Question 1

Long-term potentiation:

Accepted Answer

A)  refers to the functional and structural changes in neurons that increase the strength of the synaptic connections involved in a particular memory. 
B)  is one of the primary causes of retrograde amnesia. 
C)  is a visualization technique used to recover long-term memories that are potentially repressed. 
D)  is one of the most effective forms of elaborative rehearsal. 
A)  refers to the functional and structural changes in neurons that increase the strength of the synaptic connections involved in a particular memory. 
B)  is one of the primary causes of retrograde amnesia. 
C)  is a visualization technique used to recover long-term memories that are potentially repressed. 
D)  is one of the most effective forms of elaborative rehearsal.

Question 2

The Focus on Neuroscience feature "Assembling Memories: Echoes and Reflections of Perception" describes a study in which participants memorized labels for common objects, such as "dog," that were paired with either a picture or a sound. When they retrieved the memory, participants who had memorized the word dog with the sound of a dog barking showed:

Accepted Answer

A)  a high level of activation in the visual cortex. 
B)  a low level of activation in the visual cortex. 
C)  a high level of activation in the auditory cortex. 
D)  a low level of activation in the auditory cortex. 
A)  a high level of activation in the visual cortex. 
B)  a low level of activation in the visual cortex. 
C)  a high level of activation in the auditory cortex. 
D)  a low level of activation in the auditory cortex.

Question 3

The prefrontal cortex:

Accepted Answer

A)  seems to encode emotional qualities associated with particular memories. 
B)  seems to play an important role in working memory. 
C)  encodes information about the location where a particular memory occurred. 
D)  plays a critical role in the ability to form memories of numerical concepts. 
A)  seems to encode emotional qualities associated with particular memories. 
B)  seems to play an important role in working memory. 
C)  encodes information about the location where a particular memory occurred. 
D)  plays a critical role in the ability to form memories of numerical concepts.

Question 4

The amygdala is involved in encoding the emotional qualities of memories.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Mike began studying for his exam the night before the test, reading his textbook chapter for the first time. Ebbinghaus would predict that:

Accepted Answer

A)  Mike would rapidly forget most of the material that he read. 
B)  Mike would remember most of the new material for several months, then rapidly forget most of it. 
C)  Mike would gradually forget the new material over a period of several months. 
D)  Mike's memory of the new material would remain remarkably stable for a lengthy period of time. 
A)  Mike would rapidly forget most of the material that he read. 
B)  Mike would remember most of the new material for several months, then rapidly forget most of it. 
C)  Mike would gradually forget the new material over a period of several months. 
D)  Mike's memory of the new material would remain remarkably stable for a lengthy period of time.

Question 6

According to Ebbinghaus's research:

Accepted Answer

A)  encoding failure is the chief cause of most forgetting. 
B)  all new information will eventually be forgotten. 
C)  the most rapid forgetting of new material occurs relatively soon after the material is originally learned. 
D)  memories are distributed throughout the brain. 
A)  encoding failure is the chief cause of most forgetting. 
B)  all new information will eventually be forgotten. 
C)  the most rapid forgetting of new material occurs relatively soon after the material is originally learned. 
D)  memories are distributed throughout the brain.

Question 7

In Qi Wang's study, characteristics of earliest autobiographical memories for Chinese and Taiwanese college students tended to reflect a relatively _____ relationship of the self to society.

Accepted Answer

A)  patriotic 
B)  individualistic 
C)  collectivistic 
D)  personalistic 
A)  patriotic 
B)  individualistic 
C)  collectivistic 
D)  personalistic

Question 8

Describe the different types of long-term memory, and give an example of each.

Accepted Answer

Long-term memory can be divided into two

Question 9

Backward-acting memory interference is called proactive interference.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

The Focus on Neuroscience feature "Assembling Memories: Echoes and Reflections of Perception" describes a study in which participants memorized labels for common objects, such as "dog," that were paired with either a picture or a sound. When participants were later asked to retrieve the memory:

Accepted Answer

A)  the presence of sensory stimuli, whether sounds or pictures, interfered with memory for the verbal labels, reducing the accuracy of recall. 
B)  participants who had memorized labels paired with pictures had more reliable recall than participants who had memorized labels paired with sounds. 
C)  participants who had memorized labels paired with sounds had more reliable recall than participants who had memorized labels paired with pictures. 
D)  retrieving the memory activated a subset of the same brain areas that were associated with the original perception of the material that was memorized. 
A)  the presence of sensory stimuli, whether sounds or pictures, interfered with memory for the verbal labels, reducing the accuracy of recall. 
B)  participants who had memorized labels paired with pictures had more reliable recall than participants who had memorized labels paired with sounds. 
C)  participants who had memorized labels paired with sounds had more reliable recall than participants who had memorized labels paired with pictures. 
D)  retrieving the memory activated a subset of the same brain areas that were associated with the original perception of the material that was memorized.

Question 11

The leader lines point to some of the key brain structures involved in memory. Identify the letter corresponding to the brain structure that was surgically removed in H.M.'s brain.

Accepted Answer

A)  prefrontal cortex 
B)  amygdala 
C)  hippocampus 
D)  cerebellum 
A)  prefrontal cortex 
B)  amygdala 
C)  hippocampus 
D)  cerebellum

Question 12

Research with the sea snail Aplysia has demonstrated that:

Accepted Answer

A)  the sea snail's nervous system is too primitive to form memories. 
B)  long-term potentiation is only possible in animals with more sophisticated and complex nervous systems. 
C)  forming a new memory involves changes in both the function and structure of neurons. 
D)  anterograde and retrograde amnesia involve fundamentally different neural circuits. 
A)  the sea snail's nervous system is too primitive to form memories. 
B)  long-term potentiation is only possible in animals with more sophisticated and complex nervous systems. 
C)  forming a new memory involves changes in both the function and structure of neurons. 
D)  anterograde and retrograde amnesia involve fundamentally different neural circuits.

Question 13

One important memory process is encoding, or the process of transforming information into a form that can be retained by the memory system.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Speculate about why the age of earliest autobiographical memories reported by European American college students tended to be earlier than those reported by Chinese and Taiwanese college students.

Accepted Answer

There could be several factors that cont

Question 15

In Qi Wang's study, Chinese and Taiwanese college students' earliest autobiographical memories were more likely than European American college students earliest autobiographical memories to include:

Accepted Answer

A)  other people. 
B)  animals. 
C)  the first use of language. 
D)  vivid detail. 
A)  other people. 
B)  animals. 
C)  the first use of language. 
D)  vivid detail.

Question 16

Rather than simply repeating key terms and concepts, Jeremy focused on the meaning of the information in the chapter and tried to generate examples of concepts from his own experiences. Jeremy used _____ to help encode information into his long-term memory.

Accepted Answer

A)  contextual cues 
B)  elaborative rehearsal 
C)  the serial position effect 
D)  maintenance rehearsal 
A)  contextual cues 
B)  elaborative rehearsal 
C)  the serial position effect 
D)  maintenance rehearsal

Question 17

Organizing items into related groups during recall from long-term memory is called clustering.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

If its amygdala is removed, a monkey:

Accepted Answer

A)  loses the ability to encode new long-term memories. 
B)  loses its fear of snakes and other natural predators. 
C)  has complete amnesia for previously learned classically conditioned responses. 
D)  shows the classic symptoms of Alzheimer's disease. 
A)  loses the ability to encode new long-term memories. 
B)  loses its fear of snakes and other natural predators. 
C)  has complete amnesia for previously learned classically conditioned responses. 
D)  shows the classic symptoms of Alzheimer's disease.

Question 19

Ever since the beginning of the school year, Jason has spent 30 minutes every afternoon drilling Joshua, his younger brother who is in the fourth grade, on basic multiplication and division problems. Three months later, Joshua responds almost instantly with the answer to basic multiplication and division problems. Considering what you've read in Chapter 6 on the biological basis of memory, which of the following has probably happened to Joshua?

Accepted Answer

A)  State-dependent retrieval has occurred. 
B)  Structural and functional changes have occurred in the specific neurons involved in his new memories. 
C)  The repeated practice sessions successfully blocked long-term potentiation and promoted memory consolidation of the new information. 
D)  Imagination inflation has reversed the course of normal forgetting. 
A)  State-dependent retrieval has occurred. 
B)  Structural and functional changes have occurred in the specific neurons involved in his new memories. 
C)  The repeated practice sessions successfully blocked long-term potentiation and promoted memory consolidation of the new information. 
D)  Imagination inflation has reversed the course of normal forgetting.

Question 20

Your general knowledge of words, facts, names, definitions, and other assorted trivia reflects:

Accepted Answer

A)  procedural memory. 
B)  spatial memory. 
C)  semantic memory. 
D)  episodic memory. 
A)  procedural memory. 
B)  spatial memory. 
C)  semantic memory. 
D)  episodic memory.

Long-term potentiation:

The prefrontal cortex:

The amygdala is involved in encoding the emotional qualities of memories.

Mike began studying for his exam the night before the test, reading his textbook chapter for the first time. Ebbinghaus would predict that:

According to Ebbinghaus's research:

In Qi Wang's study, characteristics of earliest autobiographical memories for Chinese and Taiwanese college students tended to reflect a relatively _____ relationship of the self to society.

Describe the different types of long-term memory, and give an example of each.

Backward-acting memory interference is called proactive interference.

The Focus on Neuroscience feature "Assembling Memories: Echoes and Reflections of Perception" describes a study in which participants memorized labels for common objects, such as "dog," that were paired with either a picture or a sound. When participants were later asked to retrieve the memory:

The leader lines point to some of the key brain structures involved in memory. Identify the letter corresponding to the brain structure that was surgically removed in H.M.'s brain.

Research with the sea snail Aplysia has demonstrated that:

One important memory process is encoding, or the process of transforming information into a form that can be retained by the memory system.

Speculate about why the age of earliest autobiographical memories reported by European American college students tended to be earlier than those reported by Chinese and Taiwanese college students.

In Qi Wang's study, Chinese and Taiwanese college students' earliest autobiographical memories were more likely than European American college students earliest autobiographical memories to include:

Rather than simply repeating key terms and concepts, Jeremy focused on the meaning of the information in the chapter and tried to generate examples of concepts from his own experiences. Jeremy used _____ to help encode information into his long-term memory.

Organizing items into related groups during recall from long-term memory is called clustering.

If its amygdala is removed, a monkey:

Your general knowledge of words, facts, names, definitions, and other assorted trivia reflects:

Introduction and Research Methods

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Exam 6: Memory

Long-term potentiation:

The prefrontal cortex:

The amygdala is involved in encoding the emotional qualities of memories.

Mike began studying for his exam the night before the test, reading his textbook chapter for the first time. Ebbinghaus would predict that:

According to Ebbinghaus's research:

In Qi Wang's study, characteristics of earliest autobiographical memories for Chinese and Taiwanese college students tended to reflect a relatively _____ relationship of the self to society.

Describe the different types of long-term memory, and give an example of each.

Backward-acting memory interference is called proactive interference.

The Focus on Neuroscience feature "Assembling Memories: Echoes and Reflections of Perception" describes a study in which participants memorized labels for common objects, such as "dog," that were paired with either a picture or a sound. When participants were later asked to retrieve the memory:

The leader lines point to some of the key brain structures involved in memory. Identify the letter corresponding to the brain structure that was surgically removed in H.M.'s brain.

Research with the sea snail Aplysia has demonstrated that:

One important memory process is encoding, or the process of transforming information into a form that can be retained by the memory system.

Speculate about why the age of earliest autobiographical memories reported by European American college students tended to be earlier than those reported by Chinese and Taiwanese college students.

In Qi Wang's study, Chinese and Taiwanese college students' earliest autobiographical memories were more likely than European American college students earliest autobiographical memories to include:

Rather than simply repeating key terms and concepts, Jeremy focused on the meaning of the information in the chapter and tried to generate examples of concepts from his own experiences. Jeremy used _____ to help encode information into his long-term memory.

Organizing items into related groups during recall from long-term memory is called clustering.

If its amygdala is removed, a monkey:

Your general knowledge of words, facts, names, definitions, and other assorted trivia reflects:

Introduction and Research Methods

Neuroscience and Behavior

Sensation and Perception

Consciousness and Its Variations

Learning

Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

Motivation and Emotion

Lifespan Development

Personality

Social Psychology

Stress, Health, and Coping

Psychological Disorders

Therapies

Filters