Question 1

Greenhouse gases help keep the surface of the earth warm by absorbing _____ emitted by the _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  visible light, sun 
B)  ultraviolet radiation, earth 
C)  infrared radiation, sun 
D)  infrared radiation, earth 
E)  visible light, earth 
A)  visible light, sun 
B)  ultraviolet radiation, earth 
C)  infrared radiation, sun 
D)  infrared radiation, earth 
E)  visible light, earth D

Question 2

Concentrations of ozone in earth's atmosphere are highest in the

Accepted Answer

A)  troposphere. 
B)  stratosphere. 
C)  mesosphere. 
D)  thermosphere. 
E)  ozonosphere. 
A)  troposphere. 
B)  stratosphere. 
C)  mesosphere. 
D)  thermosphere. 
E)  ozonosphere. B

Question 3

The __________ is the layer of atmosphere which extends from the earth's surface to an altitude of 9 to 16 km.

Accepted Answer

A)  stratosphere 
B)  mesosphere 
C)  thermosphere 
D)  troposphere 
E)  ozonosphere 
A)  stratosphere 
B)  mesosphere 
C)  thermosphere 
D)  troposphere 
E)  ozonosphere D

Question 4

Which of the following make important contributions to nitrogen fixation by human activities?

Accepted Answer

A)  combustion of fossil fuels 
B)  industrial production of nitrogen fertilizers 
C)  use of crop rotation in agriculture 
D)  All of the choices are correct. 
E)  only industrial production of nitrogen fertilizers and use of crop rotation in agriculture 
A)  combustion of fossil fuels 
B)  industrial production of nitrogen fertilizers 
C)  use of crop rotation in agriculture 
D)  All of the choices are correct. 
E)  only industrial production of nitrogen fertilizers and use of crop rotation in agriculture

Question 5

Using the Boolean Logical Operator "or" will typically

Accepted Answer

A)  yield more references. 
B)  yield fewer references. 
C)  exclude certain types of references from your search. 
D)  locate references including a particular word or term with alternative endings. 
E)  None of the choices are correct. 
A)  yield more references. 
B)  yield fewer references. 
C)  exclude certain types of references from your search. 
D)  locate references including a particular word or term with alternative endings. 
E)  None of the choices are correct.

Question 6

Which of the following gases contribute to warming of the Earth's surface through the greenhouse effect?

Accepted Answer

A)  carbon dioxide 
B)  methane 
C)  water vapor 
D)  nitrous oxide 
E)  All of the choices are correct. 
A)  carbon dioxide 
B)  methane 
C)  water vapor 
D)  nitrous oxide 
E)  All of the choices are correct.

Question 7

Ozone plays an important role in shaping the environment for life on Earth because it

Accepted Answer

A)  absorbs visible radiation. 
B)  emits ultraviolet radiation. 
C)  absorbs ultraviolet radiation. 
D)  reflects visible radiation. 
E)  dissolves more readily than oxygen gas in seawater. 
A)  absorbs visible radiation. 
B)  emits ultraviolet radiation. 
C)  absorbs ultraviolet radiation. 
D)  reflects visible radiation. 
E)  dissolves more readily than oxygen gas in seawater.

Question 8

Ozone in the stratosphere is destroyed during breakdown of ________ molecules.

Accepted Answer

chlorofluo

Question 9

La Niña brings higher than average precipitation to

Accepted Answer

A)  North America. 
B)  South America. 
C)  Australia. 
D)  All of the choices are correct. 
E)  both North America and South America. 
A)  North America. 
B)  South America. 
C)  Australia. 
D)  All of the choices are correct. 
E)  both North America and South America.

Question 10

In the "U.S. LTER Network", LTER stands for ________.

Accepted Answer

Long Term

Question 11

During El Niño events, primary production by phytoplankton increases sharply in the Great Salt Lake of Utah. This is because

Accepted Answer

A)  water temperatures increase. 
B)  nutrient concentrations are increased as lake volume shrinks. 
C)  decreasing salinity allows invasion of predators that control brine shrimp populations. 
D)  decreasing salinity allows invasion of more phytoplankton species. 
E)  decreasing dissolved oxygen increases the efficiency of photosynthesis. 
A)  water temperatures increase. 
B)  nutrient concentrations are increased as lake volume shrinks. 
C)  decreasing salinity allows invasion of predators that control brine shrimp populations. 
D)  decreasing salinity allows invasion of more phytoplankton species. 
E)  decreasing dissolved oxygen increases the efficiency of photosynthesis.

Question 12

Strongly negative values of the Southern Oscillation Index are associated with La Niña events.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Which of the following statements does NOT apply to tropical forest edges?

Accepted Answer

A)  Trees grow more rapidly and survive better in edge habitat than in the forest interior. 
B)  Edge habitat is drier than the forest interior. 
C)  Edge habitat has higher solar radiation than the forest interior. 
D)  Edge habitat is hotter than the forest interior. 
E)  Forest fragmentation increases the ratio of edge habitat to forest interior. 
A)  Trees grow more rapidly and survive better in edge habitat than in the forest interior. 
B)  Edge habitat is drier than the forest interior. 
C)  Edge habitat has higher solar radiation than the forest interior. 
D)  Edge habitat is hotter than the forest interior. 
E)  Forest fragmentation increases the ratio of edge habitat to forest interior.

Question 14

Negative values on the Southern Oscillation Index indicate

Accepted Answer

A)  lower barometric pressure in the western Pacific Ocean. 
B)  lower barometric pressure in the eastern Pacific Ocean. 
C)  lower barometric pressure in the northern Pacific Ocean. 
D)  higher barometric pressure in the southern Pacific Ocean. 
E)  higher barometric pressure in the eastern Pacific Ocean. 
A)  lower barometric pressure in the western Pacific Ocean. 
B)  lower barometric pressure in the eastern Pacific Ocean. 
C)  lower barometric pressure in the northern Pacific Ocean. 
D)  higher barometric pressure in the southern Pacific Ocean. 
E)  higher barometric pressure in the eastern Pacific Ocean.

Question 15

Human release of CO2 into the atmosphere accelerated during World War I and World War II.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

El Niño events

Accepted Answer

A)  occur when the Southern Oscillation index is high. 
B)  occur when barometric pressure is lower in the western Pacific than in the eastern Pacific. 
C)  include the appearance of warm currents on the Pacific coast of South America. 
D)  are always accompanied by La Niña events at the same time. 
E)  are accompanied by westward movement of the location of storm generation in the Pacific. 
A)  occur when the Southern Oscillation index is high. 
B)  occur when barometric pressure is lower in the western Pacific than in the eastern Pacific. 
C)  include the appearance of warm currents on the Pacific coast of South America. 
D)  are always accompanied by La Niña events at the same time. 
E)  are accompanied by westward movement of the location of storm generation in the Pacific.

Question 17

Fur seals and sea lions in the Galápagos Islands experience population declines during El Niño events because

Accepted Answer

A)  their hibernation cues are disrupted by the unusual climate. 
B)  they are not capable of effective thermoregulation in the cooler waters around the islands. 
C)  the fish they feed upon move further offshore in search of warmer water. 
D)  the fish they feed upon move offshore and deeper in search of cooler water. 
E)  the fish they feed on are driven to local extinction. 
A)  their hibernation cues are disrupted by the unusual climate. 
B)  they are not capable of effective thermoregulation in the cooler waters around the islands. 
C)  the fish they feed upon move further offshore in search of warmer water. 
D)  the fish they feed upon move offshore and deeper in search of cooler water. 
E)  the fish they feed on are driven to local extinction.

Question 18

Nitrogen fixation due to human activities now exceeds total global fixation by all other biotic and abiotic agents.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

By measuring the CO2 concentration in the Vostok ice core, scientists were able to show that atmospheric CO2 concentrations fluctuated substantially over the last 160,000 years and periods of low atmospheric CO2 concentration correspond with

Accepted Answer

A)  warmer interglacial periods. 
B)  colder ice age periods. 
C)  years of above average precipitation. 
D)  years of below average precipitation. 
E)  both warmer interglacial periods and years of below average precipitation. 
A)  warmer interglacial periods. 
B)  colder ice age periods. 
C)  years of above average precipitation. 
D)  years of below average precipitation. 
E)  both warmer interglacial periods and years of below average precipitation.

Question 20

Episodes of lower sea surface temperatures and higher barometric pressure in the eastern tropical Pacific are known as La Niña events.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 23: Global Ecology

Greenhouse gases help keep the surface of the earth warm by absorbing _____ emitted by the _____.

Concentrations of ozone in earth's atmosphere are highest in the

The __________ is the layer of atmosphere which extends from the earth's surface to an altitude of 9 to 16 km.

Which of the following make important contributions to nitrogen fixation by human activities?

Using the Boolean Logical Operator "or" will typically

Which of the following gases contribute to warming of the Earth's surface through the greenhouse effect?

Ozone plays an important role in shaping the environment for life on Earth because it

Ozone in the stratosphere is destroyed during breakdown of ________ molecules.

La Niña brings higher than average precipitation to

In the "U.S. LTER Network", LTER stands for ________.

During El Niño events, primary production by phytoplankton increases sharply in the Great Salt Lake of Utah. This is because

Strongly negative values of the Southern Oscillation Index are associated with La Niña events.

Which of the following statements does NOT apply to tropical forest edges?

Negative values on the Southern Oscillation Index indicate

Human release of CO2 into the atmosphere accelerated during World War I and World War II.

El Niño events

Fur seals and sea lions in the Galápagos Islands experience population declines during El Niño events because

Nitrogen fixation due to human activities now exceeds total global fixation by all other biotic and abiotic agents.

By measuring the CO2 concentration in the Vostok ice core, scientists were able to show that atmospheric CO2 concentrations fluctuated substantially over the last 160,000 years and periods of low atmospheric CO2 concentration correspond with

Episodes of lower sea surface temperatures and higher barometric pressure in the eastern tropical Pacific are known as La Niña events.

Introduction to Ecology Historical Foundations and Developing Frontiers

Life on Land

Life in Water

Population Genetics and Natural Selection

Temperature Relations

Water Relations

Energy and Nutrient Relations

Socail Relations

Population Distribution and Abundance

Population Dynamics

Population Growth

Life Histories

Competition

Exploitative Interactions Predation, Herbivory, Parasitism, and Disease

Mutualism

Species Abundance and Diversity

Species Interactions and Community Structure

Primary Production and Energy Flow

Nutrient Cycling and Retention

Succession and Stability

Landscape Ecology

Geographic Ecology

Filters

Greenhouse gases help keep the surface of the earth warm by absorbing _ emitted by the _.

Human release of CO₂ into the atmosphere accelerated during World War I and World War II.

By measuring the CO₂ concentration in the Vostok ice core, scientists were able to show that atmospheric CO₂ concentrations fluctuated substantially over the last 160,000 years and periods of low atmospheric CO₂ concentration correspond with