Question 1

A normal distribution is assumed for which of the following statistical tests?

Accepted Answer

A)  Student's t-test 
B)  95% confidence intervals 
C)  regression analysis 
D)  All of the choices are correct. 
E)  both Student's t-test and 95% confidence intervals 
A)  Student's t-test 
B)  95% confidence intervals 
C)  regression analysis 
D)  All of the choices are correct. 
E)  both Student's t-test and 95% confidence intervals D

Question 2

_____________ is the movement of nutrients between pools of an ecosystem and influences the distribution of nutrients.

Accepted Answer

A)  Nutrient shedding 
B)  Nutrient cruising 
C)  Nutrient source 
D)  Nutrient sink 
E)  Nutrient flux 
A)  Nutrient shedding 
B)  Nutrient cruising 
C)  Nutrient source 
D)  Nutrient sink 
E)  Nutrient flux E

Question 3

Pocket gophers change the nitrogen cycle in prairies because they

Accepted Answer

A)  excavate nitrogen-rich subsoil to the surface. 
B)  selectively remove nitrogen-fixing legumes from plant communities. 
C)  bury nitrogen-rich organic material in their burrows. 
D)  cultivate nitrogen-fixing bacteria in burrow chambers. 
E)  excavate nitrogen-poor subsoil to the surface. 
A)  excavate nitrogen-rich subsoil to the surface. 
B)  selectively remove nitrogen-fixing legumes from plant communities. 
C)  bury nitrogen-rich organic material in their burrows. 
D)  cultivate nitrogen-fixing bacteria in burrow chambers. 
E)  excavate nitrogen-poor subsoil to the surface. E

Question 4

The release of nutrients from organic material in inorganic form is called _____________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The release of nutrients from organic material...

Question 5

"Nitrogen fixation" refers to the conversion of
Rev: 12_06_2013_QC_42091

Accepted Answer

A)  carbon compounds to nitrogen compounds. 
B)  nitrogen gas (N2) to ammonia (NH3). 
C)  ammonia (NH3) to nitrogen gas (N2). 
D)  ammonium (NH4+) to nitrate (NO3-). 
E)  ammonium (NH4+) to nitrite (NO2-). 
A)  carbon compounds to nitrogen compounds. 
B)  nitrogen gas (N2) to ammonia (NH3). 
C)  ammonia (NH3) to nitrogen gas (N2). 
D)  ammonium (NH4+) to nitrate (NO3-). 
E)  ammonium (NH4+) to nitrite (NO2-).

Question 6

Nitrogen fixation is an energy-demanding process because of the strong _____ bond between the two nitrogen atoms in the N2 molecule.

Accepted Answer

A)  single covalent 
B)  double covalent 
C)  triple covalent 
D)  ionic 
E)  hydrogen 
A)  single covalent 
B)  double covalent 
C)  triple covalent 
D)  ionic 
E)  hydrogen

Question 7

The major pool of nitrogen in the atmosphere is the direct source of nitrogen for most organisms.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

In aquatic ecosystems, the major agents of decomposition are

Accepted Answer

A)  aquatic fungi. 
B)  bacteria. 
C)  algae. 
D)  detritivorous fish. 
E)  piscivorous fish. 
A)  aquatic fungi. 
B)  bacteria. 
C)  algae. 
D)  detritivorous fish. 
E)  piscivorous fish.

Question 9

In stream ecosystems, nutrient retentiveness is

Accepted Answer

A)  not related to spiraling length. 
B)  positively related to spiraling length. 
C)  inversely related to spiraling length. 
D)  a logarithmic function of spiraling length. 
E)  a power function of spiraling length. 
A)  not related to spiraling length. 
B)  positively related to spiraling length. 
C)  inversely related to spiraling length. 
D)  a logarithmic function of spiraling length. 
E)  a power function of spiraling length.

Question 10

Fungi and bacteria release nitrogen stored in dead tissue through a decomposition process called

Accepted Answer

A)  nitrogen fixation. 
B)  ammonification. 
C)  denitrification. 
D)  nitrification. 
E)  nitrogen assimilation. 
A)  nitrogen fixation. 
B)  ammonification. 
C)  denitrification. 
D)  nitrification. 
E)  nitrogen assimilation.

Question 11

In aquatic ecosystems, leaves with high lignin content decompose

Accepted Answer

A)  rapidly because lignin is a nutrient-rich compound. 
B)  rapidly because lignin enhances colonization by decomposing fungi. 
C)  slowly because lignin reduces colonization by decomposing fungi. 
D)  slowly because lignin is a carbon-poor compound. 
E)  slowly because lignin-containing leaves sink rapidly. 
A)  rapidly because lignin is a nutrient-rich compound. 
B)  rapidly because lignin enhances colonization by decomposing fungi. 
C)  slowly because lignin reduces colonization by decomposing fungi. 
D)  slowly because lignin is a carbon-poor compound. 
E)  slowly because lignin-containing leaves sink rapidly.

Question 12

Which of the following are nitrogen fixing organisms?

Accepted Answer

A)  cyanobacteria 
B)  leguminous plants 
C)  alders 
D)  All of the choices are correct. 
E)  both cyanobacteria and leguminous plants 
A)  cyanobacteria 
B)  leguminous plants 
C)  alders 
D)  All of the choices are correct. 
E)  both cyanobacteria and leguminous plants

Question 13

A major perturbation of the carbon cycle by human activity is associated with

Accepted Answer

A)  release of carbon from carbonate rocks. 
B)  release of carbon from fossil fuel deposits. 
C)  removal of carbon from the atmosphere in the industrial production of fertilizers. 
D)  accelerated removal of carbon from the atmosphere by forests. 
E)  respiratory production of CO2 by the large human population. 
A)  release of carbon from carbonate rocks. 
B)  release of carbon from fossil fuel deposits. 
C)  removal of carbon from the atmosphere in the industrial production of fertilizers. 
D)  accelerated removal of carbon from the atmosphere by forests. 
E)  respiratory production of CO2 by the large human population.

Question 14

Likens and Bormann found that over 90% of the nutrients in the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest were in the soil organic matter.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

The end product of biological nitrogen fixation is

Accepted Answer

A)  N2. 
B)  NO3-. 
C)  NO2-. 
D)  NH3. 
E)  None of the choices are correct. 
A)  N2. 
B)  NO3-. 
C)  NO2-. 
D)  NH3. 
E)  None of the choices are correct.

Question 16

Clearcutting at Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest sharply

Accepted Answer

A)  increased export of nitrate (NO3-) in stream water. 
B)  decreased export of nitrate (NO3-) in stream water. 
C)  increased rates of denitrification in soils. 
D)  decreased deposition of ammonia (NH3) from the atmosphere. 
E)  increased deposition of ammonia (NH3) from the atmosphere. 
A)  increased export of nitrate (NO3-) in stream water. 
B)  decreased export of nitrate (NO3-) in stream water. 
C)  increased rates of denitrification in soils. 
D)  decreased deposition of ammonia (NH3) from the atmosphere. 
E)  increased deposition of ammonia (NH3) from the atmosphere.

Question 17

Streams with higher densities of stream invertebrates would be expected to have shorter spiraling lengths.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

________________ is the process of increased nutrient inputs into an ecosystem resulting in increased primary productivity and reduced biodiversity.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ________________ is the process of increased nutrient...

Question 19

The rate of decomposition of leaf litter in woodlands can be strongly influenced by

Accepted Answer

A)  moisture. 
B)  nitrogen content. 
C)  leaf toughness. 
D)  All of the choices are correct. 
E)  None of the choices are correct. 
A)  moisture. 
B)  nitrogen content. 
C)  leaf toughness. 
D)  All of the choices are correct. 
E)  None of the choices are correct.

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT an assumption of the t-test?

Accepted Answer

A)  Each sample is drawn from a population with a normal distribution. 
B)  The two populations being compared have equal variances. 
C)  The two populations being compared have equal means. 
D)  All of each sample is drawn from a population with a normal distribution, the two populations being compared have equal variances, and the two populations being compared have equal means are assumptions. 
E)  None of each sample is drawn from a population with a normal distribution, the two populations being compared have equal variances, and the two populations being compared have equal means are assumptions. 
A)  Each sample is drawn from a population with a normal distribution. 
B)  The two populations being compared have equal variances. 
C)  The two populations being compared have equal means. 
D)  All of each sample is drawn from a population with a normal distribution, the two populations being compared have equal variances, and the two populations being compared have equal means are assumptions. 
E)  None of each sample is drawn from a population with a normal distribution, the two populations being compared have equal variances, and the two populations being compared have equal means are assumptions.

Exam 19: Nutrient Cycling and Retention

A normal distribution is assumed for which of the following statistical tests?

_____________ is the movement of nutrients between pools of an ecosystem and influences the distribution of nutrients.

Pocket gophers change the nitrogen cycle in prairies because they

The release of nutrients from organic material in inorganic form is called _____________.

"Nitrogen fixation" refers to the conversion of Rev: 12_06_2013_QC_42091

Nitrogen fixation is an energy-demanding process because of the strong _____ bond between the two nitrogen atoms in the N2 molecule.

The major pool of nitrogen in the atmosphere is the direct source of nitrogen for most organisms.

In aquatic ecosystems, the major agents of decomposition are

In stream ecosystems, nutrient retentiveness is

Fungi and bacteria release nitrogen stored in dead tissue through a decomposition process called

In aquatic ecosystems, leaves with high lignin content decompose

Which of the following are nitrogen fixing organisms?

A major perturbation of the carbon cycle by human activity is associated with

Likens and Bormann found that over 90% of the nutrients in the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest were in the soil organic matter.

The end product of biological nitrogen fixation is

Clearcutting at Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest sharply

Streams with higher densities of stream invertebrates would be expected to have shorter spiraling lengths.

________________ is the process of increased nutrient inputs into an ecosystem resulting in increased primary productivity and reduced biodiversity.

The rate of decomposition of leaf litter in woodlands can be strongly influenced by

Which of the following is NOT an assumption of the t-test?

Introduction to Ecology Historical Foundations and Developing Frontiers

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Life in Water

Population Genetics and Natural Selection

Temperature Relations

Water Relations

Energy and Nutrient Relations

Socail Relations

Population Distribution and Abundance

Population Dynamics

Population Growth

Life Histories

Competition

Exploitative Interactions Predation, Herbivory, Parasitism, and Disease

Mutualism

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Nitrogen fixation is an energy-demanding process because of the strong _____ bond between the two nitrogen atoms in the N₂ molecule.