Question 1

Which statement describes the results of research by Dweck on children's beliefs about intelligence?

Accepted Answer

A)  Children who believe that intelligence is a fixed entity are more likely than are other children to persist in the face of difficulty. 
B)  Children who believe that intelligence can be increased by learning are more likely than are other children to say they are dumb when faced with a challenge. 
C)  Children who believe that intelligence is a fixed entity are more likely than are other children to think that a very challenging problem is too hard for them. 
D)  Children who believe that intelligence can be decreased are more likely than are other children to quit trying at challenging tasks. 
A)  Children who believe that intelligence is a fixed entity are more likely than are other children to persist in the face of difficulty. 
B)  Children who believe that intelligence can be increased by learning are more likely than are other children to say they are dumb when faced with a challenge. 
C)  Children who believe that intelligence is a fixed entity are more likely than are other children to think that a very challenging problem is too hard for them. 
D)  Children who believe that intelligence can be decreased are more likely than are other children to quit trying at challenging tasks. C

Question 2

Research studies engaging in _____ designs often reveal that practices that are rare or nonexistent in one's own culture are common in other cultures.

Accepted Answer

A)  cross-sectional 
B)  longitudinal 
C)  cross-cultural 
D)  experimental 
A)  cross-sectional 
B)  longitudinal 
C)  cross-cultural 
D)  experimental C

Question 3

A correlation coefficient of 0.00 indicates that, as the level of one variable increases, the level of the other variable:

Accepted Answer

A)  increases. 
B)  decreases. 
C)  varies randomly. 
D)  stays constant. 
A)  increases. 
B)  decreases. 
C)  varies randomly. 
D)  stays constant. C

Question 4

Which family group in Canada has the HIGHEST percentage of the population below the poverty line?

Accepted Answer

A)  married-couple Asian families 
B)  married-couple White families 
C)  First Nations families off reserve 
D)  First Nations families on reserve 
A)  married-couple Asian families 
B)  married-couple White families 
C)  First Nations families off reserve 
D)  First Nations families on reserve

Question 5

What do developmental psychologists mean when they say that children play an active role in their own development? Provide a detailed example of this concept.

Accepted Answer

Children play an active role in their ow

Question 6

Variables A and B are positively correlated, indicating that as the level of A _____, the level of B _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  increases; decreases 
B)  increases; stays the same 
C)  decreases; decreases 
D)  decreases; stays the same 
A)  increases; decreases 
B)  increases; stays the same 
C)  decreases; decreases 
D)  decreases; stays the same

Question 7

A psychologist is interested in 4-year-old Jacob's knowledge of the differences between animals and vehicles. The psychologist gives Jacob a multiple-choice picture test in which he must write the letter of the correct answer on a separate answer sheet. However, Jacob has trouble identifying and writing some letters. On two separate occasions, Jacob receives the same score on the test. This method has _____ validity and _____ reliability.

Accepted Answer

A)  good; good 
B)  good; poor 
C)  poor; good 
D)  poor; poor 
A)  good; good 
B)  good; poor 
C)  poor; good 
D)  poor; poor

Question 8

Which factor is NOT considered part of the sociocultural context?

Accepted Answer

A)  neighbourhood 
B)  societal values 
C)  historical era 
D)  genes 
A)  neighbourhood 
B)  societal values 
C)  historical era 
D)  genes

Question 9

Which statement about epigenetics is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A)  One's hereditary information stays constant throughout life. 
B)  One's DNA can be altered by experience. 
C)  Early experiences can alter the expression of one's genes. 
D)  All of these statements are true. 
A)  One's hereditary information stays constant throughout life. 
B)  One's DNA can be altered by experience. 
C)  Early experiences can alter the expression of one's genes. 
D)  All of these statements are true.

Question 10

Which activity is NOT a core component of effortful attention?

Accepted Answer

A)  exerting effort on tasks 
B)  controlling emotions 
C)  focusing attention 
D)  inhibiting impulses 
A)  exerting effort on tasks 
B)  controlling emotions 
C)  focusing attention 
D)  inhibiting impulses

Question 11

Groups created through random assignment would NOT be comparable with regard to:

Accepted Answer

A)  socioeconomic status. 
B)  number of children in family. 
C)  IQ score. 
D)  experimental condition. 
A)  socioeconomic status. 
B)  number of children in family. 
C)  IQ score. 
D)  experimental condition.

Question 12

Which factor is the GREATEST obstacle to poor children's chances of successful development?

Accepted Answer

A)  accumulation of various disadvantages 
B)  growing up in a single-parent home or without biological parents 
C)  lack of parental involvement in their schooling 
D)  genetic disadvantages 
A)  accumulation of various disadvantages 
B)  growing up in a single-parent home or without biological parents 
C)  lack of parental involvement in their schooling 
D)  genetic disadvantages

Question 13

Siegler and Jenkins's examination of the development of the counting-on strategy is an example of _____ design.

Accepted Answer

A)  longitudinal 
B)  cross-sectional 
C)  experimental 
D)  microgenetic 
A)  longitudinal 
B)  cross-sectional 
C)  experimental 
D)  microgenetic

Question 14

A class of Grade 3 children is split into two groups through random assignment. Group A is given training in a new game, and group B is not. Training in the new game is referred to as the _____ variable, and game-playing skill at the conclusion of the study is referred to as the _____ variable.

Accepted Answer

A)  dependent; independent 
B)  independent; dependent 
C)  control; experimental 
D)  experimental; control 
A)  dependent; independent 
B)  independent; dependent 
C)  control; experimental 
D)  experimental; control

Question 15

Which item is a potential source of internal invalidity?

Accepted Answer

A)  passage of time 
B)  inconsistent findings across different groups of participants 
C)  observer disagreement 
D)  conflicting scores on multiple test days 
A)  passage of time 
B)  inconsistent findings across different groups of participants 
C)  observer disagreement 
D)  conflicting scores on multiple test days

Question 16

Stage theories regard development as:

Accepted Answer

A)  active. 
B)  passive. 
C)  continuous. 
D)  discontinuous. 
A)  active. 
B)  passive. 
C)  continuous. 
D)  discontinuous.

Question 17

Neurotransmitters can BEST be described as:

Accepted Answer

A)  electrical impulses in the brain. 
B)  chemicals involved in communication between brain cells. 
C)  gene defects that produce schizophrenia. 
D)  what early philosophers theorized reflected children's core nature at birth. 
A)  electrical impulses in the brain. 
B)  chemicals involved in communication between brain cells. 
C)  gene defects that produce schizophrenia. 
D)  what early philosophers theorized reflected children's core nature at birth.

Question 18

The emergence of theories such as those of Freud and Watson in the early twentieth century reflected the:

Accepted Answer

A)  increasing influence of early philosophical views of childhood. 
B)  incorporation of research findings into the study of child development. 
C)  desire of editors at universities to find suitable articles to print in professional journals. 
D)  rise of young children as paid laborers in factories and mines. 
A)  increasing influence of early philosophical views of childhood. 
B)  incorporation of research findings into the study of child development. 
C)  desire of editors at universities to find suitable articles to print in professional journals. 
D)  rise of young children as paid laborers in factories and mines.

Question 19

Variables X and Y are negatively correlated, indicating that as the level of X increases, the level of Y _____, and as the level of X decreases, the level of Y _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  increases; increases 
B)  increases; decreases 
C)  decreases; increases 
D)  decreases; decreases 
A)  increases; increases 
B)  increases; decreases 
C)  decreases; increases 
D)  decreases; decreases

Question 20

One main conclusion based on the Romanian adoption study is that:

Accepted Answer

A)  development is a direct result of sociocultural experiences. 
B)  there is no impact of social experiences on the developmental process. 
C)  the timing of experiences influences their effect on development. 
D)  development is a general result of biological influences. 
A)  development is a direct result of sociocultural experiences. 
B)  there is no impact of social experiences on the developmental process. 
C)  the timing of experiences influences their effect on development. 
D)  development is a general result of biological influences.

Which statement describes the results of research by Dweck on children's beliefs about intelligence?

Research studies engaging in _____ designs often reveal that practices that are rare or nonexistent in one's own culture are common in other cultures.

A correlation coefficient of 0.00 indicates that, as the level of one variable increases, the level of the other variable:

Which family group in Canada has the HIGHEST percentage of the population below the poverty line?

What do developmental psychologists mean when they say that children play an active role in their own development? Provide a detailed example of this concept.

Variables A and B are positively correlated, indicating that as the level of A _, the level of B _.

Which factor is NOT considered part of the sociocultural context?

Which statement about epigenetics is TRUE?

Which activity is NOT a core component of effortful attention?

Groups created through random assignment would NOT be comparable with regard to:

Which factor is the GREATEST obstacle to poor children's chances of successful development?

Siegler and Jenkins's examination of the development of the counting-on strategy is an example of _____ design.

A class of Grade 3 children is split into two groups through random assignment. Group A is given training in a new game, and group B is not. Training in the new game is referred to as the _ variable, and game-playing skill at the conclusion of the study is referred to as the _ variable.

Which item is a potential source of internal invalidity?

Stage theories regard development as:

Neurotransmitters can BEST be described as:

The emergence of theories such as those of Freud and Watson in the early twentieth century reflected the:

Variables X and Y are negatively correlated, indicating that as the level of X increases, the level of Y _, and as the level of X decreases, the level of Y _.

One main conclusion based on the Romanian adoption study is that:

Prenatal Development and the Newborn Period

Biology and Behaviour

Theories of Cognitive Development

Seeing, Thinking, and Doing in Infancy

Development of Language and Symbol Use

Conceptual Development

Intelligence and Academic Achievement

Theories of Social Development

Emotional Development

Attachment to Others and Development of Self

The Family

Peer Relationships

Moral Development

Gender Development

Conclusions

Filters

Exam 1: An Introduction to Child Development

Which statement describes the results of research by Dweck on children's beliefs about intelligence?

Research studies engaging in _____ designs often reveal that practices that are rare or nonexistent in one's own culture are common in other cultures.

A correlation coefficient of 0.00 indicates that, as the level of one variable increases, the level of the other variable:

Which family group in Canada has the HIGHEST percentage of the population below the poverty line?

What do developmental psychologists mean when they say that children play an active role in their own development? Provide a detailed example of this concept.

Variables A and B are positively correlated, indicating that as the level of A _____, the level of B _____.

Which factor is NOT considered part of the sociocultural context?

Which statement about epigenetics is TRUE?

Which activity is NOT a core component of effortful attention?

Groups created through random assignment would NOT be comparable with regard to:

Which factor is the GREATEST obstacle to poor children's chances of successful development?

Siegler and Jenkins's examination of the development of the counting-on strategy is an example of _____ design.

A class of Grade 3 children is split into two groups through random assignment. Group A is given training in a new game, and group B is not. Training in the new game is referred to as the _____ variable, and game-playing skill at the conclusion of the study is referred to as the _____ variable.

Which item is a potential source of internal invalidity?

Stage theories regard development as:

Neurotransmitters can BEST be described as:

The emergence of theories such as those of Freud and Watson in the early twentieth century reflected the:

Variables X and Y are negatively correlated, indicating that as the level of X increases, the level of Y _____, and as the level of X decreases, the level of Y _____.

One main conclusion based on the Romanian adoption study is that:

Prenatal Development and the Newborn Period

Biology and Behaviour

Theories of Cognitive Development

Seeing, Thinking, and Doing in Infancy

Development of Language and Symbol Use

Conceptual Development

Intelligence and Academic Achievement

Theories of Social Development

Emotional Development

Attachment to Others and Development of Self

The Family

Peer Relationships

Moral Development

Gender Development

Conclusions

Filters

Variables A and B are positively correlated, indicating that as the level of A _, the level of B _.

A class of Grade 3 children is split into two groups through random assignment. Group A is given training in a new game, and group B is not. Training in the new game is referred to as the _ variable, and game-playing skill at the conclusion of the study is referred to as the _ variable.

Variables X and Y are negatively correlated, indicating that as the level of X increases, the level of Y _, and as the level of X decreases, the level of Y _.