Exam 7: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

Which of the following statements about creativity is FALSE?

Dr. Hiroshiko believes that a general factor (called the g factor) is responsible for overall performance on mental ability tests, and that it can be expressed as a single number, such as an IQ score. Dr. Hiroshiko's views are most consistent with those of:

As part of his homework assignment, Kenny memorized the names of all the planets in the solar system, learned the distance between the Earth and the Sun, decided what items he still needed to research in the library, and spent some time daydreaming about space travel. In the most general sense, Kenny was engaged in:

Arianna is perfectly fluent in English and French. Research has shown that such balanced proficiency in two languages

While evaluating evidence that seems to confirm a hoped-for finding, people may overlook flaws in the research or argument. This is an example of the wishful thinking bias.

Stereotype lift refers to the finding that awareness of positive expectations can actually improve performance.

Cross-cultural research has found that members of stigmatized groups in many societies tend to _____ on intelligence tests as/than members of dominant social groups, even if the stigmatized group members are of the same race as the dominant group.

Dr. Roberto investigates how the mental activities involved in acquiring, retaining, and using knowledge develop over the human lifespan. Dr. Roberto's area of research is:

Why can't heritability estimates be used to explain group differences in intelligence?

How do we use the availability heuristic and the representativeness heuristic to help estimate the probability of an event's occurring?

Research on bilingualism has shown that balanced proficiency in two languages may result in delayed language development, learning problems, and lower intelligence.

Describe the field of comparative cognition, and describe some important findings from this active area of psychological research.

Evidence for the importance of the environment in determining IQ scores derives from the improvement in average IQ scores that occurred in several cultures and countries during the past few generations. This phenomenon is called the Flynn effect.

Tom, whose story appears in the Chapter 7 Prologue, was diagnosed with Asperger's syndrome (now referred to as a mild form of autism spectrum disorder). Like many people, he can become frustrated when he is stuck on a problem. However, unlike other people, who recognize when it's time to switch to a new strategy or accept defeat and give up, Tom perseveres in trying to find the "right" solution, demonstrating _____, which are characteristics of autism spectrum disorder.

Generally, a test is considered reliable if it produces a normal distribution of scores and measures what it is intended to measure.

It is now known that environmental factors influence or regulate the activation of many of the genes that we inherited from our biological parents.

The new Aristographic Creativity Scale had test and retest scores that were highly similar, but it lacked predictive value. In addition, there was some uncertainty about precisely what ability the test was actually measuring. The Aristographic Creativity Scale has:

A natural concept is:

The confirmation bias is the tendency to search for information or evidence that confirms a belief, while making little or no effort to search for information that might disprove the belief.

In the second stage of the two-stage model of intuition, the integrative stage, hypotheses are formed.