Question 1

The prostaglandins, leukotrienes and thromboxanes belong to a family of local acting signaling molecules, all of which are derived from ________ acid.

Accepted Answer

arachidonic

Question 2

β-oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids yields the same amount of energy as saturated fatty acids with the same number of carbons.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 3

Free fatty acids are released from the adipocyte after mobilization of fat stores by:

Accepted Answer

A)  hormone sensitive lipase. 
B)  monoacylglycerol lipase. 
C)  adipose triglyceride lipase. 
D)  lipoprotein lipase. 
E)  A, B, and C. 
A)  hormone sensitive lipase. 
B)  monoacylglycerol lipase. 
C)  adipose triglyceride lipase. 
D)  lipoprotein lipase. 
E)  A, B, and C. E

Question 4

Mono- and poly-unsaturated fatty acids are produced in the endoplasmic reticulum by desaturase enzymes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

The first committed step in fatty acid synthesis is the formation of ________ in a reaction catalyzed by acetyl CoA carboxylase.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The first committed step in fatty acid...

Question 6

While a number of hormones can stimulate lipolysis, the primary hormonal effects in adipose tissue are mediated by ________ in response to stress and by ________ during fasting.

Accepted Answer

epinephrin

Question 7

The overall net synthesis of palmitate starting from acetyl CoA requires:

Accepted Answer

A)  8 acetyl-CoA, 8 ATP and 16 NADPH and 16H+. 
B)  8 acetyl-CoA, 7 ATP and 14 NADPH and 14 H+. 
C)  8 acetyl-CoA, 7 ATP and 14 NADPH and 7 H+. 
D)  8 acetyl-CoA, 7 ATP and 16 NADPH and 8 H+. 
E)  8 acetyl-CoA, 8 ATP and 14 NADPH and 7 H+. 
A)  8 acetyl-CoA, 8 ATP and 16 NADPH and 16H+. 
B)  8 acetyl-CoA, 7 ATP and 14 NADPH and 14 H+. 
C)  8 acetyl-CoA, 7 ATP and 14 NADPH and 7 H+. 
D)  8 acetyl-CoA, 7 ATP and 16 NADPH and 8 H+. 
E)  8 acetyl-CoA, 8 ATP and 14 NADPH and 7 H+.

Question 8

Which of the following statements about β-oxidation of fatty acids is CORRECT?

Accepted Answer

A)  Both dehydrogenation reactions produce a C=C double bond. 
B)  Both dehydrogenation reactions use FAD as the electron acceptor. 
C)  Thiolytic cleavage releases acetyl-CoA and a free fatty acid in the final step of the cycle. 
D)  Fatty acids of any length are oxidized by exactly the same enzymes. 
E)  All fatty acids must be activated to acyl-CoAs before entering the pathway. 
A)  Both dehydrogenation reactions produce a C=C double bond. 
B)  Both dehydrogenation reactions use FAD as the electron acceptor. 
C)  Thiolytic cleavage releases acetyl-CoA and a free fatty acid in the final step of the cycle. 
D)  Fatty acids of any length are oxidized by exactly the same enzymes. 
E)  All fatty acids must be activated to acyl-CoAs before entering the pathway.

Question 9

The liver is the central organ in animals for processing lipoproteins whether they are derived from the diet or from biosynthetic pathways.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Elongation of fatty acids from palmitate occurs only in the mitochondrion.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Chylomicrons are lipoproteins that transport dietary fat from intestine to peripheral tissues. 
B)  VLDL transports triacylglycerol synthesized in the liver to peripheral tissues. 
C)  Some fatty acids become complexed with serum albumin for transport in the blood to peripheral cells. 
D)  LDL is the main form in which cholesterol is transported to tissues. 
E)  The cholesterol ester content of HDL is generally less than that of chylomicrons. 
A)  Chylomicrons are lipoproteins that transport dietary fat from intestine to peripheral tissues. 
B)  VLDL transports triacylglycerol synthesized in the liver to peripheral tissues. 
C)  Some fatty acids become complexed with serum albumin for transport in the blood to peripheral cells. 
D)  LDL is the main form in which cholesterol is transported to tissues. 
E)  The cholesterol ester content of HDL is generally less than that of chylomicrons.

Question 12

The reduced cofactor used in fatty acid synthesis is ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The reduced cofactor used in fatty acid...

Question 13

Propionyl-CoA, the end product of β-oxidation of odd-chain fatty acids can enter the citric acid cycle after being converted to ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Propionyl-CoA, the end product of β-oxidation of...

Question 14

All of the fatty acid synthase reactions are carried out on substrates attached to acyl carrier protein via a ________ linkage.

Accepted Answer

The answer of All of the fatty acid synthase reactions...

Question 15

Which of the following compounds is NOT derived from cholesterol?

Accepted Answer

A)  Glycocholate 
B)  1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol 
C)  α-tocopherol 
D)  Aldosterone 
E)  Cortisol 
A)  Glycocholate 
B)  1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol 
C)  α-tocopherol 
D)  Aldosterone 
E)  Cortisol

Question 16

Insulin stimulates fatty acid synthesis by which of the following mechanisms?

Accepted Answer

A)  Stimulation of a glucose transport across the plasma membrane 
B)  Dephosphorylation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase 
C)  Stimulation of dephosphorylation of pyruvate dehydrogenase 
D)  Activation of citrate lyase 
E)  All of the above 
A)  Stimulation of a glucose transport across the plasma membrane 
B)  Dephosphorylation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase 
C)  Stimulation of dephosphorylation of pyruvate dehydrogenase 
D)  Activation of citrate lyase 
E)  All of the above

Question 17

Long-chain fatty acyl-CoAs are transported across the mitochondrial inner membrane using the carrier ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Long-chain fatty acyl-CoAs are transported across the...

Question 18

________ is taken up by cells using receptor-mediated endocytosis, which involves the recognition of the B-100 apolipoprotein component of LDL.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ________ is taken up by cells using...

Question 19

Ketone bodies can be used as an alternative fuel source by the liver.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Excess cholesterol is metabolically degraded in the liver.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 16: Lipid Metabolism

The prostaglandins, leukotrienes and thromboxanes belong to a family of local acting signaling molecules, all of which are derived from ________ acid.

β-oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids yields the same amount of energy as saturated fatty acids with the same number of carbons.

Free fatty acids are released from the adipocyte after mobilization of fat stores by:

Mono- and poly-unsaturated fatty acids are produced in the endoplasmic reticulum by desaturase enzymes.

The first committed step in fatty acid synthesis is the formation of ________ in a reaction catalyzed by acetyl CoA carboxylase.

While a number of hormones can stimulate lipolysis, the primary hormonal effects in adipose tissue are mediated by ________ in response to stress and by ________ during fasting.

The overall net synthesis of palmitate starting from acetyl CoA requires:

Which of the following statements about β-oxidation of fatty acids is CORRECT?

The liver is the central organ in animals for processing lipoproteins whether they are derived from the diet or from biosynthetic pathways.

Elongation of fatty acids from palmitate occurs only in the mitochondrion.

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

The reduced cofactor used in fatty acid synthesis is ________.

Propionyl-CoA, the end product of β-oxidation of odd-chain fatty acids can enter the citric acid cycle after being converted to ________.

All of the fatty acid synthase reactions are carried out on substrates attached to acyl carrier protein via a ________ linkage.

Which of the following compounds is NOT derived from cholesterol?

Insulin stimulates fatty acid synthesis by which of the following mechanisms?

Long-chain fatty acyl-CoAs are transported across the mitochondrial inner membrane using the carrier ________.

________ is taken up by cells using receptor-mediated endocytosis, which involves the recognition of the B-100 apolipoprotein component of LDL.

Ketone bodies can be used as an alternative fuel source by the liver.

Excess cholesterol is metabolically degraded in the liver.

Biochemistry and the Language of Chemistry

The Chemical Foundation of Life: Weak Interactions in an Aqueous Environment

The Energetics of Life

Nucleic Acids

Introduction to Proteins: the Primary Level of Protein Structure

The Three-Dimensional Structure of Proteins

Protein Function and Evolution

Enzymes: Biological Catalysts

Carbohydrates: Sugars, Saccharides, Glycans

Lipids, Membranes, and Cellular Transport

Chemical Logic of Metabolism

Carbohydrate Metabolism: Glycolysis, Gluconeogenesis, Glycogen Metabolism, and the Pentose Phosphate Pathway

The Citric Acid Cycle

Electron Transport, Oxidative Phosphorylation, and Oxygen Metabolism

Photosynthesis

Interorgan and Intracellular Coordination of Energy Metabolism in Vertebrates

Amino Acid and Nitrogen Metabolism

Nucleotide Metabolism

Mechanisms of Signal Transduction

Genes, Genomes, and Chromosomes

DNA Replication

DNA Repair, Recombination, and Rearrangement

Transcription and Post-Transcriptional Processing

Information Decoding: Translation and Post-Translational Protein Processing

Regulation of Gene Expression

Filters

While a number of hormones can stimulate lipolysis, the primary hormonal effects in adipose tissue are mediated by in response to stress and by during fasting.