Question 1

Examination of ice found on Mars has revealed that it contains some of the elements needed for life. Which of the following has not been found in the ice?

Accepted Answer

A)  Potassium ions 
B)  Magnesium ions 
C)  Glucose 
D)  Sodium ions 
E)  Chlorine ions 
A)  Potassium ions 
B)  Magnesium ions 
C)  Glucose 
D)  Sodium ions 
E)  Chlorine ions

Question 2

Which of the following was not a component of Earth's early atmosphere?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hydrogen gas 
B)  Ammonia 
C)  Water vapor 
D)  Oxygen 
E)  Methane gas 
A)  Hydrogen gas 
B)  Ammonia 
C)  Water vapor 
D)  Oxygen 
E)  Methane gas

Question 3

What type of bond connects two complementary nucleotides together?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hydrogen 
B)  Ionic 
C)  Peptide 
D)  Phosphodiester 
E)  Covalent 
A)  Hydrogen 
B)  Ionic 
C)  Peptide 
D)  Phosphodiester 
E)  Covalent

Question 4

The first biological catalyst may have been similar to

Accepted Answer

A)  a ribozyme. 
B)  DNA. 
C)  a protein. 
D)  glucose. 
E)  a lipid. 
A)  a ribozyme. 
B)  DNA. 
C)  a protein. 
D)  glucose. 
E)  a lipid.

Question 5

The process by which a RNA nucleotide sequence can specify a sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide is called _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The process by which a RNA nucleotide...

Question 6

Examination of ice from Mars suggests that

Accepted Answer

A)  life may not be limited to Earth. 
B)  life originated in outer space from nonliving matter. 
C)  comets brought Earth most of its water. 
D)  meteorites brought life to Earth. 
E)  meteorites are responsible for Earth's magnetic field. 
A)  life may not be limited to Earth. 
B)  life originated in outer space from nonliving matter. 
C)  comets brought Earth most of its water. 
D)  meteorites brought life to Earth. 
E)  meteorites are responsible for Earth's magnetic field.

Question 7

Life

Accepted Answer

A)  may have originated outside Earth. 
B)  required the presence of water to develop. 
C)  arises today only from other living organisms. 
D)  may exist in planets in other solar systems. 
E)  All of the above 
A)  may have originated outside Earth. 
B)  required the presence of water to develop. 
C)  arises today only from other living organisms. 
D)  may exist in planets in other solar systems. 
E)  All of the above

Question 8

According to the principle of complementary base pairing, in RNA, adenine always bonds with _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to the principle of complementary base...

Question 9

The Miller-Urey experiment showed that in any environment with conditions similar to those of Earth,

Accepted Answer

A)  inorganic molecules would react to form organic molecules. 
B)  RNA would self-replicate. 
C)  organic molecules would form primitive cells. 
D)  an oxygen atmosphere would develop. 
E)  DNA would be synthesized. 
A)  inorganic molecules would react to form organic molecules. 
B)  RNA would self-replicate. 
C)  organic molecules would form primitive cells. 
D)  an oxygen atmosphere would develop. 
E)  DNA would be synthesized.

Question 10

The "metabolism first" theory proposes that evolution first took place

Accepted Answer

A)  in RNA, which acted as both genetic material and a catalyst. 
B)  as chemical reactions that resulted in monomers. 
C)  in lipids. 
D)  in the trace elements. 
E)  in proteins. 
A)  in RNA, which acted as both genetic material and a catalyst. 
B)  as chemical reactions that resulted in monomers. 
C)  in lipids. 
D)  in the trace elements. 
E)  in proteins.

Question 11

The double-helix structure of DNA is the result of

Accepted Answer

A)  complementary base pairings. 
B)  purines bonding with pyrimidines. 
C)  the phosphodiester bonds between deoxyribose and phosphate. 
D)  hydrogen bonding of the two complementary polynucleotide strands. 
E)  ionic bonding of base pairs. 
A)  complementary base pairings. 
B)  purines bonding with pyrimidines. 
C)  the phosphodiester bonds between deoxyribose and phosphate. 
D)  hydrogen bonding of the two complementary polynucleotide strands. 
E)  ionic bonding of base pairs.

Question 12

Ribose and deoxyribose are both found in nucleic acids. The difference between ribose and deoxyribose is that

Accepted Answer

A)  deoxyribose has one less oxygen molecule than ribose has. 
B)  ribose is a pentose sugar, whereas deoxyribose is a hexose sugar. 
C)  deoxyribose is found in DNA, whereas ribose is found in RNA. 
D)  Both a and b 
E)  Both a and c 
A)  deoxyribose has one less oxygen molecule than ribose has. 
B)  ribose is a pentose sugar, whereas deoxyribose is a hexose sugar. 
C)  deoxyribose is found in DNA, whereas ribose is found in RNA. 
D)  Both a and b 
E)  Both a and c

Question 13

Adenine and guanine are classified as _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Adenine and guanine are classified as _______....

Question 14

Complementary base pairing is due to the

Accepted Answer

A)  geometry of the sugar-phosphate backbone. 
B)  pairing of a purine with a pyrimidine. 
C)  hydrogen bonding sites. 
D)  Both a and b 
E)  All of the above 
A)  geometry of the sugar-phosphate backbone. 
B)  pairing of a purine with a pyrimidine. 
C)  hydrogen bonding sites. 
D)  Both a and b 
E)  All of the above

Question 15

Which of the following statements about protocells is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  They can act as a system of interacting parts. 
B)  Their interiors are separated from their exteriors. 
C)  They are amphipathic. 
D)  They are able to replicate nucleic acids. 
E)  They can perform normal cellular metabolic reactions. 
A)  They can act as a system of interacting parts. 
B)  Their interiors are separated from their exteriors. 
C)  They are amphipathic. 
D)  They are able to replicate nucleic acids. 
E)  They can perform normal cellular metabolic reactions.

Question 16

Closely related living species should have _______ (more/less) similar base sequences than species that are more distantly related.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Closely related living species should have _______...

Question 17

Francesco Redi's experiment with flies disproved the concept of

Accepted Answer

A)  the genome. 
B)  translation. 
C)  the "central dogma." 
D)  spontaneous generation. 
E)  the protocell. 
A)  the genome. 
B)  translation. 
C)  the "central dogma." 
D)  spontaneous generation. 
E)  the protocell.

Question 18

Which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA is completely replicated but only partially transcribed. 
B)  DNA is partially replicated but completely transcribed. 
C)  Transcription is activated at different times in different cells of the body. 
D)  Both a and c are true. 
E)  Both b and c are true. 
A)  DNA is completely replicated but only partially transcribed. 
B)  DNA is partially replicated but completely transcribed. 
C)  Transcription is activated at different times in different cells of the body. 
D)  Both a and c are true. 
E)  Both b and c are true.

Question 19

The bases of nucleic acids are purines or pyrimidines. Purines and pyrimidines are distinguished by the fact that

Accepted Answer

A)  purines include the bases of cytosine and thymine; pyrimidines include the bases of adenine and guanine. 
B)  pyrimidines are found in RNA; purines are found in DNA. 
C)  purines consist of hydrogen, carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen, whereas pyrimidines have phosphorus, hydrogen, carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen. 
D)  purines only have single bonds in their structure, whereas pyrimidines have both single and double bonds in their structure. 
E)  purines are double-ring structures, whereas pyrimidines are single-ring structures. 
A)  purines include the bases of cytosine and thymine; pyrimidines include the bases of adenine and guanine. 
B)  pyrimidines are found in RNA; purines are found in DNA. 
C)  purines consist of hydrogen, carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen, whereas pyrimidines have phosphorus, hydrogen, carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen. 
D)  purines only have single bonds in their structure, whereas pyrimidines have both single and double bonds in their structure. 
E)  purines are double-ring structures, whereas pyrimidines are single-ring structures.

Question 20

Nucleotides

Accepted Answer

A)  are the monomers of DNA and RNA. 
B)  are normally present in polysaccharides. 
C)  do not play essential roles in energy transduction. 
D)  do not contain a sugar. 
E)  contain sulfur. 
A)  are the monomers of DNA and RNA. 
B)  are normally present in polysaccharides. 
C)  do not play essential roles in energy transduction. 
D)  do not contain a sugar. 
E)  contain sulfur.

Exam 4: Nucleic Acids and the Origin of Life

Examination of ice found on Mars has revealed that it contains some of the elements needed for life. Which of the following has not been found in the ice?

Which of the following was not a component of Earth's early atmosphere?

What type of bond connects two complementary nucleotides together?

The first biological catalyst may have been similar to

The process by which a RNA nucleotide sequence can specify a sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide is called _______.

Examination of ice from Mars suggests that

Life

According to the principle of complementary base pairing, in RNA, adenine always bonds with _______.

The Miller-Urey experiment showed that in any environment with conditions similar to those of Earth,

The "metabolism first" theory proposes that evolution first took place

The double-helix structure of DNA is the result of

Ribose and deoxyribose are both found in nucleic acids. The difference between ribose and deoxyribose is that

Adenine and guanine are classified as _______.

Complementary base pairing is due to the

Which of the following statements about protocells is false?

Closely related living species should have _______ (more/less) similar base sequences than species that are more distantly related.

Francesco Redi's experiment with flies disproved the concept of

Which of the following is true?

The bases of nucleic acids are purines or pyrimidines. Purines and pyrimidines are distinguished by the fact that

Nucleotides

Studying Life

Small Molecules and the Chemistry of Life

Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Lipids

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes

Cell Signaling and Communication

Energy, Enzymes, and Metabolism

Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Energy From Sunlight

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

Dna and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Gene Mutation and Molecular Medicine

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Recombinent Dna and Biotechnology

Differential Gene Expression in Development

Development and Evolutionary Change

Evidence and Mechanisms of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Species and Their Formation

Evolution of Genes and Genomes

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria and Archaea: the Prokaryotic Domains

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

Plants Without Seeds: From Water to Land

The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi: Recyclers, Pathogens, Parasites, and Plant Partners

Animal Origins and the Evolution of Body Plans

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

The Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Regulation of Plant Growth

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Environmental Challenges

Physiology, Homeostasis, and Temperature Regulation

Animal Hormones

Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons and Nervous Systems

Sensory Systems

The Mammalian Nervous System: Structure and Higher Function

Musculoskeletal Systems

Gas Exchange in Animals

Circulatory Systems

Nutrition, Digestion, and Absorption

Salt and Water Balance and Nitrogen

Animal Behavior

Ecology and the Distribution of Life

Population Ecology

Species Interaction and Coevolution

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Global Ecology

Conservation Biology

Filters