Question 1

The specific interaction between an antibody and antigen occurs by virtue of both shape and ________ complementarity.

Accepted Answer

charge

Question 2

Both myoglobin and hemoglobin exhibit cooperative binding to oxygen.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 3

The immunoglobulin domain is a stable scaffold containing two antiparallel β- sheets upon which to display hypervariable loops.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 4

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Myoglobin is a single polypeptide chain folded about a heme prosthetic group. 
B)  Hemoglobin is a tetramer, each of which binds a heme group. 
C)  In both hemoglobin and myoglobin, iron is chelated by a tetrapyrole ring system. 
D)  The iron in both hemoglobin and myoglobin has two coordination sites that bind to oxygen. 
E)  Hydrogen bonding to a histidine residue assists stabilization of the Fe2+ -O2 complex in both hemoglobin and myoglobin. 
A)  Myoglobin is a single polypeptide chain folded about a heme prosthetic group. 
B)  Hemoglobin is a tetramer, each of which binds a heme group. 
C)  In both hemoglobin and myoglobin, iron is chelated by a tetrapyrole ring system. 
D)  The iron in both hemoglobin and myoglobin has two coordination sites that bind to oxygen. 
E)  Hydrogen bonding to a histidine residue assists stabilization of the Fe2+ -O2 complex in both hemoglobin and myoglobin.

Question 5

The ________ binding of oxygen to hemoglobin is facilitated by changes in protein conformation upon oxygen binding to one subunit that affect the binding of oxygen to another subunit.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The ________ binding of oxygen to hemoglobin...

Question 6

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, western blotting and immunofluorescent light microscopy all make use of the specific interaction between an antigen and an ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, western blotting and immunofluorescent...

Question 7

Comparison of globin sequences from many different species suggests that myoglobin and hemoglobin have evolved from a single myoglobin-like protein.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Fetal hemoglobin has a higher affinity for oxygen than does maternal hemoglobin because it has a higher affinity for the allosteric regulator 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

The sickle cell mutation causes oxyhemoglobin molecules to ________ due to hydrophobic interactions because a glutamate residue is replaced with a valine.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The sickle cell mutation causes oxyhemoglobin molecules...

Question 10

The production of carbon dioxide during respiration in aerobic tissues lowers the pH in erythrocytes, which in turn ________ the affinity of oxygen binding to hemoglobin.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The production of carbon dioxide during respiration...

Question 11

F-actin is a polymer of G-actin monomers and exhibits symmetry.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

The conserved residues in the hemoglobins and myoglobins include the ________ proximal and distal to the heme iron.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The conserved residues in the hemoglobins and...

Question 13

The A band of skeletal muscle is formed by noncovalent cross-bridges between the thin filaments that are mainly ________ and the thick filaments that are mainly ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The A band of skeletal muscle is...

Question 14

The greatest conformational change in the neck piece of myosin occurs during ATP hydrolysis.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Antibodies cannot be used to purify proteins because the antibody-antigen interaction is too strong.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Which of the following observations helps to explain the conformational changes that occur in hemoglobin upon binding to oxygen?

Accepted Answer

A)  The four heme groups are positioned close to the surface of the molecule. 
B)  An αβ dimer rotates and slides with respect to the other dimer upon binding oxygen. 
C)  Neither the heme nor the iron ion in the deoxy conformation is in a planar conformation. 
D)  All of the above 
E)  B and C 
A)  The four heme groups are positioned close to the surface of the molecule. 
B)  An αβ dimer rotates and slides with respect to the other dimer upon binding oxygen. 
C)  Neither the heme nor the iron ion in the deoxy conformation is in a planar conformation. 
D)  All of the above 
E)  B and C

Question 17

The concentration of Ca2+ in the myoplasm can increase as much as 10,000 fold in response to a motor nerve impulse.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Which of the following statements about muscle contraction is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A)  ATP hydrolysis releases myosin from actin. 
B)  ATP hydrolysis results in strong binding of myosin to actin. 
C)  ATP hydrolysis causes a conformational change in the myosin head. 
D)  Muscle contraction occurs as ATP is hydrolyzed. 
E)  ATP hydrolysis must occur before the actin-binding site closes. 
A)  ATP hydrolysis releases myosin from actin. 
B)  ATP hydrolysis results in strong binding of myosin to actin. 
C)  ATP hydrolysis causes a conformational change in the myosin head. 
D)  Muscle contraction occurs as ATP is hydrolyzed. 
E)  ATP hydrolysis must occur before the actin-binding site closes.

Question 19

Calcium regulates muscle contraction by binding to:

Accepted Answer

A)  actin. 
B)  myosin. 
C)  tropomyosin. 
D)  troponin C. 
E)  troponin T. 
A)  actin. 
B)  myosin. 
C)  tropomyosin. 
D)  troponin C. 
E)  troponin T.

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT true of immunoglobulin molecules?

Accepted Answer

A)  They consist of four polypeptide chains held together by disulphide bridges. 
B)  They have two identical heavy chains and two identical light chains. 
C)  Antigenic determinants reside only in the variable region of the light chains. 
D)  Proteolytic cleavage can generate fragments containing the antigen-binding site. 
E)  Some are membrane bound. 
A)  They consist of four polypeptide chains held together by disulphide bridges. 
B)  They have two identical heavy chains and two identical light chains. 
C)  Antigenic determinants reside only in the variable region of the light chains. 
D)  Proteolytic cleavage can generate fragments containing the antigen-binding site. 
E)  Some are membrane bound.

Exam 7: Protein Function and Evolution

The specific interaction between an antibody and antigen occurs by virtue of both shape and ________ complementarity.

Both myoglobin and hemoglobin exhibit cooperative binding to oxygen.

The immunoglobulin domain is a stable scaffold containing two antiparallel β- sheets upon which to display hypervariable loops.

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

The ________ binding of oxygen to hemoglobin is facilitated by changes in protein conformation upon oxygen binding to one subunit that affect the binding of oxygen to another subunit.

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, western blotting and immunofluorescent light microscopy all make use of the specific interaction between an antigen and an ________.

Comparison of globin sequences from many different species suggests that myoglobin and hemoglobin have evolved from a single myoglobin-like protein.

Fetal hemoglobin has a higher affinity for oxygen than does maternal hemoglobin because it has a higher affinity for the allosteric regulator 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate.

The sickle cell mutation causes oxyhemoglobin molecules to ________ due to hydrophobic interactions because a glutamate residue is replaced with a valine.

The production of carbon dioxide during respiration in aerobic tissues lowers the pH in erythrocytes, which in turn ________ the affinity of oxygen binding to hemoglobin.

F-actin is a polymer of G-actin monomers and exhibits symmetry.

The conserved residues in the hemoglobins and myoglobins include the ________ proximal and distal to the heme iron.

The A band of skeletal muscle is formed by noncovalent cross-bridges between the thin filaments that are mainly ________ and the thick filaments that are mainly ________.

The greatest conformational change in the neck piece of myosin occurs during ATP hydrolysis.

Antibodies cannot be used to purify proteins because the antibody-antigen interaction is too strong.

Which of the following observations helps to explain the conformational changes that occur in hemoglobin upon binding to oxygen?

The concentration of Ca2+ in the myoplasm can increase as much as 10,000 fold in response to a motor nerve impulse.

Which of the following statements about muscle contraction is TRUE?

Calcium regulates muscle contraction by binding to:

Which of the following is NOT true of immunoglobulin molecules?

Biochemistry and the Language of Chemistry

The Chemical Foundation of Life: Weak Interactions in an Aqueous Environment

The Energetics of Life

Nucleic Acids

Introduction to Proteins: the Primary Level of Protein Structure

The Three-Dimensional Structure of Proteins

Enzymes: Biological Catalysts

Carbohydrates: Sugars, Saccharides, Glycans

Lipids, Membranes, and Cellular Transport

Chemical Logic of Metabolism

Carbohydrate Metabolism: Glycolysis, Gluconeogenesis, Glycogen Metabolism, and the Pentose Phosphate Pathway

The Citric Acid Cycle

Electron Transport, Oxidative Phosphorylation, and Oxygen Metabolism

Photosynthesis

Lipid Metabolism

Interorgan and Intracellular Coordination of Energy Metabolism in Vertebrates

Amino Acid and Nitrogen Metabolism

Nucleotide Metabolism

Mechanisms of Signal Transduction

Genes, Genomes, and Chromosomes

DNA Replication

DNA Repair, Recombination, and Rearrangement

Transcription and Post-Transcriptional Processing

Information Decoding: Translation and Post-Translational Protein Processing

Regulation of Gene Expression

Filters

The A band of skeletal muscle is formed by noncovalent cross-bridges between the thin filaments that are mainly and the thick filaments that are mainly .