Question 1

Declarative is to procedural as _____ is to

Accepted Answer

A) short-term;long-term. 
B) knowing that;knowing how. 
C) semantic;episodic. 
D) facts;personal history. 
A) short-term;long-term. 
B) knowing that;knowing how. 
C) semantic;episodic. 
D) facts;personal history. B

Question 2

Memory tests that assess how experiences and events influence our behavior without consciously being recalled are termed

Accepted Answer

A) recognition tests. 
B) recall tests. 
C) implicit memory tests. 
D) explicit memory tests. 
A) recognition tests. 
B) recall tests. 
C) implicit memory tests. 
D) explicit memory tests. C

Question 3

Explicit is to implicit as

Accepted Answer

A) amnesics are to controls. 
B) semantic is to episodic. 
C) priming is to recognition. 
D) conscious is to unconscious. 
A) amnesics are to controls. 
B) semantic is to episodic. 
C) priming is to recognition. 
D) conscious is to unconscious. D

Question 4

If someone has answer stuck "on the tip of their tongue," this means that the information he or she wants is

Accepted Answer

A) available and accessible. 
B) accessible,but not available. 
C) available,but not accessible. 
D) neither accessible nor available. 
A) available and accessible. 
B) accessible,but not available. 
C) available,but not accessible. 
D) neither accessible nor available.

Question 5

Warrington and Weiskrantz (1970)found a dissociation on memory performance for amnesics and nonamnesics.This means they found

Accepted Answer

A) amnesics had better recognition of words than nonamnesics,but worse performance on word fragment completion. 
B) amnesics had worse recognition of words than nonamnesics,but they performed the same on word fragment completion. 
C) amnesics had better performance on explicit memory tests,but worse performance on implicit memory tests. 
D) amnesics had better performance on implicit memory tests,but the same performance as nonamnesics on explicit memory tests. 
A) amnesics had better recognition of words than nonamnesics,but worse performance on word fragment completion. 
B) amnesics had worse recognition of words than nonamnesics,but they performed the same on word fragment completion. 
C) amnesics had better performance on explicit memory tests,but worse performance on implicit memory tests. 
D) amnesics had better performance on implicit memory tests,but the same performance as nonamnesics on explicit memory tests.

Question 6

According to the transfer-appropriate processing account of implicit/explicit dissociations,

Accepted Answer

A) explicit memory tests are typically conceptually driven,while implicit tests are typically data-driven. 
B) explicit memory tests are typically data-driven,so are aided most by conceptually driven tasks. 
C) explicit memory taps declarative memory,while implicit memory taps procedural memory. 
D) explicit memory taps procedural memory,while implicit memory taps declarative memory. 
A) explicit memory tests are typically conceptually driven,while implicit tests are typically data-driven. 
B) explicit memory tests are typically data-driven,so are aided most by conceptually driven tasks. 
C) explicit memory taps declarative memory,while implicit memory taps procedural memory. 
D) explicit memory taps procedural memory,while implicit memory taps declarative memory.

Question 7

The transfer-appropriate processing approach proposed by Morris,Bransford,and Franks (1977)added an important qualification to the levels of processing notion.What was this qualification?

Accepted Answer

A) That the levels of processing effect depends on whether incidental or intentional learning is used 
B) That the levels of processing effect occurs only for single words,not for any other type of stimuli) 
C) That the levels of processing effect depends on exactly how memory is tested 
D) That the levels of processing effect depends on the time spent processing,in addition to the nature of processing 
A) That the levels of processing effect depends on whether incidental or intentional learning is used 
B) That the levels of processing effect occurs only for single words,not for any other type of stimuli) 
C) That the levels of processing effect depends on exactly how memory is tested 
D) That the levels of processing effect depends on the time spent processing,in addition to the nature of processing

Question 8

Maintenance rehearsal

Accepted Answer

A) helps performance on a recall memory test,but not on a recognition memory test. 
B) helps performance on a recognition memory test,but not on a recall memory test. 
C) helps performance on both recall and recognition memory tests. 
D) helps performance on neither recall nor recognition memory tests. 
A) helps performance on a recall memory test,but not on a recognition memory test. 
B) helps performance on a recognition memory test,but not on a recall memory test. 
C) helps performance on both recall and recognition memory tests. 
D) helps performance on neither recall nor recognition memory tests.

Question 9

A critical difference in prospective and retrospective memory is that

Accepted Answer

A) retrospective memory is explicit,and prospective memory is implicit. 
B) in retrospective memory,there is typically an explicit cue to remember;in prospective memory,there isn't. 
C) retrospective memory requires that a person "remember to remember";prospective memory doesn't. 
D) only retrospective memory plays a role in action slips;prospective memory isn't involved. 
A) retrospective memory is explicit,and prospective memory is implicit. 
B) in retrospective memory,there is typically an explicit cue to remember;in prospective memory,there isn't. 
C) retrospective memory requires that a person "remember to remember";prospective memory doesn't. 
D) only retrospective memory plays a role in action slips;prospective memory isn't involved.

Question 10

Godden and Baddeley (1975)tested divers' memory for words by having them encode on the beach or under water.The results indicated

Accepted Answer

A) support for the encoding specificity principle because words encoded on the beach were remembered better on the beach than under water. 
B) support for the encoding specificity principle because subjects who encoded and retrieved the words on the beach did better than subjects who encoded underwater and then retrieved on the beach. 
C) support for transfer-appropriate processing because words encoded on the beach were remembered better on the beach than under water. 
D) support for context-dependency effects because words encoded and retrieved under water were remembered better than words encoded and retrieved on the beach. 
A) support for the encoding specificity principle because words encoded on the beach were remembered better on the beach than under water. 
B) support for the encoding specificity principle because subjects who encoded and retrieved the words on the beach did better than subjects who encoded underwater and then retrieved on the beach. 
C) support for transfer-appropriate processing because words encoded on the beach were remembered better on the beach than under water. 
D) support for context-dependency effects because words encoded and retrieved under water were remembered better than words encoded and retrieved on the beach.

Question 11

The general format of a context-dependency study involves two encoding conditions,A and B,and two retrieval conditions,A and B.Which of the following comparison among conditions would be a test of the encoding specificity principle?

Accepted Answer

A) Comparing the AA group to the BA group 
B) Comparing the BB group to the AB group 
C) Comparing the AA group to the AB group 
D) Comparing the AB group to the BA group 
A) Comparing the AA group to the BA group 
B) Comparing the BB group to the AB group 
C) Comparing the AA group to the AB group 
D) Comparing the AB group to the BA group

Question 12

The main idea of material-appropriate processing is

Accepted Answer

A) the type of processing should complement the material;for example,relational processing for material that is not well organized. 
B) the type of processing should match the material;for example,organized processing for organized material. 
C) the type of processing should complement the material;for example,distinctive processing for information that has little structure. 
D) the type of processing should match the material;for example,relational processing for organized material. 
A) the type of processing should complement the material;for example,relational processing for material that is not well organized. 
B) the type of processing should match the material;for example,organized processing for organized material. 
C) the type of processing should complement the material;for example,distinctive processing for information that has little structure. 
D) the type of processing should match the material;for example,relational processing for organized material.

Question 13

If people are given unorganized information to process,they will attempt to

Accepted Answer

A) use distinctiveness processing to aid memory. 
B) impose their own structure and use subjective,idiosyncratic categories. 
C) use material-appropriate processing to aid memory. 
D) remember it using maintenance rehearsal. 
A) use distinctiveness processing to aid memory. 
B) impose their own structure and use subjective,idiosyncratic categories. 
C) use material-appropriate processing to aid memory. 
D) remember it using maintenance rehearsal.

Question 14

Age deficits in prospective memory

Accepted Answer

A) are generally not observed,unlike the deficits that are common in retrospective memory. 
B) are observed,but only in situations that do not require self-initiated retrieval. 
C) are observed,but only in event-based prospective memory. 
D) are observed,but usually when the prospective memory cue is nonfocal. 
A) are generally not observed,unlike the deficits that are common in retrospective memory. 
B) are observed,but only in situations that do not require self-initiated retrieval. 
C) are observed,but only in event-based prospective memory. 
D) are observed,but usually when the prospective memory cue is nonfocal.

Question 15

According to the memory systems account of implicit/explicit dissociations,

Accepted Answer

A) explicit memory performance is based on procedural memory,while implicit performance is based on declarative memory. 
B) explicit memory performance is based on declarative memory,while implicit performance is based on procedural memory. 
C) both explicit and implicit memory performance are based on semantic memory. 
D) both explicit and implicit memory performance are based on procedural memory. 
A) explicit memory performance is based on procedural memory,while implicit performance is based on declarative memory. 
B) explicit memory performance is based on declarative memory,while implicit performance is based on procedural memory. 
C) both explicit and implicit memory performance are based on semantic memory. 
D) both explicit and implicit memory performance are based on procedural memory.

Question 16

Which of these combinations of repetition/rehearsal would lead to the best memory?

Accepted Answer

A) Massed/elaborative 
B) Distributed/elaborative 
C) Distributed/maintenance 
D) Massed/maintenance 
A) Massed/elaborative 
B) Distributed/elaborative 
C) Distributed/maintenance 
D) Massed/maintenance

Question 17

Which of the following types of processing would result in the best memory?

Accepted Answer

A) Thinking about how many syllables are in the word you are trying to remember 
B) Thinking of a rhyming word 
C) Evaluating whether the word fits into a sentence 
D) Thinking about how the word relates to you 
A) Thinking about how many syllables are in the word you are trying to remember 
B) Thinking of a rhyming word 
C) Evaluating whether the word fits into a sentence 
D) Thinking about how the word relates to you

Question 18

Implicit memory is tested by

Accepted Answer

A) word-fragment completion. 
B) recognition. 
C) cued recall. 
D) free recall. 
A) word-fragment completion. 
B) recognition. 
C) cued recall. 
D) free recall.

Question 19

_______ refers to the processes involved in the acquisition of material.

Accepted Answer

A) Explicit memory 
B) Retrieval 
C) Storage 
D) Encoding 
A) Explicit memory 
B) Retrieval 
C) Storage 
D) Encoding

Question 20

Which one of the following memory tasks is going to be harder for your elderly grandfather?

Accepted Answer

A) Remembering to put the trash out on Tuesday mornings before 7 a.m. 
B) Remembering to mow the lawn 
C) Remembering the vacation he took 10 years ago to the Grand Canyon 
D) Remembering how to ride a bicycle 
A) Remembering to put the trash out on Tuesday mornings before 7 a.m. 
B) Remembering to mow the lawn 
C) Remembering the vacation he took 10 years ago to the Grand Canyon 
D) Remembering how to ride a bicycle

Declarative is to procedural as _____ is to

Memory tests that assess how experiences and events influence our behavior without consciously being recalled are termed

Explicit is to implicit as

If someone has answer stuck "on the tip of their tongue," this means that the information he or she wants is

Warrington and Weiskrantz (1970)found a dissociation on memory performance for amnesics and nonamnesics.This means they found

According to the transfer-appropriate processing account of implicit/explicit dissociations,

The transfer-appropriate processing approach proposed by Morris,Bransford,and Franks (1977)added an important qualification to the levels of processing notion.What was this qualification?

Maintenance rehearsal

A critical difference in prospective and retrospective memory is that

Godden and Baddeley (1975)tested divers' memory for words by having them encode on the beach or under water.The results indicated

The general format of a context-dependency study involves two encoding conditions,A and B,and two retrieval conditions,A and B.Which of the following comparison among conditions would be a test of the encoding specificity principle?

The main idea of material-appropriate processing is

If people are given unorganized information to process,they will attempt to

Age deficits in prospective memory

According to the memory systems account of implicit/explicit dissociations,

Which of these combinations of repetition/rehearsal would lead to the best memory?

Which of the following types of processing would result in the best memory?

Implicit memory is tested by

_______ refers to the processes involved in the acquisition of material.

Which one of the following memory tasks is going to be harder for your elderly grandfather?

Cognition As the Study of Information Processing

Perception and Consciousness

Mechanisms of Attention

Immediate Memory

Concepts and Categories of Object Recognition

The Reconstructive Nature of Memory

Autobiographical Memory

Basic Issues in Languageand Speech Processing

Reading and Comprehending Text

Judgments and Decisions

Problem Solving

Filters

Exam 6: Basic Processes in Long-Term Memory

Declarative is to procedural as _____ is to

Memory tests that assess how experiences and events influence our behavior without consciously being recalled are termed

Explicit is to implicit as

If someone has answer stuck "on the tip of their tongue," this means that the information he or she wants is

Warrington and Weiskrantz (1970)found a dissociation on memory performance for amnesics and nonamnesics.This means they found

According to the transfer-appropriate processing account of implicit/explicit dissociations,

The transfer-appropriate processing approach proposed by Morris,Bransford,and Franks (1977)added an important qualification to the levels of processing notion.What was this qualification?

Maintenance rehearsal

A critical difference in prospective and retrospective memory is that

Godden and Baddeley (1975)tested divers' memory for words by having them encode on the beach or under water.The results indicated

The general format of a context-dependency study involves two encoding conditions,A and B,and two retrieval conditions,A and B.Which of the following comparison among conditions would be a test of the encoding specificity principle?

The main idea of material-appropriate processing is

If people are given unorganized information to process,they will attempt to

Age deficits in prospective memory

According to the memory systems account of implicit/explicit dissociations,

Which of these combinations of repetition/rehearsal would lead to the best memory?

Which of the following types of processing would result in the best memory?

Implicit memory is tested by

_______ refers to the processes involved in the acquisition of material.

Which one of the following memory tasks is going to be harder for your elderly grandfather?

Cognition As the Study of Information Processing

Perception and Consciousness

Mechanisms of Attention

Immediate Memory

Concepts and Categories of Object Recognition

The Reconstructive Nature of Memory

Autobiographical Memory

Basic Issues in Languageand Speech Processing

Reading and Comprehending Text

Judgments and Decisions

Problem Solving

Filters