Question 1

Word fixations typically last around

Accepted Answer

A) 2 seconds. 
B) 1 second. 
C) ¾ second. 
D) ¼ second. 
A) 2 seconds. 
B) 1 second. 
C) ¾ second. 
D) ¼ second.

Question 2

Research on speed reading indicates that

Accepted Answer

A) training in speed reading leads to real gains in reading comprehension. 
B) people who speed read seem to behave and comprehend like people who skim. 
C) eliminating the "inner speech" that occurs during reading does enhance reading speed. 
D) people who speed read never fixate;they only engage in saccades. 
A) training in speed reading leads to real gains in reading comprehension. 
B) people who speed read seem to behave and comprehend like people who skim. 
C) eliminating the "inner speech" that occurs during reading does enhance reading speed. 
D) people who speed read never fixate;they only engage in saccades.

Question 3

Pickering and Traxler (1998)gave some participants garden-path sentences in which both interpretations made sense (e.g. ,As the woman edited the magazine amused all the reporters)and gave other participants garden-path sentences in which only one interpretation really made sense (e.g. ,As the woman sailed the magazine amused all the reporters).What did their results indicate?

Accepted Answer

A) They showed stronger garden-path effects for plausible sentences. 
B) They showed stronger garden-path effects for implausible sentences. 
C) They showed equal-sized garden-path effects for plausible and implausible sentences. 
D) They failed to replicate the comprehension difficulties of garden-path sentences. 
A) They showed stronger garden-path effects for plausible sentences. 
B) They showed stronger garden-path effects for implausible sentences. 
C) They showed equal-sized garden-path effects for plausible and implausible sentences. 
D) They failed to replicate the comprehension difficulties of garden-path sentences.

Question 4

Ditman,Brunyé,Mahoney,and Taylor (2009)investigated the role of embodiment in text comprehension by varying the pronoun used to describe a three-sentence piece of discourse that described an activity.Comprehension was best when the pronoun subjects were reading was

Accepted Answer

A) "me." 
B) "you." 
C) "they." 
D) "she." 
A) "me." 
B) "you." 
C) "they." 
D) "she."

Question 5

Saccades are to fixations as ________ is to

Accepted Answer

A) long;short. 
B) reading;listening. 
C) non-informational;informational. 
D) start;stop. 
A) long;short. 
B) reading;listening. 
C) non-informational;informational. 
D) start;stop.

Question 6

________ pioneering research on memory was also critical to research on text memory and comprehension.

Accepted Answer

A) Ebbinghaus's 
B) Bartlett's 
C) Loftus's 
D) Tulving's 
A) Ebbinghaus's 
B) Bartlett's 
C) Loftus's 
D) Tulving's

Question 7

Dyslexics have particular trouble

Accepted Answer

A) reading words in the correct order. 
B) recognizing words when they hear them. 
C) mapping the look of a word onto its sound. 
D) performing normally on standard measures of intelligence. 
A) reading words in the correct order. 
B) recognizing words when they hear them. 
C) mapping the look of a word onto its sound. 
D) performing normally on standard measures of intelligence.

Question 8

In a classic study of how inferences are processed in text comprehension,Kintsch (1974)presented one group of participants with two sentences that explicitly stated some fact.Another group received two sentences that only implied that fact.Kintsch was interested in how readily participants inferred the fact in question,and whether this inference became part of the text representation.He tested this by asking participants to verify sentences that included the target fact,either immediately after reading or after a delay.His findings indicated

Accepted Answer

A) verification times were equally fast for implied and explicit facts,but only after a delay. 
B) verification times were equally fast for implied and explicit facts immediately and after a delay. 
C) verification times were faster for explicitly presented facts than for implied facts,but only after a delay. 
D) verification times were faster for explicitly presented facts than for implied facts immediately and after a delay. 
A) verification times were equally fast for implied and explicit facts,but only after a delay. 
B) verification times were equally fast for implied and explicit facts immediately and after a delay. 
C) verification times were faster for explicitly presented facts than for implied facts,but only after a delay. 
D) verification times were faster for explicitly presented facts than for implied facts immediately and after a delay.

Question 9

Bai,Yan,Zang,Liversedge,and Rayner (2008)investigated word/character recognition in written Chinese.Their major question was whether characters or words would prove to be the fundamental unit of processing in reading Chinese.Their results indicated that

Accepted Answer

A) spacing out the characters more than usual enhanced performance. 
B) word spacing led to better reading performance than the spacing typically used in written Chinese. 
C) word spacing led to poorer performance than the spacing typically used in written Chinese. 
D) word spacing led to equal performance,relative to the spacing typically used in written Chinese. 
A) spacing out the characters more than usual enhanced performance. 
B) word spacing led to better reading performance than the spacing typically used in written Chinese. 
C) word spacing led to poorer performance than the spacing typically used in written Chinese. 
D) word spacing led to equal performance,relative to the spacing typically used in written Chinese.

Question 10

What is not a reason for a blank space between words?

Accepted Answer

A) Increase fixations 
B) Easier to see 
C) Lengths of upcoming words 
D) Indicate end of a word 
A) Increase fixations 
B) Easier to see 
C) Lengths of upcoming words 
D) Indicate end of a word

Question 11

According to Gernsbacher's (1989)structure-building framework,encountering a phrase like "The next day..." would likely trigger the process known as

Accepted Answer

A) laying a foundation. 
B) mapping. 
C) shifting. 
D) enhancement. 
A) laying a foundation. 
B) mapping. 
C) shifting. 
D) enhancement.

Question 12

The difficulty in processing garden-path sentences

Accepted Answer

A) confirms that the default structure in English syntax tends to be subject-object-verb. 
B) is evidence against the garden-path approach. 
C) is evident in reading times,but not in eye movements. 
D) applies to blind readers of Braille. 
A) confirms that the default structure in English syntax tends to be subject-object-verb. 
B) is evidence against the garden-path approach. 
C) is evident in reading times,but not in eye movements. 
D) applies to blind readers of Braille.

Question 13

Which is an example of orthography?

Accepted Answer

A) Pls brg it next wk 
B) CU L8er 
C) LOL 
D) Are you there 
A) Pls brg it next wk 
B) CU L8er 
C) LOL 
D) Are you there

Question 14

Which of these is a garden-path sentence?

Accepted Answer

A) They are cooking rocks. 
B) The horse raced past the barn fell. 
C) John went to the grocery store and bought a car. 
D) Susan walked up the garden path. 
A) They are cooking rocks. 
B) The horse raced past the barn fell. 
C) John went to the grocery store and bought a car. 
D) Susan walked up the garden path.

Question 15

Consecutive fixations at the same spot are called

Accepted Answer

A) gazes. 
B) fixtures. 
C) function. 
D) skipping. 
A) gazes. 
B) fixtures. 
C) function. 
D) skipping.

Question 16

During saccades,our eyes take in very little visual information,known as saccade

Accepted Answer

A) suppression. 
B) syntax. 
C) fixture. 
D) coding. 
A) suppression. 
B) syntax. 
C) fixture. 
D) coding.

Question 17

Which of these is not one of the levels of discourse representation?

Accepted Answer

A) Situation model 
B) Surface code 
C) Text base 
D) Analog code 
A) Situation model 
B) Surface code 
C) Text base 
D) Analog code

Question 18

The garden-path approach assumes that we implicitly follow two assumptions in comprehending a sentence.One,called ________,means that we assume the syntax of a sentence is as simple as possible.The other,called ________,means we try to place the word currently being encountered into the phrase currently being constructed.

Accepted Answer

A) minimal attachment;late closure 
B) late closure;minimal attachment 
C) garden pathing;parsing 
D) parsing;garden pathing 
A) minimal attachment;late closure 
B) late closure;minimal attachment 
C) garden pathing;parsing 
D) parsing;garden pathing

Question 19

Metacomprehension refers to our ______ and can be improved by

Accepted Answer

A) knowledge of how well we've comprehended text;rereading the text. 
B) knowledge of how well we've comprehended text;performing a concurrent task while reading. 
C) working memory capacity for text;rereading the text. 
D) working memory capacity for text;our knowledge of how well we've comprehended text. 
A) knowledge of how well we've comprehended text;rereading the text. 
B) knowledge of how well we've comprehended text;performing a concurrent task while reading. 
C) working memory capacity for text;rereading the text. 
D) working memory capacity for text;our knowledge of how well we've comprehended text.

Question 20

Regressive saccades

Accepted Answer

A) only occur in poor readers. 
B) constitute about half of all saccades. 
C) are symptomatic of reading difficulties,but aren't the cause. 
D) have the same characteristics in good and poor readers;poor readers just have more of them. 
A) only occur in poor readers. 
B) constitute about half of all saccades. 
C) are symptomatic of reading difficulties,but aren't the cause. 
D) have the same characteristics in good and poor readers;poor readers just have more of them.

Word fixations typically last around

Research on speed reading indicates that

Ditman,Brunyé,Mahoney,and Taylor (2009)investigated the role of embodiment in text comprehension by varying the pronoun used to describe a three-sentence piece of discourse that described an activity.Comprehension was best when the pronoun subjects were reading was

Saccades are to fixations as ________ is to

________ pioneering research on memory was also critical to research on text memory and comprehension.

Dyslexics have particular trouble

Bai,Yan,Zang,Liversedge,and Rayner (2008)investigated word/character recognition in written Chinese.Their major question was whether characters or words would prove to be the fundamental unit of processing in reading Chinese.Their results indicated that

What is not a reason for a blank space between words?

According to Gernsbacher's (1989)structure-building framework,encountering a phrase like "The next day..." would likely trigger the process known as

The difficulty in processing garden-path sentences

Which is an example of orthography?

Which of these is a garden-path sentence?

Consecutive fixations at the same spot are called

During saccades,our eyes take in very little visual information,known as saccade

Which of these is not one of the levels of discourse representation?

Metacomprehension refers to our ______ and can be improved by

Regressive saccades

Cognition As the Study of Information Processing

Perception and Consciousness

Mechanisms of Attention

Immediate Memory

Concepts and Categories of Object Recognition

Basic Processes in Long-Term Memory

The Reconstructive Nature of Memory

Autobiographical Memory

Basic Issues in Languageand Speech Processing

Judgments and Decisions

Problem Solving

Filters

Exam 10: Reading and Comprehending Text

Word fixations typically last around

Research on speed reading indicates that

Ditman,Brunyé,Mahoney,and Taylor (2009)investigated the role of embodiment in text comprehension by varying the pronoun used to describe a three-sentence piece of discourse that described an activity.Comprehension was best when the pronoun subjects were reading was

Saccades are to fixations as ________ is to

________ pioneering research on memory was also critical to research on text memory and comprehension.

Dyslexics have particular trouble

Bai,Yan,Zang,Liversedge,and Rayner (2008)investigated word/character recognition in written Chinese.Their major question was whether characters or words would prove to be the fundamental unit of processing in reading Chinese.Their results indicated that

What is not a reason for a blank space between words?

According to Gernsbacher's (1989)structure-building framework,encountering a phrase like "The next day..." would likely trigger the process known as

The difficulty in processing garden-path sentences

Which is an example of orthography?

Which of these is a garden-path sentence?

Consecutive fixations at the same spot are called

During saccades,our eyes take in very little visual information,known as saccade

Which of these is not one of the levels of discourse representation?

Metacomprehension refers to our ______ and can be improved by

Regressive saccades

Cognition As the Study of Information Processing

Perception and Consciousness

Mechanisms of Attention

Immediate Memory

Concepts and Categories of Object Recognition

Basic Processes in Long-Term Memory

The Reconstructive Nature of Memory

Autobiographical Memory

Basic Issues in Languageand Speech Processing

Judgments and Decisions

Problem Solving

Filters