Exam 6: The First Two Years: Cognitive Development

The language acquisition device (LAD) was proposed by Chomsky to explain _____.

Infants in the sensorimotor stage _____.

Bentley, age 20 months, observes his mom hitting her foot on the ottoman in the living room. She then hops around holding her foot. Two weeks later, Bentley runs into his toy box, hops around, and holds his foot like his mother did. Bentley's behavior illustrates Piaget's concept of "______ imitation."

According to Piaget, the first stage of cognitive development is the _____ period, which lasts from birth until about age 2.

According to Skinner, a grandfather who smiles whenever the baby says "pa-pa" is providing reinforcement for talking.

Eighteen-month-old babies display object permanence, but they also display the A-not-B error.

The statement "Multiple attentional, social, and linguistic cues contribute to early language learning" supports the _____ theory of language learning.

The initials LAD stand for "_____," Chomsky's term for a hypothesized mental structure that enables humans to learn language, including the basic aspects of grammar, vocabulary, and intonation.

Janie is a 3-month-old infant participating in an experiment. She's lying in her crib with one end of a ribbon tied to her foot and the other end tied to a mobile dangling over her crib. She quickly learns that she controls the movement of the mobile with her kicking. One week later, the researchers return, tie the ribbon to her foot and hang the mobile above her crib. Immediately, Janie starts vigorously kicking her leg. What does this experiment demonstrate?

Brodie just started saying single words such as "mama" and "doggie." About how old is Brodie likely to be? ____

A visual cliff is used to assess infants' _____.

Janice's mother often lets her 6-month-old baby watch Baby Einstein videos. According to research on language and video exposure, what is Janice likely learning from this program?

Becky is a 4-month-old infant whose mother uses a high-pitched voice, simple words or phrases, and lots of repetition when she speaks. Becky delights in her mother's use of _____.

Harris is a 3-week-old newborn. A test of habituation reveals that he prefers listening to his mother's language over any other language. What is the best explanation for this? Harris _____.

Piaget believed children begin to develop cognitively at _____.

The environment offers many opportunities to interact with whatever is perceived. These opportunities are known as "_____."

Rosemary hides a rattle under a blanket to see if baby Chase will try lift the blanket and retrieve the rattle. Rosemary is assessing _____.

Baby Hugh enjoys playing with his dad's keys, but when his dad takes them away, Hugh does not search for them. Piaget would say that is because Hugh does not understand _____.

When does it first become obvious that a person has discerned the rules of his or her native language? ____

Geraldo loves to climb, and there are many opportunities for him to do so around his home: on the bookshelf in the living room, the decorative rocks in the front yard, and the ladder for the slide at the park. Each of these opportunities is _____ for climbing.