Question 1

What is not included in the defining characteristics of eusociality?

Accepted Answer

A)  reproductive and non-reproductive castes 
B)  intrasexual selection of mates 
C)  multi-generational cohabitation 
D)  cooperative care of young 
E)  all are defining characteristics 
A)  reproductive and non-reproductive castes 
B)  intrasexual selection of mates 
C)  multi-generational cohabitation 
D)  cooperative care of young 
E)  all are defining characteristics B

Question 2

Diane Marshall's evidence for nonrandom mating by pollen donors came from variation among donors in

Accepted Answer

A)  percentage of seeds sired. 
B)  position of seeds sired. 
C)  weight of seeds sired. 
D)  All of the choices are correct. 
E)  both percentage of seeds sired and position of seeds sired. 
A)  percentage of seeds sired. 
B)  position of seeds sired. 
C)  weight of seeds sired. 
D)  All of the choices are correct. 
E)  both percentage of seeds sired and position of seeds sired. D

Question 3

Some species of animals can switch genders.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 4

Adult green woodhoopoes will stay close to their natal territories and help raise the young of close relatives, rather than dispersing to produce their own young, because

Accepted Answer

A)  the helpers increase their inclusive fitness. 
B)  high quality territories with suitable roosting cavities are limited. 
C)  the food supply varies year-to-year depending on the rainfall during the dry season. 
D)  both the helpers increase their inclusive fitness and high quality territories with suitable roosting cavities are limited. 
E)  both the helpers increase their inclusive fitness and the food supply varies year-to-year depending on the rainfall during the dry season. 
A)  the helpers increase their inclusive fitness. 
B)  high quality territories with suitable roosting cavities are limited. 
C)  the food supply varies year-to-year depending on the rainfall during the dry season. 
D)  both the helpers increase their inclusive fitness and high quality territories with suitable roosting cavities are limited. 
E)  both the helpers increase their inclusive fitness and the food supply varies year-to-year depending on the rainfall during the dry season.

Question 5

Fitness is defined as the

Accepted Answer

A)  health of an individual organism. 
B)  ability of an organism to adapt to new environmental situations. 
C)  quality of offspring produced. 
D)  number of genes contributed by an individual to the next generation. 
E)  All of the choices are correct. 
A)  health of an individual organism. 
B)  ability of an organism to adapt to new environmental situations. 
C)  quality of offspring produced. 
D)  number of genes contributed by an individual to the next generation. 
E)  All of the choices are correct.

Question 6

When investigating haplodiploidy, all of the following statements were found to be true except:

Accepted Answer

A)  siblings are more genetically related than an individual's own offspring. 
B)  males have one set of chromosomes. 
C)  kin selection is not implicated. 
D)  males develop from unfertilized eggs. 
E)  All of the choices are correct. 
A)  siblings are more genetically related than an individual's own offspring. 
B)  males have one set of chromosomes. 
C)  kin selection is not implicated. 
D)  males develop from unfertilized eggs. 
E)  All of the choices are correct.

Question 7

Secondary sexual characteristics are often considered a handicap because of increased

Accepted Answer

A)  predation. 
B)  competition. 
C)  parasitism. 
D)  infertility. 
E)  All of the choices are correct. 
A)  predation. 
B)  competition. 
C)  parasitism. 
D)  infertility. 
E)  All of the choices are correct.

Question 8

Which of the following terms cannot be used to describe the African green Woodhoopoes?

Accepted Answer

A)  inclusive fitness 
B)  monogamous 
C)  kin selection 
D)  philopatry 
E)  None of the choices are correct. 
A)  inclusive fitness 
B)  monogamous 
C)  kin selection 
D)  philopatry 
E)  None of the choices are correct.

Question 9

Male guppies found in populations exposed to few predators are typically

Accepted Answer

A)  highly camouflaged. 
B)  the same color as guppies found with many predators. 
C)  seen mating with brightly colored females. 
D)  brightly colored. 
E)  None of the choices are correct. 
A)  highly camouflaged. 
B)  the same color as guppies found with many predators. 
C)  seen mating with brightly colored females. 
D)  brightly colored. 
E)  None of the choices are correct.

Question 10

In which situation will a male lion have the greatest potential for mating?

Accepted Answer

A)  single male 
B)  coalition of four unrelated males 
C)  coalition of two unrelated males 
D)  coalition of eight unrelated males 
E)  the chance of male lions mating is always the same 
A)  single male 
B)  coalition of four unrelated males 
C)  coalition of two unrelated males 
D)  coalition of eight unrelated males 
E)  the chance of male lions mating is always the same

Question 11

How is the organization of a leaf cutter ant colony and a colony of naked mole rats similar?

Accepted Answer

A)  individuals are divided among castes 
B)  one female and a few males breed 
C)  large workers specialize in defense 
D)  individuals share a high degree of relatedness 
E)  All of the choices are correct. 
A)  individuals are divided among castes 
B)  one female and a few males breed 
C)  large workers specialize in defense 
D)  individuals share a high degree of relatedness 
E)  All of the choices are correct.

Question 12

Thornhill's research on mate selection among scorpionflies (Panorpa latipennis) indicates that male ____________ translates into successful mating opportunities.

Accepted Answer

A)  body size 
B)  aggressiveness 
C)  nuptial offering 
D)  both body size and aggressiveness 
E)  both body size, aggressiveness, and nuptial offering 
A)  body size 
B)  aggressiveness 
C)  nuptial offering 
D)  both body size and aggressiveness 
E)  both body size, aggressiveness, and nuptial offering

Question 13

Endler's research on the male guppy (Poecilia reticulate) color indicates that male colorfulness is determined by

Accepted Answer

A)  both predation and sexual selection by females. 
B)  intrasexual competition. 
C)  sexual selection by females. 
D)  both predation and intrasexual competition. 
E)  predation. 
A)  both predation and sexual selection by females. 
B)  intrasexual competition. 
C)  sexual selection by females. 
D)  both predation and intrasexual competition. 
E)  predation.

Question 14

Male scorpionflies use which of the following as nuptial offerings?

Accepted Answer

A)  bower constructed from leaves and twigs 
B)  dead arthropods 
C)  decomposing berries 
D)  fecal mass 
E)  both dead arthropods and fecal mass 
A)  bower constructed from leaves and twigs 
B)  dead arthropods 
C)  decomposing berries 
D)  fecal mass 
E)  both dead arthropods and fecal mass

Question 15

Which of the following statements concerning lion cooperative living is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Larger coalitions are composed of unrelated males. 
B)  Prides are composed of closely related females. 
C)  First and second ranked males sire the majority of cubs. 
D)  Males taking over a pride will practice infanticide. 
E)  Female lions nurse each other's cubs. 
A)  Larger coalitions are composed of unrelated males. 
B)  Prides are composed of closely related females. 
C)  First and second ranked males sire the majority of cubs. 
D)  Males taking over a pride will practice infanticide. 
E)  Female lions nurse each other's cubs.

Question 16

Guppies live in the streams and rivers of Trinidad and Tobago. The abundance of predaceous fish is highly variable from the stream headwaters to the lowland rivers. This variation in the abundance of predaceous fish results in variation in male guppy _____________ from the stream headwaters to the lowland rivers.

Accepted Answer

A)  mate selection 
B)  coloration 
C)  food selection 
D)  both mate selection and coloration 
E)  both mate selection and food selection 
A)  mate selection 
B)  coloration 
C)  food selection 
D)  both mate selection and coloration 
E)  both mate selection and food selection

Question 17

The difference between a male and a female rests largely on

Accepted Answer

A)  anatomical differences. 
B)  secondary sexual characteristics. 
C)  size and energetic cost of gametes. 
D)  presence or absence of a Y chromosome. 
E)  All of the choices are correct. 
A)  anatomical differences. 
B)  secondary sexual characteristics. 
C)  size and energetic cost of gametes. 
D)  presence or absence of a Y chromosome. 
E)  All of the choices are correct.

Question 18

An instance of ______________ occurs when the plumage of male birds becomes increasingly brighter over time.

Accepted Answer

A)  contrasexual selection 
B)  intrasexual selection 
C)  intersexual selection 
D)  multisexual selection 
E)  dimorphic selection 
A)  contrasexual selection 
B)  intrasexual selection 
C)  intersexual selection 
D)  multisexual selection 
E)  dimorphic selection

Question 19

Some animals are born as hermaphrodites, but unlike hermaphroditic plants, which can successfully self-pollinate, animal hermaphrodites are sterile.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

The number of offspring contributed by an individual to future generations defines an organism's

Accepted Answer

A)  virility. 
B)  heritability. 
C)  fitness. 
D)  vigor. 
E)  sustainability. 
A)  virility. 
B)  heritability. 
C)  fitness. 
D)  vigor. 
E)  sustainability.

Exam 8: Socail Relations

What is not included in the defining characteristics of eusociality?

Diane Marshall's evidence for nonrandom mating by pollen donors came from variation among donors in

Some species of animals can switch genders.

Adult green woodhoopoes will stay close to their natal territories and help raise the young of close relatives, rather than dispersing to produce their own young, because

Fitness is defined as the

When investigating haplodiploidy, all of the following statements were found to be true except:

Secondary sexual characteristics are often considered a handicap because of increased

Which of the following terms cannot be used to describe the African green Woodhoopoes?

Male guppies found in populations exposed to few predators are typically

In which situation will a male lion have the greatest potential for mating?

How is the organization of a leaf cutter ant colony and a colony of naked mole rats similar?

Thornhill's research on mate selection among scorpionflies (Panorpa latipennis) indicates that male ____________ translates into successful mating opportunities.

Endler's research on the male guppy (Poecilia reticulate) color indicates that male colorfulness is determined by

Male scorpionflies use which of the following as nuptial offerings?

Which of the following statements concerning lion cooperative living is false?

The difference between a male and a female rests largely on

An instance of ______________ occurs when the plumage of male birds becomes increasingly brighter over time.

Some animals are born as hermaphrodites, but unlike hermaphroditic plants, which can successfully self-pollinate, animal hermaphrodites are sterile.

The number of offspring contributed by an individual to future generations defines an organism's

Introduction to Ecology Historical Foundations and Developing Frontiers

Life on Land

Life in Water

Population Genetics and Natural Selection

Temperature Relations

Water Relations

Energy and Nutrient Relations

Population Distribution and Abundance

Population Dynamics

Population Growth

Life Histories

Competition

Exploitative Interactions Predation, Herbivory, Parasitism, and Disease

Mutualism

Species Abundance and Diversity

Species Interactions and Community Structure

Primary Production and Energy Flow

Nutrient Cycling and Retention

Succession and Stability

Landscape Ecology

Geographic Ecology

Global Ecology

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