Question 1

Malte Andersson's study of widowbirds demonstrated that

Accepted Answer

A)  females prefer males with unaltered tails. 
B)  the preferences of females change according to the season. 
C)  sexually selected traits have no benefits or costs to survivorship. 
D)  long tails help males compete against other males. 
E)  females prefer males with longer-than-average tails. 
A)  females prefer males with unaltered tails. 
B)  the preferences of females change according to the season. 
C)  sexually selected traits have no benefits or costs to survivorship. 
D)  long tails help males compete against other males. 
E)  females prefer males with longer-than-average tails. E

Question 2

The ability to taste the chemical PTC (phenylthiocarbamide) is determined in humans by a dominant allele T, with tasters having the genotypes Tt or TT and nontasters having tt. If 36 percent of the members of a population cannot taste PTC, then according to the Hardy-Weinberg rule, the frequency of the T allele should be

Accepted Answer

A)  0.36. 
B)  0.4. 
C)  0.6. 
D)  0.64. 
E)  0.8 
A)  0.36. 
B)  0.4. 
C)  0.6. 
D)  0.64. 
E)  0.8 B

Question 3

Use the following to answer questions:
In a population of 200 individuals, 72 are homozygous recessive for the character of eye color (cc). One hundred individuals from this population die from a fatal disease. Thirty-six of the survivors are homozygous recessive.
-In the new population, the frequency of the dominant allele is

Accepted Answer

A)  0.16. 
B)  0.36. 
C)  0.40. 
D)  0.48. 
E)  0.60. 
A)  0.16. 
B)  0.36. 
C)  0.40. 
D)  0.48. 
E)  0.60. C

Question 4

Which of the following statements about genetic drift as an evolutionary factor is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is more significant in a population with small numbers than in a population with large numbers. 
B)  It is responsible for the selection of mutations. 
C)  It is connected to the movements of alleles between populations of a single species. 
D)  Its strength is proportional to the size of a population: the larger the population, the greater the force. 
E)  Both a and b 
A)  It is more significant in a population with small numbers than in a population with large numbers. 
B)  It is responsible for the selection of mutations. 
C)  It is connected to the movements of alleles between populations of a single species. 
D)  Its strength is proportional to the size of a population: the larger the population, the greater the force. 
E)  Both a and b

Question 5

Which of the following statements about Mendelian populations is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  It must consist of members of the same species. 
B)  It must have members that are capable of interbreeding. 
C)  It must show genetic variation. 
D)  It must have a gene pool. 
E)  All of the above 
A)  It must consist of members of the same species. 
B)  It must have members that are capable of interbreeding. 
C)  It must show genetic variation. 
D)  It must have a gene pool. 
E)  All of the above

Question 6

Genetic drift affects small populations more than large ones. Why?

Accepted Answer

A)  Genetic drift drives the extinction of many species. 
B)  Random changes in allele frequencies from one generation to the next can produce large changes in allele frequencies over time, allowing harmful alleles to increase in frequency. 
C)  Genetic drift in fact affects larger populations more than smaller ones. 
D)  Genetic drift drives the movement of many species worldwide causing populations size to reduce even further. 
E)  Genetic drift affects all populations equally. 
A)  Genetic drift drives the extinction of many species. 
B)  Random changes in allele frequencies from one generation to the next can produce large changes in allele frequencies over time, allowing harmful alleles to increase in frequency. 
C)  Genetic drift in fact affects larger populations more than smaller ones. 
D)  Genetic drift drives the movement of many species worldwide causing populations size to reduce even further. 
E)  Genetic drift affects all populations equally.

Question 7

In areas of Africa in which malaria is prevalent, many human populations exist in which the allele that produces sickle-cell disease and the allele for normal red blood cells occur at constant frequencies, despite the fact that sickle-cell disease frequently causes death at an early age. This phenomenon is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  the founder effect. 
B)  a stable polymorphism. 
C)  mutation. 
D)  nonrandom mating. 
E)  Both b and c 
A)  the founder effect. 
B)  a stable polymorphism. 
C)  mutation. 
D)  nonrandom mating. 
E)  Both b and c

Question 8

Use the following to answer questions:
Suppose you have a population of flour beetles with 1,000 individuals. Normally the beetles are red; however, this population is polymorphic for a mutant autosomal body color, black, designated by b/b. Red is dominant to black, so B/B and B/b genotypes are red. Assume the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, with equal frequencies of the two alleles.
-What would be the expected frequencies of the homozygous dominant, heterozygous, and homozygous recessive after 100 generations?

Accepted Answer

A)  0.75; 0.20; 0.05 
B)  0.25; 0.5; 0.25 
C)  All red, because it is the natural color. 
D)  All black, because all red alleles would mutate to black. 
E)  None of the above 
A)  0.75; 0.20; 0.05 
B)  0.25; 0.5; 0.25 
C)  All red, because it is the natural color. 
D)  All black, because all red alleles would mutate to black. 
E)  None of the above

Question 9

Although Darwin's voyage aboard the HMS Beagle took him around the world, most of his observations on natural history were made on the continent of _______ and its nearby islands.

Accepted Answer

A)  Europe 
B)  North America 
C)  South America 
D)  Asia 
E)  Africa 
A)  Europe 
B)  North America 
C)  South America 
D)  Asia 
E)  Africa

Question 10

The pin/thrum flower polymorphism in primroses

Accepted Answer

A)  is an example of nonrandom mating. 
B)  ensures that pollination occurs between individuals of the same genotype. 
C)  alters allele frequencies. 
D)  exists because pollen grains from pin and thrum flowers are deposited on the same parts of the body of insects that visit the flowers. 
E)  is a form of self-fertilization. 
A)  is an example of nonrandom mating. 
B)  ensures that pollination occurs between individuals of the same genotype. 
C)  alters allele frequencies. 
D)  exists because pollen grains from pin and thrum flowers are deposited on the same parts of the body of insects that visit the flowers. 
E)  is a form of self-fertilization.

Question 11

The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is not applicable under which of the following conditions?

Accepted Answer

A)  Random mating 
B)  Large population size 
C)  No gene flow 
D)  Asexual reproduction 
E)  No mutations 
A)  Random mating 
B)  Large population size 
C)  No gene flow 
D)  Asexual reproduction 
E)  No mutations

Question 12

Muller's ratchet is the

Accepted Answer

A)  breaking down of adaptive combinations of genes by recombination. 
B)  elimination of deleterious mutations due to sexual reproduction. 
C)  accumulation of deleterious mutations in asexual lineages. 
D)  crossing over and independent assortment of chromosomes during meiosis. 
E)  maintenance of genetic variation via disruptive selection. 
A)  breaking down of adaptive combinations of genes by recombination. 
B)  elimination of deleterious mutations due to sexual reproduction. 
C)  accumulation of deleterious mutations in asexual lineages. 
D)  crossing over and independent assortment of chromosomes during meiosis. 
E)  maintenance of genetic variation via disruptive selection.

Question 13

Use the following to answer questions:
Refer to the graph below, showing beak size for a population of a species of Darwin's finches.  
-Draw a graph showing what the resulting population would look like after a generation of strong disruptive selection.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Use the following to answer questions:
Refer to...

Question 14

Which of the following statements about self-fertilization is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is a form of nonrandom mating. 
B)  It can cause deviations from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. 
C)  It reduces the frequency of heterozygotes. 
D)  It increases the frequency of homozygotes. 
E)  It changes allele frequencies. 
A)  It is a form of nonrandom mating. 
B)  It can cause deviations from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. 
C)  It reduces the frequency of heterozygotes. 
D)  It increases the frequency of homozygotes. 
E)  It changes allele frequencies.

Question 15

Use the following to answer questions:
Refer to the graph below, showing beak size for a population of a species of Darwin's finches.  
-Draw a graph showing what the resulting population would look like after a generation of stronger stabilizing selection.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Use the following to answer questions:
Refer to...

Question 16

Which of the following is the most likely reason that we need to develop a new flu vaccine every year?

Accepted Answer

A)  The flu virus evolves due to negative selection. 
B)  The flu virus evolves due to positive selection. 
C)  The vaccine evolves due to negative selection. 
D)  Humans evolve from year to year. 
E)  Our immune system degrades over time. 
A)  The flu virus evolves due to negative selection. 
B)  The flu virus evolves due to positive selection. 
C)  The vaccine evolves due to negative selection. 
D)  Humans evolve from year to year. 
E)  Our immune system degrades over time.

Question 17

The appropriate unit for defining and measuring genetic variation is the

Accepted Answer

A)  cell. 
B)  individual. 
C)  population. 
D)  community. 
E)  ecosystem. 
A)  cell. 
B)  individual. 
C)  population. 
D)  community. 
E)  ecosystem.

Question 18

In small populations, the random process of _______ can cause large changes in allele frequency from one generation to the next.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In small populations, the random process of...

Question 19

Which of the following best describes natural selection?

Accepted Answer

A)  Chance variations in traits 
B)  The differential survival and reproduction of ­individuals 
C)  The processes that lead individuals to resemble their parents 
D)  The potential for all species to increase rapidly in number 
E)  The immutability of species 
A)  Chance variations in traits 
B)  The differential survival and reproduction of ­individuals 
C)  The processes that lead individuals to resemble their parents 
D)  The potential for all species to increase rapidly in number 
E)  The immutability of species

Question 20

The frequency of one allele of a monomorphic locus (A and a) in a population is known. Assume Hardy-Weinberg conditions hold true. Which of the following statements is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  The frequency of heterozygotes is given by (p + q)/N, where N is the number of individuals in the population. 
B)  There is sufficient information given to calculate the frequency of heterozygotes (Aa). 
C)  The frequency of a is given by 1 - p. 
D)  The frequency of A is given by 1 - q. 
E)  The frequency of a is dependent of that of A. 
A)  The frequency of heterozygotes is given by (p + q)/N, where N is the number of individuals in the population. 
B)  There is sufficient information given to calculate the frequency of heterozygotes (Aa). 
C)  The frequency of a is given by 1 - p. 
D)  The frequency of A is given by 1 - q. 
E)  The frequency of a is dependent of that of A.

Exam 21: Evidence and Mechanisms of Evolution

Malte Andersson's study of widowbirds demonstrated that

Which of the following statements about genetic drift as an evolutionary factor is true?

Which of the following statements about Mendelian populations is false?

Genetic drift affects small populations more than large ones. Why?

Although Darwin's voyage aboard the HMS Beagle took him around the world, most of his observations on natural history were made on the continent of _______ and its nearby islands.

The pin/thrum flower polymorphism in primroses

The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is not applicable under which of the following conditions?

Muller's ratchet is the

Use the following to answer questions: Refer to the graph below, showing beak size for a population of a species of Darwin's finches. -Draw a graph showing what the resulting population would look like after a generation of strong disruptive selection.

Which of the following statements about self-fertilization is false?

Use the following to answer questions: Refer to the graph below, showing beak size for a population of a species of Darwin's finches. -Draw a graph showing what the resulting population would look like after a generation of stronger stabilizing selection.

Which of the following is the most likely reason that we need to develop a new flu vaccine every year?

The appropriate unit for defining and measuring genetic variation is the

In small populations, the random process of _______ can cause large changes in allele frequency from one generation to the next.

Which of the following best describes natural selection?

The frequency of one allele of a monomorphic locus (A and a) in a population is known. Assume Hardy-Weinberg conditions hold true. Which of the following statements is false?

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