Question 1

AMPK and mTOR play opposing roles in regulating metabolic activity in response to energy status.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 2

The main organ that monitors and stabilizes blood glucose is the ________.

Accepted Answer

liver

Question 3

Which of the following fuel reserves can be used by skeletal muscle?

Accepted Answer

A)  Protein 
B)  Glycogen 
C)  Creatine phosphate 
D)  Fatty acids 
E)  All of the above 
A)  Protein 
B)  Glycogen 
C)  Creatine phosphate 
D)  Fatty acids 
E)  All of the above E

Question 4

Which of the following organs both uses and exports fatty acids as a fuel source?

Accepted Answer

A)  Resting skeletal muscle 
B)  Liver 
C)  Adipose tissue 
D)  Heart muscle 
E)  B and C 
A)  Resting skeletal muscle 
B)  Liver 
C)  Adipose tissue 
D)  Heart muscle 
E)  B and C

Question 5

Sirtuins are deacetylases that are ________-dependent and therefore can respond to the redox state of the cell.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Sirtuins are deacetylases that are ________-dependent and...

Question 6

The primary factor that controls metabolism is:

Accepted Answer

A)  post-translational modification of enzymes. 
B)  substrate availability. 
C)  enzyme turnover. 
D)  hormone signaling. 
E)  compartmentalization of metabolic pathways. 
A)  post-translational modification of enzymes. 
B)  substrate availability. 
C)  enzyme turnover. 
D)  hormone signaling. 
E)  compartmentalization of metabolic pathways.

Question 7

The heart is a completely aerobic tissue that can make use of fatty acids, lactate, glucose and ketone bodies as fuel sources.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

One of the metabolic adaptations that occurs with prolonged starvation is the increased production of ________ because there is insufficient oxaloacetate for oxidation of all the acetyl CoA produced from fat breakdown.

Accepted Answer

The answer of One of the metabolic adaptations that occurs...

Question 9

Which of the following is an endocrine regulator that inhibits food intake?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ghrelin 
B)  Adiponectin 
C)  Leptin 
D)  Insulin 
E)  Both C and D 
A)  Ghrelin 
B)  Adiponectin 
C)  Leptin 
D)  Insulin 
E)  Both C and D

Question 10

Calculate the approximate weight gain per annum if energy intake exceeds energy expenditure by 5 g (1 teaspoon) of sugar per day. Assume that 120 g sugar yields ~1760 kJ of energy and adipose tissue contains ~30 MJkg-1.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Calculate the approximate weight gain per annum...

Question 11

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Glucagon increases cAMP levels in the liver in response to the fasting state. 
B)  Epinephrine causes mobilization of triacylglycerols from adipose tissue in response to stress. 
C)  Insulin decreases gluconeogenesis in the liver and increases glucose uptake and glycolysis in muscle. 
D)  Glycogen phosphorylase is an enzyme target of insulin but not of glucagon. 
E)  Phosphofructokinase-1 is an enzyme target of glucagon. 
A)  Glucagon increases cAMP levels in the liver in response to the fasting state. 
B)  Epinephrine causes mobilization of triacylglycerols from adipose tissue in response to stress. 
C)  Insulin decreases gluconeogenesis in the liver and increases glucose uptake and glycolysis in muscle. 
D)  Glycogen phosphorylase is an enzyme target of insulin but not of glucagon. 
E)  Phosphofructokinase-1 is an enzyme target of glucagon.

Question 12

Insulin and glucagon are both synthesized by the same cell types in the pancreas.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT an effect of glucagon?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hydrolysis of fructose-2,6-bisphosphate 
B)  Inhibition of glycogenolysis 
C)  Inhibition of pyruvate kinase 
D)  Phosphorylation of hormone-sensitive lipase 
E)  Phosphorylation of glycogen synthase 
A)  Hydrolysis of fructose-2,6-bisphosphate 
B)  Inhibition of glycogenolysis 
C)  Inhibition of pyruvate kinase 
D)  Phosphorylation of hormone-sensitive lipase 
E)  Phosphorylation of glycogen synthase

Question 14

A side effect of diabetes is the production of acetone from the decarboxylation of acetoacetate due to ketoacidosis.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Epinephrine has a longer term effect on metabolism than does glucagon.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 17: Interorgan and Intracellular Coordination of Energy Metabolism in Vertebrates

AMPK and mTOR play opposing roles in regulating metabolic activity in response to energy status.

The main organ that monitors and stabilizes blood glucose is the ________.

Which of the following fuel reserves can be used by skeletal muscle?

Which of the following organs both uses and exports fatty acids as a fuel source?

Sirtuins are deacetylases that are ________-dependent and therefore can respond to the redox state of the cell.

The primary factor that controls metabolism is:

The heart is a completely aerobic tissue that can make use of fatty acids, lactate, glucose and ketone bodies as fuel sources.

One of the metabolic adaptations that occurs with prolonged starvation is the increased production of ________ because there is insufficient oxaloacetate for oxidation of all the acetyl CoA produced from fat breakdown.

Which of the following is an endocrine regulator that inhibits food intake?

Calculate the approximate weight gain per annum if energy intake exceeds energy expenditure by 5 g (1 teaspoon) of sugar per day. Assume that 120 g sugar yields ~1760 kJ of energy and adipose tissue contains ~30 MJkg-1.

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

Insulin and glucagon are both synthesized by the same cell types in the pancreas.

Which of the following is NOT an effect of glucagon?

A side effect of diabetes is the production of acetone from the decarboxylation of acetoacetate due to ketoacidosis.

Epinephrine has a longer term effect on metabolism than does glucagon.

Biochemistry and the Language of Chemistry

The Chemical Foundation of Life: Weak Interactions in an Aqueous Environment

The Energetics of Life

Nucleic Acids

Introduction to Proteins: the Primary Level of Protein Structure

The Three-Dimensional Structure of Proteins

Protein Function and Evolution

Enzymes: Biological Catalysts

Carbohydrates: Sugars, Saccharides, Glycans

Lipids, Membranes, and Cellular Transport

Chemical Logic of Metabolism

Carbohydrate Metabolism: Glycolysis, Gluconeogenesis, Glycogen Metabolism, and the Pentose Phosphate Pathway

The Citric Acid Cycle

Electron Transport, Oxidative Phosphorylation, and Oxygen Metabolism

Photosynthesis

Lipid Metabolism

Amino Acid and Nitrogen Metabolism

Nucleotide Metabolism

Mechanisms of Signal Transduction

Genes, Genomes, and Chromosomes

DNA Replication

DNA Repair, Recombination, and Rearrangement

Transcription and Post-Transcriptional Processing

Information Decoding: Translation and Post-Translational Protein Processing

Regulation of Gene Expression

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