Question 1

Bacteria have a short sequence called _______, where DNA synthesis ends.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Bacteria have a short sequence called _______,...

Question 2

Asexual reproduction produces genetically identical individuals because

Accepted Answer

A)  chromosomes do not have to replicate during asexual reproduction. 
B)  it involves chromosome replication without cytokinesis. 
C)  no meiosis or fertilization take place. 
D)  cell division occurs only in meiosis. 
E)  the mitotic spindle prevents nondisjunction. 
A)  chromosomes do not have to replicate during asexual reproduction. 
B)  it involves chromosome replication without cytokinesis. 
C)  no meiosis or fertilization take place. 
D)  cell division occurs only in meiosis. 
E)  the mitotic spindle prevents nondisjunction.

Question 3

The processes of synapsis and the formation of chiasmata

Accepted Answer

A)  involve reciprocal exchange of chromosomal sections. 
B)  involve the recombination of DNA on homologous chromosomes. 
C)  bring about an increase in genetic variation. 
D)  provide evidence that an exchange of genetic material has occurred. 
E)  All of the above 
A)  involve reciprocal exchange of chromosomal sections. 
B)  involve the recombination of DNA on homologous chromosomes. 
C)  bring about an increase in genetic variation. 
D)  provide evidence that an exchange of genetic material has occurred. 
E)  All of the above

Question 4

In meiosis,

Accepted Answer

A)  a single nucleus gives rise to two daughter nuclei. 
B)  the daughter nuclei are genetically identical to the parent nucleus. 
C)  the centromeres separate at the onset of anaphase I. 
D)  homologous chromosomes synapse in prophase I. 
E)  no spindle forms. 
A)  a single nucleus gives rise to two daughter nuclei. 
B)  the daughter nuclei are genetically identical to the parent nucleus. 
C)  the centromeres separate at the onset of anaphase I. 
D)  homologous chromosomes synapse in prophase I. 
E)  no spindle forms.

Question 5

At the end of the first meiotic division, each chromosome consists of

Accepted Answer

A)  chiasmata. 
B)  a homologous chromosome pair. 
C)  four copies of each DNA molecule. 
D)  two chromatids. 
E)  a pair of polar microtubules. 
A)  chiasmata. 
B)  a homologous chromosome pair. 
C)  four copies of each DNA molecule. 
D)  two chromatids. 
E)  a pair of polar microtubules.

Question 6

Which of the following statements about necrosis is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  It requires ATP. 
B)  It does not cause inflammation. 
C)  It may occur when cells are damaged by toxins. 
D)  It produces nucleosome-sized pieces of chromatin. 
E)  It results in fragmentation of the cell. 
A)  It requires ATP. 
B)  It does not cause inflammation. 
C)  It may occur when cells are damaged by toxins. 
D)  It produces nucleosome-sized pieces of chromatin. 
E)  It results in fragmentation of the cell.

Question 7

The second meiotic division of meiosis is important because

Accepted Answer

A)  it returns the chromosome number to diploid before fertilization. 
B)  it allows for crossing over and random distribution of chromosomes. 
C)  it reduces cell size by dividing the cytoplasm in half. 
D)  without this division, chromosome copies would double at each fertilization. 
E)  fertilization requires this step. 
A)  it returns the chromosome number to diploid before fertilization. 
B)  it allows for crossing over and random distribution of chromosomes. 
C)  it reduces cell size by dividing the cytoplasm in half. 
D)  without this division, chromosome copies would double at each fertilization. 
E)  fertilization requires this step.

Question 8

An animal has a diploid chromosome number of 12. An egg cell of that animal has 5 chromosomes. The most probable explanation is

Accepted Answer

A)  normal mitosis. 
B)  normal meiosis. 
C)  nondisjunction in meiosis I. 
D)  nondisjunction in meiosis I or II. 
E)  nondisjunction in mitosis. 
A)  normal mitosis. 
B)  normal meiosis. 
C)  nondisjunction in meiosis I. 
D)  nondisjunction in meiosis I or II. 
E)  nondisjunction in mitosis.

Question 9

Which of the following is not true about cervical cancer, which is a relatively common cancer?

Accepted Answer

A)  It can be detected early by a PAP test. 
B)  It is usually caused by human papillomavirus (HPV). 
C)  It causes the cervical cells to make peptide E7, which disrupts the cell cycle. 
D)  It spreads by blocking the retinoblastoma protein RB. 
E)  It usually remains localized. 
A)  It can be detected early by a PAP test. 
B)  It is usually caused by human papillomavirus (HPV). 
C)  It causes the cervical cells to make peptide E7, which disrupts the cell cycle. 
D)  It spreads by blocking the retinoblastoma protein RB. 
E)  It usually remains localized.

Question 10

Describe how two meters of DNA in a typical human cell can fit into the nucleus, which is 5 µm in diameter.

Accepted Answer

The remarkable feat of fitting approxima

Question 11

In plants, a(n) _______ forms at the equatorial region of the cell.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In plants, a(n) _______ forms at the...

Question 12

A(n) _______ is one of a pair of chromosomes having the same overall genetic composition and sequence.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A(n) _______ is one of a pair...

Question 13

Histones are positively charged because

Accepted Answer

A)  the majority of the ions in the nucleus of the cell are negatively charged. 
B)  histones interact with acidic residues of proteins found in the nucleus. 
C)  the basic side chains of histone proteins interact with the negatively charged DNA. 
D)  histones have a majority of acidic residues in their protein sequence. 
E)  the pH of the nucleus needs to be increased. 
A)  the majority of the ions in the nucleus of the cell are negatively charged. 
B)  histones interact with acidic residues of proteins found in the nucleus. 
C)  the basic side chains of histone proteins interact with the negatively charged DNA. 
D)  histones have a majority of acidic residues in their protein sequence. 
E)  the pH of the nucleus needs to be increased.

Question 14

Interphase involves all of the following steps except

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA replication. 
B)  the synthesis of cellular components necessary for mitosis. 
C)  the conservation of energy for later stages of mitosis. 
D)  the condensation of chromatin. 
E)  All of the above 
A)  DNA replication. 
B)  the synthesis of cellular components necessary for mitosis. 
C)  the conservation of energy for later stages of mitosis. 
D)  the condensation of chromatin. 
E)  All of the above

Question 15

The process that ensures that only one of each pair of chromosomes is included in a gamete is _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The process that ensures that only one...

Question 16

At the milestone that defines anaphase, the chromosomes

Accepted Answer

A)  separate. 
B)  come together. 
C)  are at opposite poles. 
D)  line up. 
E)  cross over. 
A)  separate. 
B)  come together. 
C)  are at opposite poles. 
D)  line up. 
E)  cross over.

Question 17

Chromosome number is reduced during meiosis because the process consists of

Accepted Answer

A)  two cell divisions without any chromosome replication. 
B)  a single cell division without any chromosome replication. 
C)  two cell divisions in which half of the chromosomes are destroyed. 
D)  two cell divisions and only a single round of chromosome replication. 
E)  four cell divisions with no chromosome replication. 
A)  two cell divisions without any chromosome replication. 
B)  a single cell division without any chromosome replication. 
C)  two cell divisions in which half of the chromosomes are destroyed. 
D)  two cell divisions and only a single round of chromosome replication. 
E)  four cell divisions with no chromosome replication.

Question 18

Microtubules that form the mitotic spindle tend to originate from or terminate in

Accepted Answer

A)  centromeres and telomeres. 
B)  euchromatin. 
C)  centrioles and telomeres. 
D)  the nuclear envelope. 
E)  centrioles and kinetochores. 
A)  centromeres and telomeres. 
B)  euchromatin. 
C)  centrioles and telomeres. 
D)  the nuclear envelope. 
E)  centrioles and kinetochores.

Question 19

How does mitotic prophase differ from prophase I of meiosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Chromatin supercoils only in mitotic prophase. 
B)  The nuclear envelope disappears only in prophase I of meiosis. 
C)  Synapsis occurs in mitotic prophase and but not in meiotic prophase I. 
D)  The chromatids separate in mitotic prophase, not in prophase I of meiosis. 
E)  Crossing over is characteristic of prophase I of meiosis but not of mitotic prophase. 
A)  Chromatin supercoils only in mitotic prophase. 
B)  The nuclear envelope disappears only in prophase I of meiosis. 
C)  Synapsis occurs in mitotic prophase and but not in meiotic prophase I. 
D)  The chromatids separate in mitotic prophase, not in prophase I of meiosis. 
E)  Crossing over is characteristic of prophase I of meiosis but not of mitotic prophase.

Question 20

Nucleosomes contain _______ and _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  centromeres; DNA 
B)  microtubules; condensins 
C)  kinetochores; centromeres 
D)  histones; DNA 
E)  polar microtubules; kinetochore microtubules 
A)  centromeres; DNA 
B)  microtubules; condensins 
C)  kinetochores; centromeres 
D)  histones; DNA 
E)  polar microtubules; kinetochore microtubules

Exam 11: The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Bacteria have a short sequence called _______, where DNA synthesis ends.

Asexual reproduction produces genetically identical individuals because

The processes of synapsis and the formation of chiasmata

In meiosis,

At the end of the first meiotic division, each chromosome consists of

Which of the following statements about necrosis is true?

The second meiotic division of meiosis is important because

An animal has a diploid chromosome number of 12. An egg cell of that animal has 5 chromosomes. The most probable explanation is

Which of the following is not true about cervical cancer, which is a relatively common cancer?

Describe how two meters of DNA in a typical human cell can fit into the nucleus, which is 5 µm in diameter.

In plants, a(n) _______ forms at the equatorial region of the cell.

A(n) _______ is one of a pair of chromosomes having the same overall genetic composition and sequence.

Histones are positively charged because

Interphase involves all of the following steps except

The process that ensures that only one of each pair of chromosomes is included in a gamete is _______.

At the milestone that defines anaphase, the chromosomes

Chromosome number is reduced during meiosis because the process consists of

Microtubules that form the mitotic spindle tend to originate from or terminate in

How does mitotic prophase differ from prophase I of meiosis?

Nucleosomes contain _______ and _______.

Studying Life

Small Molecules and the Chemistry of Life

Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Lipids

Nucleic Acids and the Origin of Life

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes

Cell Signaling and Communication

Energy, Enzymes, and Metabolism

Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Energy From Sunlight

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

Dna and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Gene Mutation and Molecular Medicine

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Recombinent Dna and Biotechnology

Differential Gene Expression in Development

Development and Evolutionary Change

Evidence and Mechanisms of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Species and Their Formation

Evolution of Genes and Genomes

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria and Archaea: the Prokaryotic Domains

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

Plants Without Seeds: From Water to Land

The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi: Recyclers, Pathogens, Parasites, and Plant Partners

Animal Origins and the Evolution of Body Plans

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

The Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Regulation of Plant Growth

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Environmental Challenges

Physiology, Homeostasis, and Temperature Regulation

Animal Hormones

Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons and Nervous Systems

Sensory Systems

The Mammalian Nervous System: Structure and Higher Function

Musculoskeletal Systems

Gas Exchange in Animals

Circulatory Systems

Nutrition, Digestion, and Absorption

Salt and Water Balance and Nitrogen

Animal Behavior

Ecology and the Distribution of Life

Population Ecology

Species Interaction and Coevolution

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Global Ecology

Conservation Biology

Filters

Nucleosomes contain _ and _.