Question 1

Spontaneous generation of life from nonliving materials

Accepted Answer

A)  can occur in dark places. 
B)  has not been a belief of humans. 
C)  has never occurred. 
D)  requires only nucleotides and fatty acids. 
E)  was disproven for microorganisms by Pasteur's experiment. 
A)  can occur in dark places. 
B)  has not been a belief of humans. 
C)  has never occurred. 
D)  requires only nucleotides and fatty acids. 
E)  was disproven for microorganisms by Pasteur's experiment.

Question 2

The end product of transcription is _______ and the end product of translation is _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  proteins; DNA 
B)  proteins; RNA 
C)  RNA; DNA 
D)  DNA; RNA 
E)  RNA; proteins 
A)  proteins; DNA 
B)  proteins; RNA 
C)  RNA; DNA 
D)  DNA; RNA 
E)  RNA; proteins

Question 3

Ribozymes are

Accepted Answer

A)  enzymes that are made up of ribose sugar. 
B)  ancient catalysts that no longer exist. 
C)  RNA catalysts. 
D)  present in bacterial cells only. 
E)  less active than protein enzymes. 
A)  enzymes that are made up of ribose sugar. 
B)  ancient catalysts that no longer exist. 
C)  RNA catalysts. 
D)  present in bacterial cells only. 
E)  less active than protein enzymes.

Question 4

RNA molecules that act as catalysts are called

Accepted Answer

A)  ribozymes. 
B)  glycosidic linkages. 
C)  chaperonins. 
D)  disulfide bridges. 
E)  triglycerides. 
A)  ribozymes. 
B)  glycosidic linkages. 
C)  chaperonins. 
D)  disulfide bridges. 
E)  triglycerides.

Question 5

_______ is the theory that life's simple molecules formed in Earth's primitive environment.

Accepted Answer

The answer of _______ is the theory that life's simple...

Question 6

Molecules consisting only of a pentose sugar and a nitrogenous base are called _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Molecules consisting only of a pentose sugar...

Question 7

An individual human's genome

Accepted Answer

A)  consists only of the genes that code for specific proteins. 
B)  is identical for every individual. 
C)  is the complete set of the individual's DNA. 
D)  is the complete set of the individual's RNA. 
E)  None of the above 
A)  consists only of the genes that code for specific proteins. 
B)  is identical for every individual. 
C)  is the complete set of the individual's DNA. 
D)  is the complete set of the individual's RNA. 
E)  None of the above

Question 8

The central dogma of molecular biology states that

Accepted Answer

A)  the genetic code is ambiguous. 
B)  the information flow between DNA, RNA, and a protein is reversible. 
C)  the information flow in a cell is from DNA to RNA to protein. 
D)  the information flow in a cell is from protein to RNA to DNA. 
E)  the information flow in a cell is from DNA to a protein to RNA. 
A)  the genetic code is ambiguous. 
B)  the information flow between DNA, RNA, and a protein is reversible. 
C)  the information flow in a cell is from DNA to RNA to protein. 
D)  the information flow in a cell is from protein to RNA to DNA. 
E)  the information flow in a cell is from DNA to a protein to RNA.

Question 9

DNA differs from RNA in that DNA

Accepted Answer

A)  contains uracil and RNA does not. 
B)  is present in the cytosol and RNA is not. 
C)  contains deoxyribose. 
D)  is often single-stranded. 
E)  carries genetic information and RNA cannot. 
A)  contains uracil and RNA does not. 
B)  is present in the cytosol and RNA is not. 
C)  contains deoxyribose. 
D)  is often single-stranded. 
E)  carries genetic information and RNA cannot.

Question 10

Which of the following was a limitation of the Miller-Urey experiment in the 1950s?

Accepted Answer

A)  The experiment synthesized both D- and L-isomers of amino acids, but the amino acids in living things are always L-isomers. 
B)  The experimenters assumed that Earth's early atmosphere contained only hydrogen gas, methane, ammonia, and water vapor; however, evidence uncovered more recently suggests that Earth's early atmosphere contained many more components. 
C)  DNA is not self-catalytic. 
D)  In living organisms today, peptide linkages are catalyzed by ribozymes. 
E)  The hot temperatures of the experiments denatured some of the proteins that were synthesized. 
A)  The experiment synthesized both D- and L-isomers of amino acids, but the amino acids in living things are always L-isomers. 
B)  The experimenters assumed that Earth's early atmosphere contained only hydrogen gas, methane, ammonia, and water vapor; however, evidence uncovered more recently suggests that Earth's early atmosphere contained many more components. 
C)  DNA is not self-catalytic. 
D)  In living organisms today, peptide linkages are catalyzed by ribozymes. 
E)  The hot temperatures of the experiments denatured some of the proteins that were synthesized.

Question 11

Which evidence supports the argument that life may have come from outside Earth?

Accepted Answer

A)  Reorientation studies indicate that long interplanetary trips by living organisms is possible. 
B)  Macromolecules unique to life have been found in meteorites. 
C)  Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons have been found in meteorites. 
D)  Magnetite, an iron oxide mineral made by many living organisms on Earth has been found in meteorites. 
E)  All of the above 
A)  Reorientation studies indicate that long interplanetary trips by living organisms is possible. 
B)  Macromolecules unique to life have been found in meteorites. 
C)  Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons have been found in meteorites. 
D)  Magnetite, an iron oxide mineral made by many living organisms on Earth has been found in meteorites. 
E)  All of the above

Question 12

In the origin of life, _______ may have evolved first, followed by _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  proteins; amino acids 
B)  DNA; RNA 
C)  RNA; DNA 
D)  RNA; nucleic acids 
E)  All of the above appeared at the same time. 
A)  proteins; amino acids 
B)  DNA; RNA 
C)  RNA; DNA 
D)  RNA; nucleic acids 
E)  All of the above appeared at the same time.

Question 13

The diversity in DNA molecules is due to

Accepted Answer

A)  physical shape differences of the molecule. 
B)  functional differences in DNA molecules. 
C)  base sequence differences in the DNA molecule. 
D)  hydrogen bonding differences found in the DNA molecule. 
E)  complementary base pairing differences in DNA molecules. 
A)  physical shape differences of the molecule. 
B)  functional differences in DNA molecules. 
C)  base sequence differences in the DNA molecule. 
D)  hydrogen bonding differences found in the DNA molecule. 
E)  complementary base pairing differences in DNA molecules.

Question 14

A nucleotide contains a pentose sugar, a phosphate group, and

Accepted Answer

A)  a lipid. 
B)  an acid. 
C)  a nitrogen-containing base. 
D)  an amino acid. 
E)  a glycerol. 
A)  a lipid. 
B)  an acid. 
C)  a nitrogen-containing base. 
D)  an amino acid. 
E)  a glycerol.

Question 15

Examination of meteorites suggests that

Accepted Answer

A)  life is not limited to Earth. 
B)  life originated in outer space from nonliving matter. 
C)  comets brought Earth most of its water. 
D)  meteorites brought life to Earth. 
E)  meteorites are responsible for Earth's magnetic field. 
A)  life is not limited to Earth. 
B)  life originated in outer space from nonliving matter. 
C)  comets brought Earth most of its water. 
D)  meteorites brought life to Earth. 
E)  meteorites are responsible for Earth's magnetic field.

Question 16

The "backbone" of a nucleic acid molecule is made of

Accepted Answer

A)  nitrogenous bases. 
B)  alternating sugars and phosphate groups. 
C)  purines. 
D)  pyrimidines. 
E)  nucleosides. 
A)  nitrogenous bases. 
B)  alternating sugars and phosphate groups. 
C)  purines. 
D)  pyrimidines. 
E)  nucleosides.

Question 17

The complete set of DNA in a living organism is called its _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The complete set of DNA in a...

Question 18

Purines have a _______-ring structure; pyrimidines have a _______ ring.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Purines have a _______-ring structure; pyrimidines have...

Question 19

A prerequisite for life on Earth or any other planet is

Accepted Answer

A)  sunlight. 
B)  water. 
C)  amino acids. 
D)  nitrogen. 
E)  carbon dioxide. 
A)  sunlight. 
B)  water. 
C)  amino acids. 
D)  nitrogen. 
E)  carbon dioxide.

Question 20

Life on Earth arose approximately _______ years ago.

Accepted Answer

A)  6.4 billion 
B)  4 billion 
C)  600 million 
D)  2,000 
E)  2 million 
A)  6.4 billion 
B)  4 billion 
C)  600 million 
D)  2,000 
E)  2 million

Exam 4: Nucleic Acids and the Origin of Life

Spontaneous generation of life from nonliving materials

The end product of transcription is _______ and the end product of translation is _______.

Ribozymes are

RNA molecules that act as catalysts are called

_______ is the theory that life's simple molecules formed in Earth's primitive environment.

Molecules consisting only of a pentose sugar and a nitrogenous base are called _______.

An individual human's genome

The central dogma of molecular biology states that

DNA differs from RNA in that DNA

Which of the following was a limitation of the Miller-Urey experiment in the 1950s?

Which evidence supports the argument that life may have come from outside Earth?

In the origin of life, _______ may have evolved first, followed by _______.

The diversity in DNA molecules is due to

A nucleotide contains a pentose sugar, a phosphate group, and

Examination of meteorites suggests that

The "backbone" of a nucleic acid molecule is made of

The complete set of DNA in a living organism is called its _______.

Purines have a _______-ring structure; pyrimidines have a _______ ring.

A prerequisite for life on Earth or any other planet is

Life on Earth arose approximately _______ years ago.

Studying Life

Small Molecules and the Chemistry of Life

Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Lipids

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes

Cell Signaling and Communication

Energy, Enzymes, and Metabolism

Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Energy From Sunlight

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

Dna and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Gene Mutation and Molecular Medicine

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Recombinent Dna and Biotechnology

Differential Gene Expression in Development

Development and Evolutionary Change

Evidence and Mechanisms of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Species and Their Formation

Evolution of Genes and Genomes

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria and Archaea: the Prokaryotic Domains

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

Plants Without Seeds: From Water to Land

The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi: Recyclers, Pathogens, Parasites, and Plant Partners

Animal Origins and the Evolution of Body Plans

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

The Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Regulation of Plant Growth

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Environmental Challenges

Physiology, Homeostasis, and Temperature Regulation

Animal Hormones

Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons and Nervous Systems

Sensory Systems

The Mammalian Nervous System: Structure and Higher Function

Musculoskeletal Systems

Gas Exchange in Animals

Circulatory Systems

Nutrition, Digestion, and Absorption

Salt and Water Balance and Nitrogen

Animal Behavior

Ecology and the Distribution of Life

Population Ecology

Species Interaction and Coevolution

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Global Ecology

Conservation Biology

Filters

The end product of transcription is _ and the end product of translation is _.

In the origin of life, _ may have evolved first, followed by _.

Purines have a _-ring structure; pyrimidines have a _ ring.