appears to:

An Introduction to Child Development

Prenatal Development and the Newborn Period

Biology and Behaviour

Theories of Cognitive Development

Seeing, Thinking, and Doing in Infancy

Development of Language and Symbol Use

Conceptual Development

Intelligence and Academic Achievement

Theories of Social Development

Emotional Development

Attachment to Others and Development of Self

Peer Relationships

Moral Development

Gender Development

Conclusions

Filters

The influence that children have on their parents' parenting behaviours because of their appearance is _. The influence that children have on their parents' parenting behaviours because of their own behaviour is _.