Question 1

Replication is the synthesis of _______ and transcription, the synthesis of _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  an RNA copy of DNA; an exact copy of DNA 
B)  an exact copy of DNA; proteins 
C)  an exact copy of RNA; an exact copy of DNA 
D)  proteins; an RNA copy of DNA 
E)  an exact copy of DNA; an RNA copy of DNA 
A)  an RNA copy of DNA; an exact copy of DNA 
B)  an exact copy of DNA; proteins 
C)  an exact copy of RNA; an exact copy of DNA 
D)  proteins; an RNA copy of DNA 
E)  an exact copy of DNA; an RNA copy of DNA

Question 2

Which is a difference between DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA is single-stranded and RNA is double-stranded. 
B)  DNA is only informational and RNA is only catalytic. 
C)  DNA contains deoxyribose and RNA contains ribose. 
D)  DNA is transcribed and RNA is replicated. 
E)  DNA contains uracil (U) and RNA contains thymine (T). 
A)  DNA is single-stranded and RNA is double-stranded. 
B)  DNA is only informational and RNA is only catalytic. 
C)  DNA contains deoxyribose and RNA contains ribose. 
D)  DNA is transcribed and RNA is replicated. 
E)  DNA contains uracil (U) and RNA contains thymine (T).

Question 3

The four nitrogenous bases of RNA are abbreviated as

Accepted Answer

A)  A, G, C, and T. 
B)  A, G, T, and N. 
C)  G, C, U, and N. 
D)  A, G, U, and T. 
E)  A, G, C, and U. 
A)  A, G, C, and T. 
B)  A, G, T, and N. 
C)  G, C, U, and N. 
D)  A, G, U, and T. 
E)  A, G, C, and U.

Question 4

What is attached to the 5´-carbon of deoxyribose in DNA?

Accepted Answer

A)  Adenine 
B)  Phosphate 
C)  Guanine 
D)  Thymine 
E)  Hydrogen 
A)  Adenine 
B)  Phosphate 
C)  Guanine 
D)  Thymine 
E)  Hydrogen

Question 5

Life is thought to have originated

Accepted Answer

A)  on land. 
B)  in the air. 
C)  underground. 
D)  in water. 
E)  All of the above 
A)  on land. 
B)  in the air. 
C)  underground. 
D)  in water. 
E)  All of the above

Question 6

What is the nucleotide sequence of the complementary strand of the DNA molecule: A A T G C G A?

Accepted Answer

A)  T T A C G C T 
B)  A A T G C G A 
C)  G G C A T A G 
D)  C C G T T A T 
E)  A G C G T A A 
A)  T T A C G C T 
B)  A A T G C G A 
C)  G G C A T A G 
D)  C C G T T A T 
E)  A G C G T A A

Question 7

Complementary base pairing can be explained by

Accepted Answer

A)  the relative sizes of purines and pyrimidines. 
B)  the alternating sugar-phosphate groups. 
C)  an examination of evolutionary relationships. 
D)  the differences found in RNA and DNA. 
E)  the diversity found in proteins. 
A)  the relative sizes of purines and pyrimidines. 
B)  the alternating sugar-phosphate groups. 
C)  an examination of evolutionary relationships. 
D)  the differences found in RNA and DNA. 
E)  the diversity found in proteins.

Question 8

In DNA, A pairs with T, and C pairs with G; these are examples of a specific type of reaction called

Accepted Answer

A)  complementary base pairing. 
B)  a dehydration reaction. 
C)  a reduction reaction. 
D)  a hydrophobic reaction. 
E)  a purine-purine reaction. 
A)  complementary base pairing. 
B)  a dehydration reaction. 
C)  a reduction reaction. 
D)  a hydrophobic reaction. 
E)  a purine-purine reaction.

Question 9

A laboratory model of a prebiotic structure that resembles modern cells is called a _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A laboratory model of a prebiotic structure...

Question 10

Redi worked with _______ to disprove the idea of spontaneous generation.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Redi worked with _______ to disprove the...

Question 11

Which of the following depend on complementary base pairing?

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA replication 
B)  Transcription 
C)  Translation 
D)  Both a and b 
E)  All of the above 
A)  DNA replication 
B)  Transcription 
C)  Translation 
D)  Both a and b 
E)  All of the above

Question 12

Spontaneous generation was finally disproved by

Accepted Answer

A)  Stanley Miller. 
B)  Harold Urey. 
C)  Francesco Redi and Louis Pasteur. 
D)  Allan Hills. 
E)  Johannes van der Waals. 
A)  Stanley Miller. 
B)  Harold Urey. 
C)  Francesco Redi and Louis Pasteur. 
D)  Allan Hills. 
E)  Johannes van der Waals.

Question 13

There are several hypotheses considered for the pathway to life. The "metabolism (chemical changes) first" pathway has an advantage over the "replicator first" hypothesis in that

Accepted Answer

A)  it can explain why polymers of nucleic acids are not detected in the prebiotic model systems. 
B)  it avoids the problem that DNA is not self-catalytic. 
C)  RNA does not have to possess catalytic activity. 
D)  metabolism could not provide the energy needed for RNA synthesis. 
E)  RNA synthesis is a spontaneous reaction. 
A)  it can explain why polymers of nucleic acids are not detected in the prebiotic model systems. 
B)  it avoids the problem that DNA is not self-catalytic. 
C)  RNA does not have to possess catalytic activity. 
D)  metabolism could not provide the energy needed for RNA synthesis. 
E)  RNA synthesis is a spontaneous reaction.

Question 14

Which of the following is a plausible explanation for the presence of carbon dioxide in Earth's early atmosphere?

Accepted Answer

A)  Volcanic eruptions could have released carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. 
B)  Cyanbacteria were present on Earth 3.5 billion years ago. 
C)  Retroviruses catalyzed the formation of carbon dioxide. 
D)  Geysers may have produced the Earth's early environment. 
E)  Chemical reactions with water resulted in the formation of carbon dioxide. 
A)  Volcanic eruptions could have released carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. 
B)  Cyanbacteria were present on Earth 3.5 billion years ago. 
C)  Retroviruses catalyzed the formation of carbon dioxide. 
D)  Geysers may have produced the Earth's early environment. 
E)  Chemical reactions with water resulted in the formation of carbon dioxide.

Question 15

The theory that life may have come from outside of Earth assumes that _______ brought life to Earth.

Accepted Answer

A)  protocells 
B)  the moon 
C)  volcanic eruptions 
D)  meteorites 
E)  All of the above 
A)  protocells 
B)  the moon 
C)  volcanic eruptions 
D)  meteorites 
E)  All of the above

Question 16

The process by which DNA makes an exact copy of itself is called _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The process by which DNA makes an...

Question 17

A nucleotide in DNA is made up of

Accepted Answer

A)  four bases. 
B)  a base plus a ribose sugar. 
C)  a base plus a deoxyribose sugar plus phosphate. 
D)  a sugar plus a phosphate. 
E)  a sugar and a base. 
A)  four bases. 
B)  a base plus a ribose sugar. 
C)  a base plus a deoxyribose sugar plus phosphate. 
D)  a sugar plus a phosphate. 
E)  a sugar and a base.

Question 18

DNA differs from RNA in that

Accepted Answer

A)  RNA contains uracil instead of thymine. 
B)  RNA is single stranded; DNA is double stranded. 
C)  RNA leaves the nucleus: DNA does not. 
D)  RNA contains ribose; DNA contains deoxyribose. 
E)  All of the above 
A)  RNA contains uracil instead of thymine. 
B)  RNA is single stranded; DNA is double stranded. 
C)  RNA leaves the nucleus: DNA does not. 
D)  RNA contains ribose; DNA contains deoxyribose. 
E)  All of the above

Question 19

Nucleotides in RNA are connected to one another in the polynucleotide chain by

Accepted Answer

A)  covalent bonds between bases. 
B)  covalent bonds between sugars. 
C)  covalent bonds between sugar and phosphate. 
D)  hydrogen bonds between purines. 
E)  hydrogen bonds between any bases. 
A)  covalent bonds between bases. 
B)  covalent bonds between sugars. 
C)  covalent bonds between sugar and phosphate. 
D)  hydrogen bonds between purines. 
E)  hydrogen bonds between any bases.

Question 20

One of the first steps leading to a cell that could reproduce may have been the formation of protocells. What characteristics may have allowed protocells to be the precursors to the living cell?

Accepted Answer

Protocells are lipid bilayers that allow

Exam 4: Nucleic Acids and the Origin of Life

Replication is the synthesis of _______ and transcription, the synthesis of _______.

Which is a difference between DNA and RNA?

The four nitrogenous bases of RNA are abbreviated as

What is attached to the 5´-carbon of deoxyribose in DNA?

Life is thought to have originated

What is the nucleotide sequence of the complementary strand of the DNA molecule: A A T G C G A?

Complementary base pairing can be explained by

In DNA, A pairs with T, and C pairs with G; these are examples of a specific type of reaction called

A laboratory model of a prebiotic structure that resembles modern cells is called a _______.

Redi worked with _______ to disprove the idea of spontaneous generation.

Which of the following depend on complementary base pairing?

Spontaneous generation was finally disproved by

There are several hypotheses considered for the pathway to life. The "metabolism (chemical changes) first" pathway has an advantage over the "replicator first" hypothesis in that

Which of the following is a plausible explanation for the presence of carbon dioxide in Earth's early atmosphere?

The theory that life may have come from outside of Earth assumes that _______ brought life to Earth.

The process by which DNA makes an exact copy of itself is called _______.

A nucleotide in DNA is made up of

DNA differs from RNA in that

Nucleotides in RNA are connected to one another in the polynucleotide chain by

One of the first steps leading to a cell that could reproduce may have been the formation of protocells. What characteristics may have allowed protocells to be the precursors to the living cell?

Studying Life

Small Molecules and the Chemistry of Life

Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Lipids

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes

Cell Signaling and Communication

Energy, Enzymes, and Metabolism

Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Energy From Sunlight

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

Dna and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Gene Mutation and Molecular Medicine

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Recombinent Dna and Biotechnology

Differential Gene Expression in Development

Development and Evolutionary Change

Evidence and Mechanisms of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Species and Their Formation

Evolution of Genes and Genomes

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria and Archaea: the Prokaryotic Domains

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

Plants Without Seeds: From Water to Land

The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi: Recyclers, Pathogens, Parasites, and Plant Partners

Animal Origins and the Evolution of Body Plans

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

The Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Regulation of Plant Growth

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Environmental Challenges

Physiology, Homeostasis, and Temperature Regulation

Animal Hormones

Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons and Nervous Systems

Sensory Systems

The Mammalian Nervous System: Structure and Higher Function

Musculoskeletal Systems

Gas Exchange in Animals

Circulatory Systems

Nutrition, Digestion, and Absorption

Salt and Water Balance and Nitrogen

Animal Behavior

Ecology and the Distribution of Life

Population Ecology

Species Interaction and Coevolution

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Global Ecology

Conservation Biology

Filters

Replication is the synthesis of _ and transcription, the synthesis of _.