Exam 5: The Self: Understanding Ourselves in a Social Context

Consider the following self-description: "It's important to me to make others happy.I work hard to cooperate with others,and seldom get into arguments.My friends are more important to me than my professional success." A(n) ____ is most likely to have provided such a self-description.

Where do many causal theories such as "Absence makes the heart grow fonder" come from?

When asked to finish a sentence beginning "I am...," respondents from Asian countries are more likely to mention ____,because they grew up in a(n) ____ culture.

Simone runs simply because it gives her pleasure to exercise outside and to leave her daily worries behind as she works up a sweat.In this instance,Simone is ____ to run.

Complete the analogy: task-contingent rewards: ____ :: performance-contingent rewards: ____.

Molly is eighteen years old,and has an eight-year-old brother,Joe.If they are both asked to answer the question,"Who am I?" Molly is likely to answer the question in ____ terms than Joe.

When looking at cross-cultural comparisons of the use of self-enhancement strategies,

In China and Japan,parents tend to praise children ____ than they do in the U.S.because ____ .

According to studies discussed in the text,one consequence of analyzing or generating reasons for their attitudes is that people will

In evaluating programs like Earning by Learning,in which children are offered rewards (e.g.,money,pizza)for reading books,a social psychologist might remind us that

Which person would have the most difficulty exerting self-control?

Assume that when exposed to a mirror,chimpanzees will use the mirror to aid in grooming (e.g.,to pick food from their teeth)and to entertain themselves by making faces.The chimps' behavior before the mirror would suggest that

In order to gauge whether he had studied long enough for his psychology exam,Markus texted two of his classmates to ask them how long they had spent reviewing material.Markus is engaging in

While riding a harrowing roller coaster,Jim notices that the person sitting next to him is extremely attractive and he resolves to get her phone number when the ride is over.Jim is probably doing this because he is

Josie has just been diagnosed with cancer.According to the information presented in your text,first state what upward social comparisons and downward social comparisons are,then explain what Josie would gain by making an upward and a downward social comparison.

Recall that Donald Dutton and Art Aron (1974)had an attractive confederate approach men either on a high,narrow,swaying suspension bridge,or else on the other side of the bridge where they were sitting.More men called the woman after she approached them on the scary bridge.Why?

When people make an upward social comparison,they are comparing themselves to

Because they convey information to people that they are good at an activity, ____ are not likely to reduce intrinsic interest in that activity.

Attempting to get others to see you as you want to be seen is the definition of

The authors of your text suggest that East Asians tend to have their self-awareness less influenced by the presence of mirrors or video cameras than Westerners because