Question 1

In her classic study of gist and verbatim memory(using a passage about Galileo,Sachs (1967)found that

Accepted Answer

A) gist and verbatim memory decline at about the same rate. 
B) over any given delay,gist memory declines more than verbatim memory. 
C) over any given delay,verbatim memory declines more than gist memory. 
D) at no point in time-even after initial presentation-could participants reliably recognize a sentence verbatim. 
A) gist and verbatim memory decline at about the same rate. 
B) over any given delay,gist memory declines more than verbatim memory. 
C) over any given delay,verbatim memory declines more than gist memory. 
D) at no point in time-even after initial presentation-could participants reliably recognize a sentence verbatim. C

Question 2

Luo,Johnson,and Gallo (1998)tested whether "pseudohomophones" (e.g. ,"brane")would show effects of semantic relatedness.In other words,would the letter string "brane" prime a related concept (e.g. ,neuron)? They found that

Accepted Answer

A) access to the mental lexicon was most probably direct. 
B) pseudohomophones primed only the actual word (e.g. ,"brain," in this example). 
C) pseudohomophones did not prime related concepts. 
D) pseudohomophones did prime related concepts. 
A) access to the mental lexicon was most probably direct. 
B) pseudohomophones primed only the actual word (e.g. ,"brain," in this example). 
C) pseudohomophones did not prime related concepts. 
D) pseudohomophones did prime related concepts. D

Question 3

The fact that you can read "recgonize" and "yellwo" demonstrates which concept?

Accepted Answer

A) Top-down processing 
B) Bottom-up processing 
C) Dual-systems view 
D) Phonetic reading 
A) Top-down processing 
B) Bottom-up processing 
C) Dual-systems view 
D) Phonetic reading A

Question 4

Anaphors are more likely to result in the successful retrieval of an appropriate antecedent when

Accepted Answer

A) the antecedent has occurred recently. 
B) the antecedent received first mention. 
C) both factors mentioned in a and b are important. 
D) neither factor mentioned in a and b are important. 
A) the antecedent has occurred recently. 
B) the antecedent received first mention. 
C) both factors mentioned in a and b are important. 
D) neither factor mentioned in a and b are important.

Question 5

Although we do retain the gist of a sentence better than its verbatim form,Ferreira,Bock,Wilson,and Cohen (2008)found that participants had ______ memory for the _____ previously presented sentences.

Accepted Answer

A) implicit;words in 
B) implicit;syntax of 
C) explicit;words in 
D) explicit;syntax of 
A) implicit;words in 
B) implicit;syntax of 
C) explicit;words in 
D) explicit;syntax of

Question 6

Perea,Acha,and Carreiras (2009)investigated the reading comprehension of text messages and found that

Accepted Answer

A) orthographically based text messages were comprehended just as effectively as normal text. 
B) phonetically based text messages were comprehended just as effectively as normal text. 
C) both orthographically and phonetically based text messages were comprehended just as effectively as normal text. 
D) neither orthographically nor phonetically based text messages were comprehended just as effectively as normal text. 
A) orthographically based text messages were comprehended just as effectively as normal text. 
B) phonetically based text messages were comprehended just as effectively as normal text. 
C) both orthographically and phonetically based text messages were comprehended just as effectively as normal text. 
D) neither orthographically nor phonetically based text messages were comprehended just as effectively as normal text.

Question 7

Suppose a friend says,"I'm so nervous about that big test tomorrow." In this sentence,the given information is

Accepted Answer

A) that the speaker is nervous. 
B) that there's a test tomorrow. 
C) the fact that the test is going to be difficult. 
D) the implicit assumption that you will take turns in the conversation. 
A) that the speaker is nervous. 
B) that there's a test tomorrow. 
C) the fact that the test is going to be difficult. 
D) the implicit assumption that you will take turns in the conversation.

Question 8

High-frequency words like "robin" receive _____ fixation as low-frequency words like "penguin."

Accepted Answer

A) the same amount of 
B) more 
C) less 
D) twice as much 
A) the same amount of 
B) more 
C) less 
D) twice as much

Question 9

The importance of indirect access in word recognition would seem to imply that the best approach to teaching children to read is the ________ approach.Research evidence

Accepted Answer

A) phonics;fails to support this. 
B) phonics;supports this. 
C) whole-word;fails to support this. 
D) whole-word;supports this. 
A) phonics;fails to support this. 
B) phonics;supports this. 
C) whole-word;fails to support this. 
D) whole-word;supports this.

Question 10

When it comes to making inferences,the constructivist view is to the minimalist view as ________ is to

Accepted Answer

A) automatic;strategic. 
B) less;more. 
C) attention;working memory. 
D) remote;immediate. 
A) automatic;strategic. 
B) less;more. 
C) attention;working memory. 
D) remote;immediate.

Question 11

Callender and McDaniel investigated the effect of embedding questions in text for both high- and low-structure builders.The test included items that had been the target of embedded questions,and other items that were related to concepts targeted by embedded questions.What did they find?

Accepted Answer

A) Embedded questions led low-structure builders to comprehend as well as high-structure builders. 
B) Both high- and low-structure builders were aided by embedded questions. 
C) Low-structure builders were helped by embedded questions,but only on the targeted concepts. 
D) Low-structure builders were helped by embedded questions,for both targeted and related concepts. 
A) Embedded questions led low-structure builders to comprehend as well as high-structure builders. 
B) Both high- and low-structure builders were aided by embedded questions. 
C) Low-structure builders were helped by embedded questions,but only on the targeted concepts. 
D) Low-structure builders were helped by embedded questions,for both targeted and related concepts.

Question 12

"Jim thought his golf game was pretty bad,so he decided to get some new clubs." In this sentence,the word "he" is a(n)

Accepted Answer

A) inference. 
B) antecedent. 
C) anaphor. 
D) text base. 
A) inference. 
B) antecedent. 
C) anaphor. 
D) text base.

Question 13

Rayner,White,Johnson,and Liversedge (2006)examined fixation times for words that were normal or jumbled.They found that

Accepted Answer

A) words with the internal letters transposed had the longest fixation times. 
B) words with the initial letter transposed had the longest fixation times. 
C) fixation times for normal words and for words with ending letters transposed were the same. 
D) there was no difference between words with internal,ending,or beginning letters transposed. 
A) words with the internal letters transposed had the longest fixation times. 
B) words with the initial letter transposed had the longest fixation times. 
C) fixation times for normal words and for words with ending letters transposed were the same. 
D) there was no difference between words with internal,ending,or beginning letters transposed.

Question 14

A word like "the" is called a ______ word,and the likelihood we would fixate on it during reading is about

Accepted Answer

A) content;40%. 
B) content;80%. 
C) function;40%. 
D) function;80%. 
A) content;40%. 
B) content;80%. 
C) function;40%. 
D) function;80%.

Question 15

A word like "power" is called a ______ word,and the likelihood we would fixate on it during reading is about

Accepted Answer

A) content;40%. 
B) content;80%. 
C) function;40%. 
D) function;80%. 
A) content;40%. 
B) content;80%. 
C) function;40%. 
D) function;80%.

Question 16

The story grammar approach basically applies which notion from sentence comprehension to the comprehension of stories and larger units of discourse?

Accepted Answer

A) Case grammar 
B) Parsing 
C) Morphology 
D) Constraint-based grammar 
A) Case grammar 
B) Parsing 
C) Morphology 
D) Constraint-based grammar

Question 17

Ashby (2010)had participants silently read target words preceded by a prime.The priming was found to help prepare participants for the stimulus if the target was _______ congruent to the prime.

Accepted Answer

A) phonologically 
B) fixed 
C) semantically 
D) indirectly 
A) phonologically 
B) fixed 
C) semantically 
D) indirectly

Question 18

The "neural signature" of dyslexia seems to be impaired processing in the brain's

Accepted Answer

A) frontal-temporal regions. 
B) occipito-temporal regions. 
C) frontal lobe. 
D) parietal lobe. 
A) frontal-temporal regions. 
B) occipito-temporal regions. 
C) frontal lobe. 
D) parietal lobe.

Question 19

All of the following are functions of the blank spaces between words except

Accepted Answer

A) they allow the reader a split second to rest. 
B) they help indicate the length of upcoming words. 
C) they provide information about the length of words currently being read. 
D) they make words physically easier to see. 
A) they allow the reader a split second to rest. 
B) they help indicate the length of upcoming words. 
C) they provide information about the length of words currently being read. 
D) they make words physically easier to see.

Question 20

This structure-building process involves using world knowledge and linguistic knowledge to relate new information to information that's already been encoded.

Accepted Answer

A) Laying a foundation 
B) Mapping 
C) Shifting 
D) Suppression 
A) Laying a foundation 
B) Mapping 
C) Shifting 
D) Suppression

In her classic study of gist and verbatim memory(using a passage about Galileo,Sachs (1967)found that

Luo,Johnson,and Gallo (1998)tested whether "pseudohomophones" (e.g. ,"brane")would show effects of semantic relatedness.In other words,would the letter string "brane" prime a related concept (e.g. ,neuron)? They found that

The fact that you can read "recgonize" and "yellwo" demonstrates which concept?

Anaphors are more likely to result in the successful retrieval of an appropriate antecedent when

Although we do retain the gist of a sentence better than its verbatim form,Ferreira,Bock,Wilson,and Cohen (2008)found that participants had __ memory for the _ previously presented sentences.

Perea,Acha,and Carreiras (2009)investigated the reading comprehension of text messages and found that

Suppose a friend says,"I'm so nervous about that big test tomorrow." In this sentence,the given information is

High-frequency words like "robin" receive _____ fixation as low-frequency words like "penguin."

The importance of indirect access in word recognition would seem to imply that the best approach to teaching children to read is the ________ approach.Research evidence

When it comes to making inferences,the constructivist view is to the minimalist view as ________ is to

Callender and McDaniel investigated the effect of embedding questions in text for both high- and low-structure builders.The test included items that had been the target of embedded questions,and other items that were related to concepts targeted by embedded questions.What did they find?

"Jim thought his golf game was pretty bad,so he decided to get some new clubs." In this sentence,the word "he" is a(n)

Rayner,White,Johnson,and Liversedge (2006)examined fixation times for words that were normal or jumbled.They found that

A word like "the" is called a ______ word,and the likelihood we would fixate on it during reading is about

A word like "power" is called a ______ word,and the likelihood we would fixate on it during reading is about

The story grammar approach basically applies which notion from sentence comprehension to the comprehension of stories and larger units of discourse?

Ashby (2010)had participants silently read target words preceded by a prime.The priming was found to help prepare participants for the stimulus if the target was _______ congruent to the prime.

The "neural signature" of dyslexia seems to be impaired processing in the brain's

All of the following are functions of the blank spaces between words except

This structure-building process involves using world knowledge and linguistic knowledge to relate new information to information that's already been encoded.

Cognition As the Study of Information Processing

Perception and Consciousness

Mechanisms of Attention

Immediate Memory

Concepts and Categories of Object Recognition

Basic Processes in Long-Term Memory

The Reconstructive Nature of Memory

Autobiographical Memory

Basic Issues in Languageand Speech Processing

Judgments and Decisions

Problem Solving

Filters

Exam 10: Reading and Comprehending Text

In her classic study of gist and verbatim memory(using a passage about Galileo,Sachs (1967)found that

Luo,Johnson,and Gallo (1998)tested whether "pseudohomophones" (e.g. ,"brane")would show effects of semantic relatedness.In other words,would the letter string "brane" prime a related concept (e.g. ,neuron)? They found that

The fact that you can read "recgonize" and "yellwo" demonstrates which concept?

Anaphors are more likely to result in the successful retrieval of an appropriate antecedent when

Although we do retain the gist of a sentence better than its verbatim form,Ferreira,Bock,Wilson,and Cohen (2008)found that participants had ______ memory for the _____ previously presented sentences.

Perea,Acha,and Carreiras (2009)investigated the reading comprehension of text messages and found that

Suppose a friend says,"I'm so nervous about that big test tomorrow." In this sentence,the given information is

High-frequency words like "robin" receive _____ fixation as low-frequency words like "penguin."

The importance of indirect access in word recognition would seem to imply that the best approach to teaching children to read is the ________ approach.Research evidence

When it comes to making inferences,the constructivist view is to the minimalist view as ________ is to

Callender and McDaniel investigated the effect of embedding questions in text for both high- and low-structure builders.The test included items that had been the target of embedded questions,and other items that were related to concepts targeted by embedded questions.What did they find?

"Jim thought his golf game was pretty bad,so he decided to get some new clubs." In this sentence,the word "he" is a(n)

Rayner,White,Johnson,and Liversedge (2006)examined fixation times for words that were normal or jumbled.They found that

A word like "the" is called a ______ word,and the likelihood we would fixate on it during reading is about

A word like "power" is called a ______ word,and the likelihood we would fixate on it during reading is about

The story grammar approach basically applies which notion from sentence comprehension to the comprehension of stories and larger units of discourse?

Ashby (2010)had participants silently read target words preceded by a prime.The priming was found to help prepare participants for the stimulus if the target was _______ congruent to the prime.

The "neural signature" of dyslexia seems to be impaired processing in the brain's

All of the following are functions of the blank spaces between words except

This structure-building process involves using world knowledge and linguistic knowledge to relate new information to information that's already been encoded.

Cognition As the Study of Information Processing

Perception and Consciousness

Mechanisms of Attention

Immediate Memory

Concepts and Categories of Object Recognition

Basic Processes in Long-Term Memory

The Reconstructive Nature of Memory

Autobiographical Memory

Basic Issues in Languageand Speech Processing

Judgments and Decisions

Problem Solving

Filters

Although we do retain the gist of a sentence better than its verbatim form,Ferreira,Bock,Wilson,and Cohen (2008)found that participants had __ memory for the _ previously presented sentences.