Question 1

The equilibrium model of island biogeography predicts

Accepted Answer

A)  the rate of extinction is greater for small islands. 
B)  the rate of extinction is greater for large islands. 
C)  the rate of immigration is greater for near islands. 
D)  the rate of immigration is greater for far islands. 
E)  both the rate of extinction is greater for small islands and the rate of immigration is greater for near islands. 
A)  the rate of extinction is greater for small islands. 
B)  the rate of extinction is greater for large islands. 
C)  the rate of immigration is greater for near islands. 
D)  the rate of immigration is greater for far islands. 
E)  both the rate of extinction is greater for small islands and the rate of immigration is greater for near islands. E

Question 2

The network of satellites allowing a handheld receiver to determine latitude, longitude, and altitude is known as a ______________.

Accepted Answer

global positioning system

Question 3

MacArthur and Wilson found as distance from New Guinea _______ the number of bird species on Pacific Islands ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  increases, decreases 
B)  increases, increases 
C)  decreases, decreases 
D)  increases, remains constant 
E)  Distance from New Guinea has no affect on the number of bird species. 
A)  increases, decreases 
B)  increases, increases 
C)  decreases, decreases 
D)  increases, remains constant 
E)  Distance from New Guinea has no affect on the number of bird species. A

Question 4

Diversity tends to increase with productivity, both in surveys across habitats and in experimental manipulations within habitats.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

The largest fraction of land area on Earth is found in the

Accepted Answer

A)  tropics. 
B)  temperate zone. 
C)  boreal forests. 
D)  tundra. 
E)  Southern hemisphere. 
A)  tropics. 
B)  temperate zone. 
C)  boreal forests. 
D)  tundra. 
E)  Southern hemisphere.

Question 6

A well-known exception to the usual dependency of diversity on latitude is the ___________ wasps.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A well-known exception to the usual dependency...

Question 7

The equilibrium model of island biogeography predicts that, once equilibrium is reached, an island will be occupied

Accepted Answer

A)  by an unchanging set of species as extinctions and immigrations stop. 
B)  by an unchanging number of species, but extinctions and immigrations will continue. 
C)  by a steadily increasing number of species. 
D)  by a steadily decreasing number of species. 
E)  only by species that evolved on that island. 
A)  by an unchanging set of species as extinctions and immigrations stop. 
B)  by an unchanging number of species, but extinctions and immigrations will continue. 
C)  by a steadily increasing number of species. 
D)  by a steadily decreasing number of species. 
E)  only by species that evolved on that island.

Question 8

A positive relationship between area and species diversity is commonly observed for

Accepted Answer

A)  oceanic islands. 
B)  lakes. 
C)  wooded mountaintops in the American Southwest. 
D)  All of the choices are correct. 
E)  None of the choices are correct. 
A)  oceanic islands. 
B)  lakes. 
C)  wooded mountaintops in the American Southwest. 
D)  All of the choices are correct. 
E)  None of the choices are correct.

Question 9

A 100-year record of the colonization of Swedish islands by plants shows

Accepted Answer

A)  a diversity-area relationship becoming evident only after many years of colonization. 
B)  a diversity-area relationship established early in colonization, but disappearing as smaller islands "caught up." 
C)  diversity increasing to equilibrium on large islands, but equilibrium not yet reached on smaller ones. 
D)  diversity increasing to equilibrium on small islands, but not on large ones. 
E)  diversity increasing rapidly to equilibrium on all islands. 
A)  a diversity-area relationship becoming evident only after many years of colonization. 
B)  a diversity-area relationship established early in colonization, but disappearing as smaller islands "caught up." 
C)  diversity increasing to equilibrium on large islands, but equilibrium not yet reached on smaller ones. 
D)  diversity increasing to equilibrium on small islands, but not on large ones. 
E)  diversity increasing rapidly to equilibrium on all islands.

Question 10

The negative correlation between foliage height diversity and bird species diversity in South American beech forests is attributed to

Accepted Answer

A)  small area. 
B)  isolation. 
C)  cold temperatures. 
D)  both small area and cold temperatures. 
E)  both small area and isolation. 
A)  small area. 
B)  isolation. 
C)  cold temperatures. 
D)  both small area and cold temperatures. 
E)  both small area and isolation.

Question 11

The number of montane mammal species ________ as the ______ of available habitat increases in the mountain ranges of the American Southwest.

Accepted Answer

A)  increases, isolation 
B)  decreases, area 
C)  remains constant, area 
D)  increases, area 
E)  remains constant, isolation 
A)  increases, isolation 
B)  decreases, area 
C)  remains constant, area 
D)  increases, area 
E)  remains constant, isolation

Question 12

Mean annual temperature

Accepted Answer

A)  is highest at the equator but decreases steadily above 10F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 latitude on either side of the equator. 
B)  is highest at the equator but decreases exponentially above 10F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 latitude on either side of the equator. 
C)  is highest at the equator but decreases exponentially above 50F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 latitude on either side of the equator. 
D)  is highest at the equator but decreases linearly above 25F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 latitude on either side of the equator. 
E)  is highest at the equator but decreases exponentially above 25F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 latitude on either side of the equator. 
A)  is highest at the equator but decreases steadily above 10F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 latitude on either side of the equator. 
B)  is highest at the equator but decreases exponentially above 10F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 latitude on either side of the equator. 
C)  is highest at the equator but decreases exponentially above 50F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 latitude on either side of the equator. 
D)  is highest at the equator but decreases linearly above 25F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 latitude on either side of the equator. 
E)  is highest at the equator but decreases exponentially above 25F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 latitude on either side of the equator.

Question 13

The scientific exploration of the New World by Alexander van Humboldt and Aimé Bonpland

Accepted Answer

A)  was limited to several coastal sites in modern day Ecuador. 
B)  was limited to low elevation sites along the western coast of modern day Mexico. 
C)  recorded altitudinal distributions of plants and animals. 
D)  reached elevations as high as 3,000 m on the slopes of Chimborazo. 
E)  both covered latitudes ranging from 12F1F1F1S1F1F1F10S to 52F1F1F1S1F1F1F10N and reached elevations as high as 3,000 m on the slopes of Chimborazo. 
A)  was limited to several coastal sites in modern day Ecuador. 
B)  was limited to low elevation sites along the western coast of modern day Mexico. 
C)  recorded altitudinal distributions of plants and animals. 
D)  reached elevations as high as 3,000 m on the slopes of Chimborazo. 
E)  both covered latitudes ranging from 12F1F1F1S1F1F1F10S to 52F1F1F1S1F1F1F10N and reached elevations as high as 3,000 m on the slopes of Chimborazo.

Question 14

Which of the following is not a hypothesis proposed by ecologists to explain increased species diversity in the tropics?

Accepted Answer

A)  increased time since perturbation in the tropics over temperate regions 
B)  increased productivity in the tropics over temperate regions 
C)  increased environmental homogeneity in the tropics over temperate regions 
D)  increased favorable environments in the tropics over temperate regions 
E)  increased speciation rates and decreased extinction rates in the tropics over temperate regions 
A)  increased time since perturbation in the tropics over temperate regions 
B)  increased productivity in the tropics over temperate regions 
C)  increased environmental homogeneity in the tropics over temperate regions 
D)  increased favorable environments in the tropics over temperate regions 
E)  increased speciation rates and decreased extinction rates in the tropics over temperate regions

Question 15

Birds on oceanic islands have highest diversity on

Accepted Answer

A)  large islands close to the mainland. 
B)  large islands far from the mainland. 
C)  small islands close to the mainland. 
D)  small islands far from the mainland. 
E)  small islands of recent geologic origin. 
A)  large islands close to the mainland. 
B)  large islands far from the mainland. 
C)  small islands close to the mainland. 
D)  small islands far from the mainland. 
E)  small islands of recent geologic origin.

Question 16

The equilibrium model of island biogeography explains diversity on islands as a balance between

Accepted Answer

A)  speciation and extinction. 
B)  immigration and extinction. 
C)  speciation and emigration. 
D)  immigration and emigration. 
E)  speciation and immigration. 
A)  speciation and extinction. 
B)  immigration and extinction. 
C)  speciation and emigration. 
D)  immigration and emigration. 
E)  speciation and immigration.

Question 17

Daniel Simberloff studied recolonization by

Accepted Answer

A)  birds on California islands after defaunation by storms. 
B)  birds on California islands after defaunation by experimental fumigation. 
C)  arthropods on Florida mangrove islands after defaunation by storms. 
D)  arthropods on Florida mangrove islands after defaunation by experimental fumigation. 
E)  small mammals on desert mountaintops after defaunation by climate change. 
A)  birds on California islands after defaunation by storms. 
B)  birds on California islands after defaunation by experimental fumigation. 
C)  arthropods on Florida mangrove islands after defaunation by storms. 
D)  arthropods on Florida mangrove islands after defaunation by experimental fumigation. 
E)  small mammals on desert mountaintops after defaunation by climate change.

Question 18

Computer software programs for storing, analyzing, and displaying geographically-structured data are known as _______________.

Accepted Answer

geographic

Question 19

Which of the following correctly explains the relationship between number of bird species and the area of islands in the West Indies?

Accepted Answer

A)  Smaller islands support the fewest number of bird species. 
B)  Larger islands support the fewest number of bird species. 
C)  Intermediate sized islands support the greatest number of bird species. 
D)  Intermediate sized islands support the fewest number of bird species. 
E)  Island area has no affect on the number of bird species. 
A)  Smaller islands support the fewest number of bird species. 
B)  Larger islands support the fewest number of bird species. 
C)  Intermediate sized islands support the greatest number of bird species. 
D)  Intermediate sized islands support the fewest number of bird species. 
E)  Island area has no affect on the number of bird species.

Question 20

Remote sensing of chlorophyll a concentrations in the Earth's oceans has revealed that marine plankton biomass is

Accepted Answer

A)  nearly homogenous over huge expanses of ocean. 
B)  highest in the open ocean. 
C)  highest in the warmest waters. 
D)  highest in the deepest waters. 
E)  highest in cooler, upwelling areas near shore. 
A)  nearly homogenous over huge expanses of ocean. 
B)  highest in the open ocean. 
C)  highest in the warmest waters. 
D)  highest in the deepest waters. 
E)  highest in cooler, upwelling areas near shore.

Exam 22: Geographic Ecology

The equilibrium model of island biogeography predicts

The network of satellites allowing a handheld receiver to determine latitude, longitude, and altitude is known as a ______________.

MacArthur and Wilson found as distance from New Guinea _______ the number of bird species on Pacific Islands ________.

Diversity tends to increase with productivity, both in surveys across habitats and in experimental manipulations within habitats.

The largest fraction of land area on Earth is found in the

A well-known exception to the usual dependency of diversity on latitude is the ___________ wasps.

The equilibrium model of island biogeography predicts that, once equilibrium is reached, an island will be occupied

A positive relationship between area and species diversity is commonly observed for

A 100-year record of the colonization of Swedish islands by plants shows

The negative correlation between foliage height diversity and bird species diversity in South American beech forests is attributed to

The number of montane mammal species ________ as the ______ of available habitat increases in the mountain ranges of the American Southwest.

Mean annual temperature

The scientific exploration of the New World by Alexander van Humboldt and Aimé Bonpland

Which of the following is not a hypothesis proposed by ecologists to explain increased species diversity in the tropics?

Birds on oceanic islands have highest diversity on

The equilibrium model of island biogeography explains diversity on islands as a balance between

Daniel Simberloff studied recolonization by

Computer software programs for storing, analyzing, and displaying geographically-structured data are known as _______________.

Which of the following correctly explains the relationship between number of bird species and the area of islands in the West Indies?

Remote sensing of chlorophyll a concentrations in the Earth's oceans has revealed that marine plankton biomass is

Introduction to Ecology Historical Foundations and Developing Frontiers

Life on Land

Life in Water

Population Genetics and Natural Selection

Temperature Relations

Water Relations

Energy and Nutrient Relations

Socail Relations

Population Distribution and Abundance

Population Dynamics

Population Growth

Life Histories

Competition

Exploitative Interactions Predation, Herbivory, Parasitism, and Disease

Mutualism

Species Abundance and Diversity

Species Interactions and Community Structure

Primary Production and Energy Flow

Nutrient Cycling and Retention

Succession and Stability

Landscape Ecology

Global Ecology

Filters

MacArthur and Wilson found as distance from New Guinea _ the number of bird species on Pacific Islands __.

The number of montane mammal species __ as the of available habitat increases in the mountain ranges of the American Southwest.