Question 1

There is no evidence for a specific memory function localized to one area of the brain.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Long-term memory storage capacity seems to be limitless.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Carlos and his roommate rearranged the kitchen, and now whenever Carlos reaches for the silverware, he keeps reaching for the drawer that used to contain the silverware. Carlos's failure to remember the new location of the silverware is probably due to:

Accepted Answer

A)  encoding failure. 
B)  retroactive interference. 
C)  the misinformation effect. 
D)  proactive interference. 
A)  encoding failure. 
B)  retroactive interference. 
C)  the misinformation effect. 
D)  proactive interference.

Question 4

Sigmund Freud believed that even though a person is not consciously aware of repressed memories, the memories can influence the person's behavior and personality.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

The idea of repression is a cornerstone of psychoanalysis, Sigmund Freud's famous theory of personality and psychotherapy. According to Freud, what gets repressed?

Accepted Answer

A)  memories of prenatal development and birth 
B)  memories of exciting childhood events, such as going to camp, horseback riding, skiing, swimming, and similar physiologically arousing activities 
C)  painful incidents or events that we deliberately and consciously try to forget 
D)  psychologically threatening feelings, emotions, conflicts, and urges, especially those from early childhood 
A)  memories of prenatal development and birth 
B)  memories of exciting childhood events, such as going to camp, horseback riding, skiing, swimming, and similar physiologically arousing activities 
C)  painful incidents or events that we deliberately and consciously try to forget 
D)  psychologically threatening feelings, emotions, conflicts, and urges, especially those from early childhood

Question 6

On September 12, 2001, psychologists Jennifer Talarico and David Rubin (2003) had Duke University students complete questionnaires about how they learned about the terrorist attacks against the United States the previous day. For comparison, students also described some ordinary event that had occurred in their lives at about the same time, such as going to a sporting event. Students were then randomly assigned to a follow-up session either 1 week, 6 weeks, or 32 weeks later. This research study was designed to:

Accepted Answer

A)  replicate Hermann Ebbinghaus's classic research on forgetting. 
B)  determine how rapidly memory consolidation occurs for emotionally charged events versus ordinary, everyday events. 
C)  determine if there are cross-cultural differences in the memory of national events versus ordinary events. 
D)  investigate whether flashbulb memories are more likely than ordinary memories to be accurate and consistent over time. 
A)  replicate Hermann Ebbinghaus's classic research on forgetting. 
B)  determine how rapidly memory consolidation occurs for emotionally charged events versus ordinary, everyday events. 
C)  determine if there are cross-cultural differences in the memory of national events versus ordinary events. 
D)  investigate whether flashbulb memories are more likely than ordinary memories to be accurate and consistent over time.

Question 7

Applying information to yourself, the self-reference effect, improves your memory for information.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

At an auto parts store, Adam looked up the oil filter number in the parts catalog. Adam mentally repeated the number, PF3807A, as he searched the shelves for the correct oil filter for his car. Adam was using _____ to keep the information in his short-term memory.

Accepted Answer

A)  maintenance rehearsal 
B)  elaborative rehearsal 
C)  distributed practice 
D)  source monitoring 
A)  maintenance rehearsal 
B)  elaborative rehearsal 
C)  distributed practice 
D)  source monitoring

Question 9

Mason was absolutely certain that he knew the name of the actress who played the character of Monica on the popular television series Friends, but he could not think of her name. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)  prospective memory. 
B)  source amnesia. 
C)  a tip-of-the-tongue experience. 
D)  the misinformation effect. 
A)  prospective memory. 
B)  source amnesia. 
C)  a tip-of-the-tongue experience. 
D)  the misinformation effect.

Question 10

Although she had not made one in years, Evelyn carefully folded a piece of paper to make a paper airplane for her grandson. Evelyn's ability to perform this task is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)  semantic memory. 
B)  procedural memory. 
C)  episodic memory. 
D)  prospective memory. 
A)  semantic memory. 
B)  procedural memory. 
C)  episodic memory. 
D)  prospective memory.

Question 11

The critical factor in the context effect is the influence of:

Accepted Answer

A)  distributed memory traces. 
B)  imagination inflation. 
C)  external environmental cues. 
D)  schemas versus scripts. 
A)  distributed memory traces. 
B)  imagination inflation. 
C)  external environmental cues. 
D)  schemas versus scripts.

Question 12

David was half-listening to Maria's long-winded story as he reached down to close the oven door. Suddenly he had the eerie feeling that he had experienced the same moment once before-a classic déjà vu experience. He told Maria, who said, "I just learned about déjà vu experiences in my psychology class. Sometimes it happens because you're not really paying attention to your surroundings, and then when you do focus your attention, it feels strangely familiar." Maria was using the _____ explanation to account for David's déjà vu experience.

Accepted Answer

A)  inattentional blindness 
B)  retrieval cue failure 
C)  imagination inflation 
D)  absentmindedness 
A)  inattentional blindness 
B)  retrieval cue failure 
C)  imagination inflation 
D)  absentmindedness

Question 13

A process called long-term potentiation strengthens the connections among neurons in a particular memory circuit, allowing them to communicate more easily.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Participants in Sperling's experiment stared at a screen on which three rows of letters were flashed for just one-twentieth of a second. If Sperling sounded a high-pitched, medium-pitched, or low-pitched tone within _____, the person could recall the letters in the upper, middle, or lower row.

Accepted Answer

A)  one minute 
B)  30 seconds 
C)  three seconds 
D)  one-third of a second 
A)  one minute 
B)  30 seconds 
C)  three seconds 
D)  one-third of a second

Question 15

With their two children tagging along behind them, Evan and Michelle walked through the castle gate into the main square of the Magic Kingdom at Disney World. That's when Michelle had a brief but intense déjà vu experience. "This is so strange," she said to Evan. "It's like I've experienced this moment before." What Michelle was not remembering was that she had experienced this moment before-in scenes on the Disney channel. This examples shows that a disruption in _____ is one way to explain many déjà vu experiences.

Accepted Answer

A)  prospective memory 
B)  echoic memory 
C)  source memory 
D)  iconic memory 
A)  prospective memory 
B)  echoic memory 
C)  source memory 
D)  iconic memory

Question 16

Spacing learning over multiple study sessions illustrates:

Accepted Answer

A)  massed practice. 
B)  distributed practice. 
C)  long-term potentiation. 
D)  short-term potentiation. 
A)  massed practice. 
B)  distributed practice. 
C)  long-term potentiation. 
D)  short-term potentiation.

Question 17

Not every researcher accepts that short-term memory is limited to exactly seven items, plus or minus two. Recent research suggests that the true "magical number" is more likely to be:

Accepted Answer

A)  four, plus or minus one. 
B)  10, plus or minus two. 
C)  no more than two items. 
D)  12, plus or minus three. 
A)  four, plus or minus one. 
B)  10, plus or minus two. 
C)  no more than two items. 
D)  12, plus or minus three.

Question 18

The Focus on Neuroscience feature "Assembling Memories: Echoes and Reflections of Perception" describes a study in which participants memorized labels for common objects, such as "dog," that were paired with either a picture or a sound. When they retrieved the memory, participants who had memorized the word dog with a picture of a dog showed:

Accepted Answer

A)  a high level of activation in the visual cortex. 
B)  a low level of activation in the visual cortex. 
C)  a high level of activation in the auditory cortex. 
D)  a low level of activation in the auditory cortex. 
A)  a high level of activation in the visual cortex. 
B)  a low level of activation in the visual cortex. 
C)  a high level of activation in the auditory cortex. 
D)  a low level of activation in the auditory cortex.

Question 19

Identify and describe at least two factors that seem to influence forgetting.

Accepted Answer

There are several factors that can influ

Question 20

In a study investigating the earliest memories of European American and Chinese and Taiwanese college students, psychologist Qi Wang found:

Accepted Answer

A)  no cultural differences in the earliest memories of either group. 
B)  that the earliest memories of the Chinese and Taiwanese college students tended to be longer, more self-focused, and more elaborate than those of the European American college students. 
C)  that the earliest memories of the European American college students tended to be longer, more self-focused, and more elaborate than those of the Chinese and Taiwanese college students. 
D)  that the European American students were more likely to develop false memories than the Chinese and Taiwanese students. 
A)  no cultural differences in the earliest memories of either group. 
B)  that the earliest memories of the Chinese and Taiwanese college students tended to be longer, more self-focused, and more elaborate than those of the European American college students. 
C)  that the earliest memories of the European American college students tended to be longer, more self-focused, and more elaborate than those of the Chinese and Taiwanese college students. 
D)  that the European American students were more likely to develop false memories than the Chinese and Taiwanese students.

There is no evidence for a specific memory function localized to one area of the brain.

Long-term memory storage capacity seems to be limitless.

Carlos and his roommate rearranged the kitchen, and now whenever Carlos reaches for the silverware, he keeps reaching for the drawer that used to contain the silverware. Carlos's failure to remember the new location of the silverware is probably due to:

Sigmund Freud believed that even though a person is not consciously aware of repressed memories, the memories can influence the person's behavior and personality.

The idea of repression is a cornerstone of psychoanalysis, Sigmund Freud's famous theory of personality and psychotherapy. According to Freud, what gets repressed?

Applying information to yourself, the self-reference effect, improves your memory for information.

At an auto parts store, Adam looked up the oil filter number in the parts catalog. Adam mentally repeated the number, PF3807A, as he searched the shelves for the correct oil filter for his car. Adam was using _____ to keep the information in his short-term memory.

Mason was absolutely certain that he knew the name of the actress who played the character of Monica on the popular television series Friends, but he could not think of her name. This is an example of:

Although she had not made one in years, Evelyn carefully folded a piece of paper to make a paper airplane for her grandson. Evelyn's ability to perform this task is an example of:

The critical factor in the context effect is the influence of:

A process called long-term potentiation strengthens the connections among neurons in a particular memory circuit, allowing them to communicate more easily.

Participants in Sperling's experiment stared at a screen on which three rows of letters were flashed for just one-twentieth of a second. If Sperling sounded a high-pitched, medium-pitched, or low-pitched tone within _____, the person could recall the letters in the upper, middle, or lower row.

Spacing learning over multiple study sessions illustrates:

Not every researcher accepts that short-term memory is limited to exactly seven items, plus or minus two. Recent research suggests that the true "magical number" is more likely to be:

Identify and describe at least two factors that seem to influence forgetting.

In a study investigating the earliest memories of European American and Chinese and Taiwanese college students, psychologist Qi Wang found:

Introduction and Research Methods

Neuroscience and Behavior

Sensation and Perception

Consciousness and Its Variations

Learning

Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

Motivation and Emotion

Lifespan Development

Personality

Social Psychology

Stress, Health, and Coping

Psychological Disorders

Therapies

Filters

Exam 6: Memory

There is no evidence for a specific memory function localized to one area of the brain.

Long-term memory storage capacity seems to be limitless.

Carlos and his roommate rearranged the kitchen, and now whenever Carlos reaches for the silverware, he keeps reaching for the drawer that used to contain the silverware. Carlos's failure to remember the new location of the silverware is probably due to:

Sigmund Freud believed that even though a person is not consciously aware of repressed memories, the memories can influence the person's behavior and personality.

The idea of repression is a cornerstone of psychoanalysis, Sigmund Freud's famous theory of personality and psychotherapy. According to Freud, what gets repressed?

Applying information to yourself, the self-reference effect, improves your memory for information.

At an auto parts store, Adam looked up the oil filter number in the parts catalog. Adam mentally repeated the number, PF3807A, as he searched the shelves for the correct oil filter for his car. Adam was using _____ to keep the information in his short-term memory.

Mason was absolutely certain that he knew the name of the actress who played the character of Monica on the popular television series Friends, but he could not think of her name. This is an example of:

Although she had not made one in years, Evelyn carefully folded a piece of paper to make a paper airplane for her grandson. Evelyn's ability to perform this task is an example of:

The critical factor in the context effect is the influence of:

A process called long-term potentiation strengthens the connections among neurons in a particular memory circuit, allowing them to communicate more easily.

Participants in Sperling's experiment stared at a screen on which three rows of letters were flashed for just one-twentieth of a second. If Sperling sounded a high-pitched, medium-pitched, or low-pitched tone within _____, the person could recall the letters in the upper, middle, or lower row.

Spacing learning over multiple study sessions illustrates:

Not every researcher accepts that short-term memory is limited to exactly seven items, plus or minus two. Recent research suggests that the true "magical number" is more likely to be:

Identify and describe at least two factors that seem to influence forgetting.

In a study investigating the earliest memories of European American and Chinese and Taiwanese college students, psychologist Qi Wang found:

Introduction and Research Methods

Neuroscience and Behavior

Sensation and Perception

Consciousness and Its Variations

Learning

Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

Motivation and Emotion

Lifespan Development

Personality

Social Psychology

Stress, Health, and Coping

Psychological Disorders

Therapies

Filters