Question 1

The results of laboratory studies of illusory memory indicate that

Accepted Answer

A) participants often consciously recollect the theme words around which each list is constructed,even though these words were never presented. 
B) participants don't generally recollect that the theme word had been presented;they just know it was presented. 
C) participants often recognized that the theme words as having been in the lists but rarely recalled those theme words. 
D) false memories cannot be created in a list-learning paradigm. 
A) participants often consciously recollect the theme words around which each list is constructed,even though these words were never presented. 
B) participants don't generally recollect that the theme word had been presented;they just know it was presented. 
C) participants often recognized that the theme words as having been in the lists but rarely recalled those theme words. 
D) false memories cannot be created in a list-learning paradigm. A

Question 2

All of these are stages of the constructive memory process proposed by Schacter and colleagues except

Accepted Answer

A) feature binding. 
B) criterion setting. 
C) imagination inflation. 
D) focusing. 
A) feature binding. 
B) criterion setting. 
C) imagination inflation. 
D) focusing. C

Question 3

Sandra is a witness to a bank robbery.When asked to identify the culprit in a lineup,she brings her friend Tom with her.After Sandra identified the culprit,Tom says the guy she identified really stood out;he looked meaner and tougher than the rest of the people in the lineup.It seems,perhaps,that Sandra's identification could have been tainted by

Accepted Answer

A) photo bias. 
B) the misinformation effect. 
C) the inadequate functional size of the lineup. 
D) the fact that a show-up procedure was used. 
A) photo bias. 
B) the misinformation effect. 
C) the inadequate functional size of the lineup. 
D) the fact that a show-up procedure was used. C

Question 4

According to fuzzy trace theory,the DRM memory illusion occurs because presenting the related words

Accepted Answer

A) strengthens a verbatim trace. 
B) weakens a fuzzy trace. 
C) strengthens a gist trace. 
D) weakens a know trace. 
A) strengthens a verbatim trace. 
B) weakens a fuzzy trace. 
C) strengthens a gist trace. 
D) weakens a know trace.

Question 5

The effect of stress and emotion on memory seems to depend on the attentional mode of control that is present when an emotional event,such as a crime,occurs.If,when witnessing the crime,the person is extremely worried and anxious,and his or her heart rate and breathing are very high,

Accepted Answer

A) he or she will be in arousal mode and remember only the peripheral details. 
B) he or she will be in arousal mode and remember only the central details. 
C) he or she will be in activation mode and not remember much at all. 
D) he or she will be in activation mode and remember both the central and peripheral details. 
A) he or she will be in arousal mode and remember only the peripheral details. 
B) he or she will be in arousal mode and remember only the central details. 
C) he or she will be in activation mode and not remember much at all. 
D) he or she will be in activation mode and remember both the central and peripheral details.

Question 6

Which of the following cannot be explained as a failure in the source monitoring process?

Accepted Answer

A) Imagination inflation 
B) Misinformation effect 
C) Unconscious transference 
D) Weapon focus 
A) Imagination inflation 
B) Misinformation effect 
C) Unconscious transference 
D) Weapon focus

Question 7

When Timothy McVeigh was arrested for the Oklahoma City bombing,his steps were traced to a Ryder truck rental outlet.A worker at Ryder trucks also reported another man who had been with McVeigh.Police sought this man out as well,considering him a possible co-conspirator,and referring to him as "John Doe #2." Later,it came out that "John Doe #2" was actually an innocent man who had come into the Ryder rental place an hour or so after McVeigh.The Ryder worker's initial memory about John Doe #2 is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) the misinformation effect. 
B) unconscious transference. 
C) photo bias. 
D) the effects of emotional stress on eyewitness memory. 
A) the misinformation effect. 
B) unconscious transference. 
C) photo bias. 
D) the effects of emotional stress on eyewitness memory.

Question 8

Corroborated cases of repressed then recovered memories have a number of commonalities.These commonalities include all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A) cues in the recovery situation represent aspects of the original experience. 
B) gradually recovery,over a period of days or weeks. 
C) the memory had been previously reported,then forgotten. 
D) extreme shock and emotion once the memory is recovered. 
A) cues in the recovery situation represent aspects of the original experience. 
B) gradually recovery,over a period of days or weeks. 
C) the memory had been previously reported,then forgotten. 
D) extreme shock and emotion once the memory is recovered.

Question 9

Which of these "sins of memory" is a sin of omission (as opposed to commission)?

Accepted Answer

A) Misattribution 
B) Suggestibility 
C) Bias 
D) Absentmindedness 
A) Misattribution 
B) Suggestibility 
C) Bias 
D) Absentmindedness

Question 10

Williams (1994)attempted to corroborate individual cases of lost traumatic memories by finding individuals who had been admitted 17 years earlier to sexual abuse clinics and interviewing them about their current knowledge of the experience.The findings are interpreted as evidence ____ the reality of repressed than recovered memories because

Accepted Answer

A) for;over 1/3 failed to remember the event for which they had been admitted. 
B) for;all of them failed to remember the event for which they had been admitted. 
C) against;all of them vividly remembered the event for which they had been admitted. 
D) against;none of them failed to remember the event for which they had been admitted. 
A) for;over 1/3 failed to remember the event for which they had been admitted. 
B) for;all of them failed to remember the event for which they had been admitted. 
C) against;all of them vividly remembered the event for which they had been admitted. 
D) against;none of them failed to remember the event for which they had been admitted.

Question 11

The least desirable outcome from a lineup choice is

Accepted Answer

A) an incorrect identification. 
B) no choice. 
C) an identification failure. 
D) a correct rejection. 
A) an incorrect identification. 
B) no choice. 
C) an identification failure. 
D) a correct rejection.

Question 12

Nash,Wade,and Brewer (2009)investigated what they termed the doctored evidence effect and propose all but one of these as a possible source of the effect.Which one did they not propose?

Accepted Answer

A) Imagination 
B) Familiarity 
C) Credibility 
D) Elaboration 
A) Imagination 
B) Familiarity 
C) Credibility 
D) Elaboration

Question 13

Analysis of case studies of corroborated recovered memories reveals that they obey which memory principle?

Accepted Answer

A) The outshining hypothesis 
B) The von Restorff effect 
C) Levels of processing 
D) The encoding specificity principle 
A) The outshining hypothesis 
B) The von Restorff effect 
C) Levels of processing 
D) The encoding specificity principle

Question 14

One criticism of sequential lineups that has been raised is that they

Accepted Answer

A) reduce correct rejections. 
B) increase incorrect identifications. 
C) increase false identifications. 
D) reduce correct identifications. 
A) reduce correct rejections. 
B) increase incorrect identifications. 
C) increase false identifications. 
D) reduce correct identifications.

Question 15

Jury members tend to believe confident eyewitnesses.However,they really should only believe a very confident eyewitness when

Accepted Answer

A) the eyewitness identified the criminal in about 10 seconds. 
B) the eyewitness has been hypnotized. 
C) the eyewitness took more than 30 seconds to identify the criminal in a lineup. 
D) they should never believe a confident eyewitness because confidence is a poor predictor of memory. 
A) the eyewitness identified the criminal in about 10 seconds. 
B) the eyewitness has been hypnotized. 
C) the eyewitness took more than 30 seconds to identify the criminal in a lineup. 
D) they should never believe a confident eyewitness because confidence is a poor predictor of memory.

Question 16

The effect of stress and emotion on memory seems to depend on the attentional mode of control that is present when an emotional event,such as a crime,occurs.In the _______ mode,novel,surprising,and interesting events will be remembered best.

Accepted Answer

A) activation 
B) arousal 
C) encoding 
D) misinformation 
A) activation 
B) arousal 
C) encoding 
D) misinformation

Question 17

Ellroy remembers that Eleanor told him that she was admitted to law school.He later finds out that it was Claire,not Eleanor,who told him that she was admitted to law school.This is an example of the memory sin of

Accepted Answer

A) persistence. 
B) bias. 
C) misattribution. 
D) suggestibility. 
A) persistence. 
B) bias. 
C) misattribution. 
D) suggestibility.

Question 18

Hypnosis has sometimes been used as a retrieval technique for an eyewitness memory.What conclusions can be drawn about using hypnosis in this way?

Accepted Answer

A) Hypnosis can be used,but only in extreme cases. 
B) Hypnosis leads to an increase in report of fabricated details and so should be avoided. 
C) Hypnosis should be used because it leads to an increase in the amount of information reported. 
D) Hypnosis should be avoided because it doesn't lead to any increase in the amount of information reported. 
A) Hypnosis can be used,but only in extreme cases. 
B) Hypnosis leads to an increase in report of fabricated details and so should be avoided. 
C) Hypnosis should be used because it leads to an increase in the amount of information reported. 
D) Hypnosis should be avoided because it doesn't lead to any increase in the amount of information reported.

Question 19

When a witness fails to distinguish between a target person and another person encountered at a different time whose face is also familiar,this is called

Accepted Answer

A) the misinformation effect. 
B) unconscious transference. 
C) the sin of absentmindedness. 
D) the arousal mode of encoding. 
A) the misinformation effect. 
B) unconscious transference. 
C) the sin of absentmindedness. 
D) the arousal mode of encoding.

Question 20

If an eyewitness to a crime experiences a weapon focus,he or she will be

Accepted Answer

A) more likely to remember information about the gun,but less likely to remember what the person is wearing. 
B) more likely to remember what the person is wearing,but less likely to remember information about the gun. 
C) more likely to remember peripheral details,but less likely to remember central details. 
D) equally likely to remember peripheral and central details. 
A) more likely to remember information about the gun,but less likely to remember what the person is wearing. 
B) more likely to remember what the person is wearing,but less likely to remember information about the gun. 
C) more likely to remember peripheral details,but less likely to remember central details. 
D) equally likely to remember peripheral and central details.

The results of laboratory studies of illusory memory indicate that

All of these are stages of the constructive memory process proposed by Schacter and colleagues except

According to fuzzy trace theory,the DRM memory illusion occurs because presenting the related words

The effect of stress and emotion on memory seems to depend on the attentional mode of control that is present when an emotional event,such as a crime,occurs.If,when witnessing the crime,the person is extremely worried and anxious,and his or her heart rate and breathing are very high,

Which of the following cannot be explained as a failure in the source monitoring process?

Corroborated cases of repressed then recovered memories have a number of commonalities.These commonalities include all of the following except

Which of these "sins of memory" is a sin of omission (as opposed to commission)?

The least desirable outcome from a lineup choice is

Nash,Wade,and Brewer (2009)investigated what they termed the doctored evidence effect and propose all but one of these as a possible source of the effect.Which one did they not propose?

Analysis of case studies of corroborated recovered memories reveals that they obey which memory principle?

One criticism of sequential lineups that has been raised is that they

Jury members tend to believe confident eyewitnesses.However,they really should only believe a very confident eyewitness when

The effect of stress and emotion on memory seems to depend on the attentional mode of control that is present when an emotional event,such as a crime,occurs.In the _______ mode,novel,surprising,and interesting events will be remembered best.

Ellroy remembers that Eleanor told him that she was admitted to law school.He later finds out that it was Claire,not Eleanor,who told him that she was admitted to law school.This is an example of the memory sin of

Hypnosis has sometimes been used as a retrieval technique for an eyewitness memory.What conclusions can be drawn about using hypnosis in this way?

When a witness fails to distinguish between a target person and another person encountered at a different time whose face is also familiar,this is called

If an eyewitness to a crime experiences a weapon focus,he or she will be

Cognition As the Study of Information Processing

Perception and Consciousness

Mechanisms of Attention

Immediate Memory

Concepts and Categories of Object Recognition

Basic Processes in Long-Term Memory

Autobiographical Memory

Basic Issues in Languageand Speech Processing

Reading and Comprehending Text

Judgments and Decisions

Problem Solving

Filters

Exam 7: The Reconstructive Nature of Memory

The results of laboratory studies of illusory memory indicate that

All of these are stages of the constructive memory process proposed by Schacter and colleagues except

According to fuzzy trace theory,the DRM memory illusion occurs because presenting the related words

The effect of stress and emotion on memory seems to depend on the attentional mode of control that is present when an emotional event,such as a crime,occurs.If,when witnessing the crime,the person is extremely worried and anxious,and his or her heart rate and breathing are very high,

Which of the following cannot be explained as a failure in the source monitoring process?

Corroborated cases of repressed then recovered memories have a number of commonalities.These commonalities include all of the following except

Which of these "sins of memory" is a sin of omission (as opposed to commission)?

The least desirable outcome from a lineup choice is

Nash,Wade,and Brewer (2009)investigated what they termed the doctored evidence effect and propose all but one of these as a possible source of the effect.Which one did they not propose?

Analysis of case studies of corroborated recovered memories reveals that they obey which memory principle?

One criticism of sequential lineups that has been raised is that they

Jury members tend to believe confident eyewitnesses.However,they really should only believe a very confident eyewitness when

The effect of stress and emotion on memory seems to depend on the attentional mode of control that is present when an emotional event,such as a crime,occurs.In the _______ mode,novel,surprising,and interesting events will be remembered best.

Ellroy remembers that Eleanor told him that she was admitted to law school.He later finds out that it was Claire,not Eleanor,who told him that she was admitted to law school.This is an example of the memory sin of

Hypnosis has sometimes been used as a retrieval technique for an eyewitness memory.What conclusions can be drawn about using hypnosis in this way?

When a witness fails to distinguish between a target person and another person encountered at a different time whose face is also familiar,this is called

If an eyewitness to a crime experiences a weapon focus,he or she will be

Cognition As the Study of Information Processing

Perception and Consciousness

Mechanisms of Attention

Immediate Memory

Concepts and Categories of Object Recognition

Basic Processes in Long-Term Memory

Autobiographical Memory

Basic Issues in Languageand Speech Processing

Reading and Comprehending Text

Judgments and Decisions

Problem Solving

Filters