Question 1

Antibiotics that inhibit translation are useful because:

Accepted Answer

A)  the translational machinery of eukaryotes is sufficiently different to that of bacteria. 
B)  microorganisms can develop resistance to other antibiotics. 
C)  antibiotic resistance genes are often carried on plasmids rather than the bacterial chromosome. 
D)  different antibiotics can inhibit different steps of translation. 
E)  they do not cross the cell membrane in higher animals. 
A)  the translational machinery of eukaryotes is sufficiently different to that of bacteria. 
B)  microorganisms can develop resistance to other antibiotics. 
C)  antibiotic resistance genes are often carried on plasmids rather than the bacterial chromosome. 
D)  different antibiotics can inhibit different steps of translation. 
E)  they do not cross the cell membrane in higher animals. A

Question 2

The bacterial Shine-Dalgarno sequence aligns the mRNA with the 16S rRNA to start translation at the correct position.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 3

Which of the following BEST explains the "wobble" hypothesis proposed by Francis Crick?

Accepted Answer

A)  The genetic code is degenerate in that most amino acids have more than one codon. 
B)  The genetic code is ambiguous in that each codon can specify more than one amino acid. 
C)  The anticodon can pair with any part of the corresponding codon. 
D)  The 5' base of the anticodon can make non Watson-Crick hydrogen bonds with several different bases at the 3' position of the codon. 
E)  Inosine can pair up with A, U, or C. 
A)  The genetic code is degenerate in that most amino acids have more than one codon. 
B)  The genetic code is ambiguous in that each codon can specify more than one amino acid. 
C)  The anticodon can pair with any part of the corresponding codon. 
D)  The 5' base of the anticodon can make non Watson-Crick hydrogen bonds with several different bases at the 3' position of the codon. 
E)  Inosine can pair up with A, U, or C. D

Question 4

Glycosylated proteins are synthesized on rough endoplasmic reticulum.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Which of the following applies only to prokaryotic proteins?

Accepted Answer

A)  Secreted proteins have signal sequences in their N-terminal regions. 
B)  Some proteins are covalently modified after translation. 
C)  Hydrophilic proteins are able to either traverse or become embedded in hydrophobic membranes. 
D)  Some proteins are synthesized on polyribosomes. 
E)  Translation is coupled to transcription. 
A)  Secreted proteins have signal sequences in their N-terminal regions. 
B)  Some proteins are covalently modified after translation. 
C)  Hydrophilic proteins are able to either traverse or become embedded in hydrophobic membranes. 
D)  Some proteins are synthesized on polyribosomes. 
E)  Translation is coupled to transcription.

Question 6

Which of the following does NOT apply to proteins synthesized on the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Accepted Answer

A)  Signal recognition particle 
B)  Vesicular transport 
C)  Signal sequence cleavage 
D)  Continuous translation 
E)  Docking protein 
A)  Signal recognition particle 
B)  Vesicular transport 
C)  Signal sequence cleavage 
D)  Continuous translation 
E)  Docking protein

Question 7

In the secondary structure of ribosomal RNA, the regions of self-complementarity are highly ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the secondary structure of ribosomal RNA,...

Question 8

The genetic code is universal for all organisms and organelles.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Which of the following BEST describes the transport of nuclear proteins across the nuclear membrane?

Accepted Answer

A)  Simple diffusion 
B)  An N-terminal targeting sequence that is cleaved during transport 
C)  A targeting sequence that interacts with a carrier protein 
D)  Vesicular transport followed by delivery via fusion with the nuclear membrane 
E)  Co-translational transport using ribosomes attached to the membrane 
A)  Simple diffusion 
B)  An N-terminal targeting sequence that is cleaved during transport 
C)  A targeting sequence that interacts with a carrier protein 
D)  Vesicular transport followed by delivery via fusion with the nuclear membrane 
E)  Co-translational transport using ribosomes attached to the membrane

Question 10

Differences between eukaryote and prokaryote translation include the 40S ribosome recognizing the ________ rather than a Shine-Dalgarno sequence and the N-terminal amino acid is ________.

Accepted Answer

7-methylgu

Question 11

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  There does not need to be as many different tRNA types as there are codons. 
B)  The modified bases in the tRNAs are added during transcription. 
C)  The amino acid is attached at the 3' terminus of the tRNA. 
D)  The 3D structures of all tRNA molecules are such that they fit equally well into the ribosome. 
E)  tRNA exhibits unusual base pairing including single bases pairing with two others. 
A)  There does not need to be as many different tRNA types as there are codons. 
B)  The modified bases in the tRNAs are added during transcription. 
C)  The amino acid is attached at the 3' terminus of the tRNA. 
D)  The 3D structures of all tRNA molecules are such that they fit equally well into the ribosome. 
E)  tRNA exhibits unusual base pairing including single bases pairing with two others.

Question 12

Which of the following statements about initiation of translation in bacteria is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  fMet-tRNAfMet is the only charged tRNA that can bind to the 30S subunit on its own. 
B)  The formyl group is transferred to Met-tRNAfMet from 10-formyl-tetrahydrofolate. 
C)  Three initiation factor proteins are required to bind the mRNA and the initiator tRNA to the 30S ribosome. 
D)  Pairing between mRNA and rRNA places the initiation codon next to the P site in the ribosome. 
E)  The complete 70S initiation complex ready to receive a second charged tRNA is assembled without any GTP hydrolysis. 
A)  fMet-tRNAfMet is the only charged tRNA that can bind to the 30S subunit on its own. 
B)  The formyl group is transferred to Met-tRNAfMet from 10-formyl-tetrahydrofolate. 
C)  Three initiation factor proteins are required to bind the mRNA and the initiator tRNA to the 30S ribosome. 
D)  Pairing between mRNA and rRNA places the initiation codon next to the P site in the ribosome. 
E)  The complete 70S initiation complex ready to receive a second charged tRNA is assembled without any GTP hydrolysis.

Question 13

Peptide bond formation requires GTP hydrolysis.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

The fusion of vesicles, from the Golgi complex, with specific membranes is facilitated by ________ protein pairs called t-SNARES and v-SNARES on membranes as well as cytosolic fusion proteins.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The fusion of vesicles, from the Golgi...

Question 15

Termination of translation requires GTP hydrolysis and direct interaction of a release factor with a termination codon.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

The anticodon ends of tRNAs contact the ________ subunit and the acceptor ends contact the ________ subunit of the ribosome.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The anticodon ends of tRNAs contact the...

Question 17

Nuclear encoded proteins destined for ________, chloroplasts or nuclei are synthesized in the cytoplasm.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Nuclear encoded proteins destined for ________, chloroplasts...

Question 18

Termination of translation occurs when a stop codon is translocated into the ________ site of the ribosome.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Termination of translation occurs when a stop...

Question 19

Translation is an RNA-directed process whereby amino acids are specified by ________ on the mRNA, which are complementary to ________ on aminoacyl tRNAs.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Translation is an RNA-directed process whereby amino...

Question 20

Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases do not contribute to the fidelity of translation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 25: Information Decoding: Translation and Post-Translational Protein Processing

Antibiotics that inhibit translation are useful because:

The bacterial Shine-Dalgarno sequence aligns the mRNA with the 16S rRNA to start translation at the correct position.

Which of the following BEST explains the "wobble" hypothesis proposed by Francis Crick?

Glycosylated proteins are synthesized on rough endoplasmic reticulum.

Which of the following applies only to prokaryotic proteins?

Which of the following does NOT apply to proteins synthesized on the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

In the secondary structure of ribosomal RNA, the regions of self-complementarity are highly ________.

The genetic code is universal for all organisms and organelles.

Which of the following BEST describes the transport of nuclear proteins across the nuclear membrane?

Differences between eukaryote and prokaryote translation include the 40S ribosome recognizing the ________ rather than a Shine-Dalgarno sequence and the N-terminal amino acid is ________.

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

Which of the following statements about initiation of translation in bacteria is FALSE?

Peptide bond formation requires GTP hydrolysis.

The fusion of vesicles, from the Golgi complex, with specific membranes is facilitated by ________ protein pairs called t-SNARES and v-SNARES on membranes as well as cytosolic fusion proteins.

Termination of translation requires GTP hydrolysis and direct interaction of a release factor with a termination codon.

The anticodon ends of tRNAs contact the ________ subunit and the acceptor ends contact the ________ subunit of the ribosome.

Nuclear encoded proteins destined for ________, chloroplasts or nuclei are synthesized in the cytoplasm.

Termination of translation occurs when a stop codon is translocated into the ________ site of the ribosome.

Translation is an RNA-directed process whereby amino acids are specified by ________ on the mRNA, which are complementary to ________ on aminoacyl tRNAs.

Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases do not contribute to the fidelity of translation.

Biochemistry and the Language of Chemistry

The Chemical Foundation of Life: Weak Interactions in an Aqueous Environment

The Energetics of Life

Nucleic Acids

Introduction to Proteins: the Primary Level of Protein Structure

The Three-Dimensional Structure of Proteins

Protein Function and Evolution

Enzymes: Biological Catalysts

Carbohydrates: Sugars, Saccharides, Glycans

Lipids, Membranes, and Cellular Transport

Chemical Logic of Metabolism

Carbohydrate Metabolism: Glycolysis, Gluconeogenesis, Glycogen Metabolism, and the Pentose Phosphate Pathway

The Citric Acid Cycle

Electron Transport, Oxidative Phosphorylation, and Oxygen Metabolism

Photosynthesis

Lipid Metabolism

Interorgan and Intracellular Coordination of Energy Metabolism in Vertebrates

Amino Acid and Nitrogen Metabolism

Nucleotide Metabolism

Mechanisms of Signal Transduction

Genes, Genomes, and Chromosomes

DNA Replication

DNA Repair, Recombination, and Rearrangement

Transcription and Post-Transcriptional Processing

Regulation of Gene Expression

Filters

Differences between eukaryote and prokaryote translation include the 40S ribosome recognizing the rather than a Shine-Dalgarno sequence and the N-terminal amino acid is .

The anticodon ends of tRNAs contact the subunit and the acceptor ends contact the subunit of the ribosome.

Translation is an RNA-directed process whereby amino acids are specified by on the mRNA, which are complementary to on aminoacyl tRNAs.