Question 1

Which person is not making a downward social comparison?

Accepted Answer

A) Alan,who lost one leg in an accident,comparing himself to the driver,who was killed 
B) David,who loses his job.but gets a severance package with six months' salary,comparing himself to a colleague at another company who lost his job.and received three months' severance 
C) Steven,who compares his driving skills today with those that he had when he was in high school 
D) Marty,who compares his coordination after contracting multiple sclerosis with that which he had before the disease 
A) Alan,who lost one leg in an accident,comparing himself to the driver,who was killed 
B) David,who loses his job.but gets a severance package with six months' salary,comparing himself to a colleague at another company who lost his job.and received three months' severance 
C) Steven,who compares his driving skills today with those that he had when he was in high school 
D) Marty,who compares his coordination after contracting multiple sclerosis with that which he had before the disease

Question 2

A fixed mindset is the idea that abilities are

Accepted Answer

A) malleable. 
B) unchangeable. 
C) both genetic and environmental. 
D) learned. 
A) malleable. 
B) unchangeable. 
C) both genetic and environmental. 
D) learned.

Question 3

When people in Western culture learn about the interdependent view of the self and people in Asian cultures learn of the independent view of the self,what is the typical reaction?

Accepted Answer

A) "Of course,they are so similar,it's easy to understand." 
B) Many decide to change their view of self and "convert" to the view held by the other culture. 
C) Many wish to promote a vision of a unified intradependent view of the self. 
D) Many have difficulty understanding how the others could view the world in such a way. 
A) "Of course,they are so similar,it's easy to understand." 
B) Many decide to change their view of self and "convert" to the view held by the other culture. 
C) Many wish to promote a vision of a unified intradependent view of the self. 
D) Many have difficulty understanding how the others could view the world in such a way.

Question 4

In a study conducted by Heine and his colleagues (2008)in which participants completed questions about actual/ideal self discrepancies, ____ reported similar levels of discrepancy regardless of whether they were in front of a mirror or not.

Accepted Answer

A) Westerners 
B) East Asians 
C) men 
D) women 
A) Westerners 
B) East Asians 
C) men 
D) women

Question 5

Earl wants to understand his self-concept better,so he sits quietly by himself and thinks about who he is and what his values and attitudes are.What is Earl engaging in?

Accepted Answer

A) self-awareness 
B) self-conceptualization 
C) introspection 
D) meditation 
A) self-awareness 
B) self-conceptualization 
C) introspection 
D) meditation

Question 6

Being rewarded for completing a task,no matter how well (or poorly)it is done,is the best definition of

Accepted Answer

A) reinforcement. 
B) task-contingent rewards. 
C) intrinsic motivation. 
D) performance-contingent rewards. 
A) reinforcement. 
B) task-contingent rewards. 
C) intrinsic motivation. 
D) performance-contingent rewards.

Question 7

In order to preserve intrinsic motivation and be effective,which is the best strategy for a parent to use when praising a child? Praise the child's

Accepted Answer

A) effort. 
B) right answer no matter what. 
C) increase in competence through hard work. 
D) increase in intelligence through ability. 
A) effort. 
B) right answer no matter what. 
C) increase in competence through hard work. 
D) increase in intelligence through ability.

Question 8

According to research by Dweck,a ____ is more likely to promote success both athletically and academically.

Accepted Answer

A) positive mental attitude 
B) strong social support network 
C) fixed mindset 
D) growth mindset 
A) positive mental attitude 
B) strong social support network 
C) fixed mindset 
D) growth mindset

Question 9

One of the chief executive functions of the ____ is making choices about what to do.

Accepted Answer

A) ego 
B) cortex 
C) self 
D) superego 
A) ego 
B) cortex 
C) self 
D) superego

Question 10

Many social psychologists assert that much of our sense of self arises from our interactions with or observations of others: in effect,that the self is social.How does Leon Festinger's social comparison theory fit this conceptualization self?

Accepted Answer

Social comparison theory posits that we

Question 11

It's Halloween,but you don't want to be running back and forth to answer the door.To avoid any "tricks," you decide to leave a large container of candy on the porch.You've just read about self-awareness theory,and you have a hunch about how to keep greedy trick-or-treaters from taking more than their fair share of the candy.You decide to

Accepted Answer

A) install a one-way mirror to catch and punish offenders,and to make an example of them. 
B) place a large mirror behind the candy,so that children can see themselves as they approach. 
C) set up a tape-recorder that plays songs about cooperation and giving. 
D) place a picture of the Wicked Witch of the West behind the candy to warn them of what will happen if they take too much. 
A) install a one-way mirror to catch and punish offenders,and to make an example of them. 
B) place a large mirror behind the candy,so that children can see themselves as they approach. 
C) set up a tape-recorder that plays songs about cooperation and giving. 
D) place a picture of the Wicked Witch of the West behind the candy to warn them of what will happen if they take too much.

Question 12

People engage in self-handicapping strategies in order to avoid

Accepted Answer

A) failure. 
B) an internal attribution for failure. 
C) an external attribution for failure. 
D) a misattribution of failure. 
A) failure. 
B) an internal attribution for failure. 
C) an external attribution for failure. 
D) a misattribution of failure.

Question 13

Suppose that Lauren has always wanted to go out with Sam.She calls him up and asks him to go to a movie with her,and he accepts enthusiastically.Under which of the following conditions will she experience the most joy?

Accepted Answer

A) She has just walked in the door after going for a long run,and knows that she is still aroused from the exercise. 
B) She had taken some allergy medicine that,unknown to her,causes mild arousal. 
C) She had taken some allergy medicine that she knows causes mild arousal. 
D) She had taken some allergy medicine that,unknown to her,causes relaxation and sleepiness. 
A) She has just walked in the door after going for a long run,and knows that she is still aroused from the exercise. 
B) She had taken some allergy medicine that,unknown to her,causes mild arousal. 
C) She had taken some allergy medicine that she knows causes mild arousal. 
D) She had taken some allergy medicine that,unknown to her,causes relaxation and sleepiness.

Question 14

Gordon Gallup (1977)briefly anesthetized chimpanzees and painted an odorless red dye on their heads.When they awoke and looked in the mirror,the chimps immediately reached to touch their brows and ears where the dye was.These findings suggest that chimps

Accepted Answer

A) develop a sense of self-recognition comparable to that of two-year-old humans. 
B) have a complex,multifaceted sense of self. 
C) are capable of developing a sense of self-esteem. 
D) possess a self-concept much like a human's. 
A) develop a sense of self-recognition comparable to that of two-year-old humans. 
B) have a complex,multifaceted sense of self. 
C) are capable of developing a sense of self-esteem. 
D) possess a self-concept much like a human's.

Question 15

Barbara replies to her therapist: "How do I see myself? Well,I'm socially anxious,insecure,relatively intelligent,and terribly shy." Barbara's response reflects her

Accepted Answer

A) self-concept. 
B) stream of consciousness. 
C) self-esteem. 
D) looking-glass self. 
A) self-concept. 
B) stream of consciousness. 
C) self-esteem. 
D) looking-glass self.

Question 16

The self-concept refers to the

Accepted Answer

A) content of the self. 
B) act of thinking about ourselves. 
C) tendency for people to remember information about themselves better than about others. 
D) evaluation of one's personal worth. 
A) content of the self. 
B) act of thinking about ourselves. 
C) tendency for people to remember information about themselves better than about others. 
D) evaluation of one's personal worth.

Question 17

According to the idea of "telling more than we can know" by Nisbett,Ross,and Wilson,one reason that introspection is sometimes not an accurate way to learn about oneself is

Accepted Answer

A) people have to be extremely self-aware to learn anything about themselves. 
B) people must rely on controlled processes to effectively introspect. 
C) mental processes are not observable,and therefore do not actually exist. 
D) many of our mental processes occur outside our awareness. 
A) people have to be extremely self-aware to learn anything about themselves. 
B) people must rely on controlled processes to effectively introspect. 
C) mental processes are not observable,and therefore do not actually exist. 
D) many of our mental processes occur outside our awareness.

Question 18

The psychological differences between men and women can be characterized as

Accepted Answer

A) small-their similarities outweigh differences. 
B) unpredictable-in some ways,men are from Mars and women are from Venus.In other ways,they are exactly the same. 
C) nonexistent-there are no such things as gender differences. 
D) large-differences outweigh similarities. 
A) small-their similarities outweigh differences. 
B) unpredictable-in some ways,men are from Mars and women are from Venus.In other ways,they are exactly the same. 
C) nonexistent-there are no such things as gender differences. 
D) large-differences outweigh similarities.

Question 19

Based on the information in your text about intrinsic motivation,who would be most likely to lose their enthusiasm for reading if a "Read for Cash" program were implemented in their school?

Accepted Answer

A) Someone who does not like to read very much on his or her own 
B) Boys would be more likely than girls to lose their motivation. 
C) good students 
D) children who enjoy reading to begin with 
A) Someone who does not like to read very much on his or her own 
B) Boys would be more likely than girls to lose their motivation. 
C) good students 
D) children who enjoy reading to begin with

Question 20

In giving praise,parents should try to avoid ____ if they want to enhance their child's intrinsic motivation for the task.

Accepted Answer

A) conveying the message that there is a fixed amount of ability that one either has or doesn't have 
B) making the child feel competent in the area 
C) making the child feel as though the task required hard work 
D) conveying the message that the task was one that the child chose to do on his or her own initiative 
A) conveying the message that there is a fixed amount of ability that one either has or doesn't have 
B) making the child feel competent in the area 
C) making the child feel as though the task required hard work 
D) conveying the message that the task was one that the child chose to do on his or her own initiative

Which person is not making a downward social comparison?

A fixed mindset is the idea that abilities are

When people in Western culture learn about the interdependent view of the self and people in Asian cultures learn of the independent view of the self,what is the typical reaction?

In a study conducted by Heine and his colleagues (2008)in which participants completed questions about actual/ideal self discrepancies, ____ reported similar levels of discrepancy regardless of whether they were in front of a mirror or not.

Earl wants to understand his self-concept better,so he sits quietly by himself and thinks about who he is and what his values and attitudes are.What is Earl engaging in?

Being rewarded for completing a task,no matter how well (or poorly)it is done,is the best definition of

In order to preserve intrinsic motivation and be effective,which is the best strategy for a parent to use when praising a child? Praise the child's

According to research by Dweck,a ____ is more likely to promote success both athletically and academically.

One of the chief executive functions of the ____ is making choices about what to do.

Many social psychologists assert that much of our sense of self arises from our interactions with or observations of others: in effect,that the self is social.How does Leon Festinger's social comparison theory fit this conceptualization self?

People engage in self-handicapping strategies in order to avoid

Suppose that Lauren has always wanted to go out with Sam.She calls him up and asks him to go to a movie with her,and he accepts enthusiastically.Under which of the following conditions will she experience the most joy?

Gordon Gallup (1977)briefly anesthetized chimpanzees and painted an odorless red dye on their heads.When they awoke and looked in the mirror,the chimps immediately reached to touch their brows and ears where the dye was.These findings suggest that chimps

Barbara replies to her therapist: "How do I see myself? Well,I'm socially anxious,insecure,relatively intelligent,and terribly shy." Barbara's response reflects her

The self-concept refers to the

According to the idea of "telling more than we can know" by Nisbett,Ross,and Wilson,one reason that introspection is sometimes not an accurate way to learn about oneself is

The psychological differences between men and women can be characterized as

Based on the information in your text about intrinsic motivation,who would be most likely to lose their enthusiasm for reading if a "Read for Cash" program were implemented in their school?

In giving praise,parents should try to avoid ____ if they want to enhance their child's intrinsic motivation for the task.

Introducing Social Psychology

Methodology: How Social Psychologists Do Research

Social Cognition: How We Think About the Social World

Social Perception: How We Come to Understand Other People

The Need to Justify Our Actions: the Costs and Benefits of Dissonance Reduction

Attitudes and Attitude Change: Influencing Thoughts and Feelings

Conformity: Influencing Behavior

Group Processes: Influence in Social Groups

Interpersonal Attraction: From First Impressions to Close Relationships

Prosocial Behavior: Why Do People Help

Aggression: Why Do We Hurt Other People

Prejudice: Causes and Cures

Filters

Exam 5: The Self: Understanding Ourselves in a Social Context

Which person is not making a downward social comparison?

A fixed mindset is the idea that abilities are

When people in Western culture learn about the interdependent view of the self and people in Asian cultures learn of the independent view of the self,what is the typical reaction?

In a study conducted by Heine and his colleagues (2008)in which participants completed questions about actual/ideal self discrepancies, ____ reported similar levels of discrepancy regardless of whether they were in front of a mirror or not.

Earl wants to understand his self-concept better,so he sits quietly by himself and thinks about who he is and what his values and attitudes are.What is Earl engaging in?

Being rewarded for completing a task,no matter how well (or poorly)it is done,is the best definition of

In order to preserve intrinsic motivation and be effective,which is the best strategy for a parent to use when praising a child? Praise the child's

According to research by Dweck,a ____ is more likely to promote success both athletically and academically.

One of the chief executive functions of the ____ is making choices about what to do.

Many social psychologists assert that much of our sense of self arises from our interactions with or observations of others: in effect,that the self is social.How does Leon Festinger's social comparison theory fit this conceptualization self?

People engage in self-handicapping strategies in order to avoid

Suppose that Lauren has always wanted to go out with Sam.She calls him up and asks him to go to a movie with her,and he accepts enthusiastically.Under which of the following conditions will she experience the most joy?

Gordon Gallup (1977)briefly anesthetized chimpanzees and painted an odorless red dye on their heads.When they awoke and looked in the mirror,the chimps immediately reached to touch their brows and ears where the dye was.These findings suggest that chimps

Barbara replies to her therapist: "How do I see myself? Well,I'm socially anxious,insecure,relatively intelligent,and terribly shy." Barbara's response reflects her

The self-concept refers to the

According to the idea of "telling more than we can know" by Nisbett,Ross,and Wilson,one reason that introspection is sometimes not an accurate way to learn about oneself is

The psychological differences between men and women can be characterized as

Based on the information in your text about intrinsic motivation,who would be most likely to lose their enthusiasm for reading if a "Read for Cash" program were implemented in their school?

In giving praise,parents should try to avoid ____ if they want to enhance their child's intrinsic motivation for the task.

Introducing Social Psychology

Methodology: How Social Psychologists Do Research

Social Cognition: How We Think About the Social World

Social Perception: How We Come to Understand Other People

The Need to Justify Our Actions: the Costs and Benefits of Dissonance Reduction

Attitudes and Attitude Change: Influencing Thoughts and Feelings

Conformity: Influencing Behavior

Group Processes: Influence in Social Groups

Interpersonal Attraction: From First Impressions to Close Relationships

Prosocial Behavior: Why Do People Help

Aggression: Why Do We Hurt Other People

Prejudice: Causes and Cures

Filters