Question 1

If the frequency of one allele at a locus with two alleles is 0.73, the frequency of the other allele must be _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of If the frequency of one allele at...

Question 2

The frequency of A alleles is 0.2. The frequency of heterozygotes for this allele is

Accepted Answer

A)  0.8. 
B)  0.4. 
C)  0.16. 
D)  0.32. 
E)  0.08. 
A)  0.8. 
B)  0.4. 
C)  0.16. 
D)  0.32. 
E)  0.08.

Question 3

The origin of genetic variation is

Accepted Answer

A)  mutation. 
B)  gene flow. 
C)  genetic drift. 
D)  natural selection. 
E)  nonrandom mating. 
A)  mutation. 
B)  gene flow. 
C)  genetic drift. 
D)  natural selection. 
E)  nonrandom mating.

Question 4

The equation p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1 is known as the _______ equation.

Accepted Answer

Question 5

Which of the following evolutionary agents would produce nonrandom changes in the genetic structure of a population?

Accepted Answer

A)  Self-fertilization 
B)  Population bottlenecks 
C)  Mutation 
D)  Natural selection 
E)  Both a and d 
A)  Self-fertilization 
B)  Population bottlenecks 
C)  Mutation 
D)  Natural selection 
E)  Both a and d

Question 6

Height in humans is largely, but not completely, due to a person's genotype. Thus, we can say that human height is a(n) _______ trait.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Height in humans is largely, but not...

Question 7

The frequency of alleles for a given monomorphic locus (A and a) in two subpopulations of the same species

Accepted Answer

A)  is necessarily the same in both populations. 
B)  can vary from p + q = 1. 
C)  is N = NAA + NAa + Naa (where N is the number of individuals in the populations) in both populations. 
D)  is always lower for the heterozygote. 
E)  is always lower for the homozygotes. 
A)  is necessarily the same in both populations. 
B)  can vary from p + q = 1. 
C)  is N = NAA + NAa + Naa (where N is the number of individuals in the populations) in both populations. 
D)  is always lower for the heterozygote. 
E)  is always lower for the homozygotes.

Question 8

Random genetic drift would probably have its greatest effect on a

Accepted Answer

A)  small, isolated population. 
B)  large population in which mating is nonrandom. 
C)  large population in which mating is random. 
D)  large population with regular immigration from a neighboring population. 
E)  large population with a high mutation rate. 
A)  small, isolated population. 
B)  large population in which mating is nonrandom. 
C)  large population in which mating is random. 
D)  large population with regular immigration from a neighboring population. 
E)  large population with a high mutation rate.

Question 9

Which of the following processes results in adaptation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mutation 
B)  Natural selection 
C)  Genetic drift 
D)  Migration 
E)  Nonrandom mating 
A)  Mutation 
B)  Natural selection 
C)  Genetic drift 
D)  Migration 
E)  Nonrandom mating

Question 10

If there is only one allele at a locus in a particular population, that allele is said to be _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of If there is only one allele at...

Question 11

Which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Darwin and Wallace were both influenced by Malthus. 
B)  Wallace proposed a theory of evolution by natural selection that was similar to Darwin's. 
C)  Malthus claimed that because human population growth would outstrip any increases in food production, famine was a likely result. 
D)  Darwin realized that all populations had the capacity to rapidly increase in numbers. 
E)  All of the above 
A)  Darwin and Wallace were both influenced by Malthus. 
B)  Wallace proposed a theory of evolution by natural selection that was similar to Darwin's. 
C)  Malthus claimed that because human population growth would outstrip any increases in food production, famine was a likely result. 
D)  Darwin realized that all populations had the capacity to rapidly increase in numbers. 
E)  All of the above

Question 12

_______ selection operates if individuals within a population with the smallest and largest body sizes have fewer offspring than those of average body size.

Accepted Answer

A)  Stabilizing 
B)  Destabilizing 
C)  Sexual 
D)  Directional 
E)  Disruptive 
A)  Stabilizing 
B)  Destabilizing 
C)  Sexual 
D)  Directional 
E)  Disruptive

Question 13

Which of the following statements is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  The size of cells is constrained by the dictates of physics and chemistry. 
B)  Evolutionary biologists agree about the extent to which the lack of genetic variation constrains the rate and direction of evolution. 
C)  Developmental processes can constrain evolution. 
D)  For an adaptation to evolve, the fitness benefits it confers must exceed the fitness costs it imposes. 
E)  All of the above are true; none is false. 
A)  The size of cells is constrained by the dictates of physics and chemistry. 
B)  Evolutionary biologists agree about the extent to which the lack of genetic variation constrains the rate and direction of evolution. 
C)  Developmental processes can constrain evolution. 
D)  For an adaptation to evolve, the fitness benefits it confers must exceed the fitness costs it imposes. 
E)  All of the above are true; none is false.

Question 14

In Drosophila melanogaster, body size increases as the distance from the equator increases, at least partly due to genetic differences. Population geneticists refer to such a geographical pattern as a(n) _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In Drosophila melanogaster, body size increases as...

Question 15

If a population with two alleles is at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and the frequency of one allele is 0.7, what is the heterozygote frequency?

Accepted Answer

A)  0.7 
B)  0.42 
C)  0.3 
D)  0.21 
E)  Insufficient information is given to answer the question. 
A)  0.7 
B)  0.42 
C)  0.3 
D)  0.21 
E)  Insufficient information is given to answer the question.

Question 16

A gene in humans has two alleles, M and N, that code for different surface proteins on red blood cells. If you know that the frequency of allele M is 0.2, according to the Hardy-Weinberg rule, the frequency of the genotype MN in the population should be

Accepted Answer

A)  0.16. 
B)  0.2. 
C)  0.32. 
D)  0.64. 
E)  0.8. 
A)  0.16. 
B)  0.2. 
C)  0.32. 
D)  0.64. 
E)  0.8.

Question 17

Which of the following statements about the relationship between genotype and phenotype is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  A given genotype always produces a specific phenotype. 
B)  Genotypes alone determine all phenotypes. 
C)  A particular phenotype can be produced by more than one genotype. 
D)  Dominance makes the study of the genetic basis of natural selection easy. 
E)  None of the above 
A)  A given genotype always produces a specific phenotype. 
B)  Genotypes alone determine all phenotypes. 
C)  A particular phenotype can be produced by more than one genotype. 
D)  Dominance makes the study of the genetic basis of natural selection easy. 
E)  None of the above

Question 18

If the frequency of allele b in a gene pool is 0.2, and the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the expected frequency of the genotype bbbb in a tetraploid (4n) plant species would be

Accepted Answer

A)  0.0016. 
B)  0.04. 
C)  0.08. 
D)  0.2. 
E)  The answer cannot be determined from this information. 
A)  0.0016. 
B)  0.04. 
C)  0.08. 
D)  0.2. 
E)  The answer cannot be determined from this information.

Question 19

One disadvantage of sexual reproduction is that _______ breaks up adaptive combinations of genes.

Accepted Answer

The answer of One disadvantage of sexual reproduction is that...

Question 20

Which of the following explanations has not been proposed as an explanation for the existence of sexual reproduction?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sexual reproduction facilitates repair of damaged DNA. 
B)  Sexual reproduction promotes the elimination of deleterious mutations. 
C)  Sexual reproduction accelerates Muller's ratchet. 
D)  Sexual reproduction creates a great diversity of genetic combinations that allows populations to adapt to the presence of pathogens. 
E)  None of the above; all of the above explanations have been proposed for the existence of sexual reproduction. 
A)  Sexual reproduction facilitates repair of damaged DNA. 
B)  Sexual reproduction promotes the elimination of deleterious mutations. 
C)  Sexual reproduction accelerates Muller's ratchet. 
D)  Sexual reproduction creates a great diversity of genetic combinations that allows populations to adapt to the presence of pathogens. 
E)  None of the above; all of the above explanations have been proposed for the existence of sexual reproduction.

Exam 21: Evidence and Mechanisms of Evolution

If the frequency of one allele at a locus with two alleles is 0.73, the frequency of the other allele must be _______.

The frequency of A alleles is 0.2. The frequency of heterozygotes for this allele is

The origin of genetic variation is

The equation p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1 is known as the _______ equation.

Which of the following evolutionary agents would produce nonrandom changes in the genetic structure of a population?

Height in humans is largely, but not completely, due to a person's genotype. Thus, we can say that human height is a(n) _______ trait.

The frequency of alleles for a given monomorphic locus (A and a) in two subpopulations of the same species

Random genetic drift would probably have its greatest effect on a

Which of the following processes results in adaptation?

If there is only one allele at a locus in a particular population, that allele is said to be _______.

Which of the following is true?

_______ selection operates if individuals within a population with the smallest and largest body sizes have fewer offspring than those of average body size.

Which of the following statements is false?

In Drosophila melanogaster, body size increases as the distance from the equator increases, at least partly due to genetic differences. Population geneticists refer to such a geographical pattern as a(n) _______.

If a population with two alleles is at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and the frequency of one allele is 0.7, what is the heterozygote frequency?

A gene in humans has two alleles, M and N, that code for different surface proteins on red blood cells. If you know that the frequency of allele M is 0.2, according to the Hardy-Weinberg rule, the frequency of the genotype MN in the population should be

Which of the following statements about the relationship between genotype and phenotype is true?

If the frequency of allele b in a gene pool is 0.2, and the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the expected frequency of the genotype bbbb in a tetraploid (4n) plant species would be

One disadvantage of sexual reproduction is that _______ breaks up adaptive combinations of genes.

Which of the following explanations has not been proposed as an explanation for the existence of sexual reproduction?

Studying Life

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Nucleic Acids and the Origin of Life

Cells: the Working Units of Life

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Cell Signaling and Communication

Energy, Enzymes, and Metabolism

Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Energy From Sunlight

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

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The equation p² + 2pq + q² = 1 is known as the _______ equation.