Question 1

Animals with antagonistic behaviors will most likely be distributed in a ________________ pattern.

Accepted Answer

regular

Question 2

Research on North American bird populations have indicated that populations are _____________, distributed on a __________________ scale.

Accepted Answer

A)  clumped; small 
B)  random; small 
C)  regular; small 
D)  regular; large 
E)  clumped; large 
A)  clumped; small 
B)  random; small 
C)  regular; small 
D)  regular; large 
E)  clumped; large E

Question 3

'Rarity II' can be described as

Accepted Answer

A)  restricted range, narrow habitat tolerances, and small local populations. 
B)  restricted range, broad habitat tolerances, and large local populations. 
C)  extensive range, narrow habitat tolerances, and large local populations. 
D)  restricted range, broad habitat tolerances, and small local populations. 
E)  extensive range, broad habitat tolerances, and small local populations. 
A)  restricted range, narrow habitat tolerances, and small local populations. 
B)  restricted range, broad habitat tolerances, and large local populations. 
C)  extensive range, narrow habitat tolerances, and large local populations. 
D)  restricted range, broad habitat tolerances, and small local populations. 
E)  extensive range, broad habitat tolerances, and small local populations. C

Question 4

'Extreme Rarity' can be described as

Accepted Answer

A)  restricted range, narrow habitat tolerances, and small local populations. 
B)  restricted range, broad habitat tolerances, and large local populations. 
C)  extensive range, narrow habitat tolerances, and large local populations. 
D)  restricted range, broad habitat tolerances, and small local populations. 
E)  extensive range, broad habitat tolerances, and small local populations. 
A)  restricted range, narrow habitat tolerances, and small local populations. 
B)  restricted range, broad habitat tolerances, and large local populations. 
C)  extensive range, narrow habitat tolerances, and large local populations. 
D)  restricted range, broad habitat tolerances, and small local populations. 
E)  extensive range, broad habitat tolerances, and small local populations.

Question 5

Caughly's research on the distribution of three different species of Australian kangaroos (Macropus giganteus, M. fuliginosus, and M. rufus) suggests the

Accepted Answer

A)  physical environment limits the distribution of the kangaroos. 
B)  topography limits the distribution of the kangaroos. 
C)  amount of rainfall limits the distribution of the kangaroos. 
D)  temperature limits the distribution of the kangaroos. 
E)  None of the choices are correct. 
A)  physical environment limits the distribution of the kangaroos. 
B)  topography limits the distribution of the kangaroos. 
C)  amount of rainfall limits the distribution of the kangaroos. 
D)  temperature limits the distribution of the kangaroos. 
E)  None of the choices are correct.

Question 6

Whittaker's research on North American tree distribution examined ____________ gradients and concluded that the tree distribution was __________________.

Accepted Answer

A)  temperature; random 
B)  temperature; clumped 
C)  moisture; clumped 
D)  moisture; random 
E)  soil; random 
A)  temperature; random 
B)  temperature; clumped 
C)  moisture; clumped 
D)  moisture; random 
E)  soil; random

Question 7

In a _____________ distribution, individuals have a much higher probability of being found in some than in others.

Accepted Answer

A)  regular 
B)  clumped 
C)  uniform 
D)  random 
E)  partitioned 
A)  regular 
B)  clumped 
C)  uniform 
D)  random 
E)  partitioned

Question 8

Ehleringer and Clark found that variation in leaf pubescence among plants of the genus Encelia appears to correspond to the distribution of these species along a ____________ gradient from the California coast eastward.

Accepted Answer

A)  light intensity 
B)  moisture 
C)  temperature 
D)  both light intensity and moisture 
E)  both moisture and temperature 
A)  light intensity 
B)  moisture 
C)  temperature 
D)  both light intensity and moisture 
E)  both moisture and temperature

Question 9

In order to determine whether a species is common or rare, ecologists use all of the following criteria except:

Accepted Answer

A)  habitat tolerance. 
B)  evolutionary existence. 
C)  geographical range. 
D)  local population size. 
E)  None of the choices are correct. 
A)  habitat tolerance. 
B)  evolutionary existence. 
C)  geographical range. 
D)  local population size. 
E)  None of the choices are correct.

Question 10

According to the results of Philips and MacMahon, which of the following relationships of variance to mean shrub density would be expected for young creosote bushes?

Accepted Answer

A) variance=mean B) variance>mean C) variancemean C) variance

Question 11

Which of the following are characteristics of a population?

Accepted Answer

A)  consists of a single species 
B)  has an age distribution 
C)  has a birth rate 
D)  has an emigration rate 
E)  All of the choices are correct. 
A)  consists of a single species 
B)  has an age distribution 
C)  has a birth rate 
D)  has an emigration rate 
E)  All of the choices are correct.

Question 12

Cornell studied the distribution of barnacles Chthamalus stellatus and Balanus balaoides along the coast of Scotland and indicated that, along with the physiology of each barnacle, ______________ also played a large role in their distribution pattern.

Accepted Answer

A)  topography 
B)  competition 
C)  salinity 
D)  predation 
E)  temperature 
A)  topography 
B)  competition 
C)  salinity 
D)  predation 
E)  temperature

Question 13

The creosote bush (Larrea tridentate) can have a random, clumped, or regular distribution pattern.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

The __________ defines the physical conditions under which a species might live, in the absence of interaction with other species.

Accepted Answer

A)  functional niche 
B)  realized niche 
C)  principle niche 
D)  fundamental niche 
E)  primary niche 
A)  functional niche 
B)  realized niche 
C)  principle niche 
D)  fundamental niche 
E)  primary niche

Question 15

The rarest animal is the _______________________ and the rarest plant is the _______________.

Accepted Answer

A)  Northern spotted owl; Pacific Yew 
B)  Siberian tiger; Asplenium septrionale 
C)  Tasmanian devil; Welwitschia 
D)  Mountain gorilla; Prichardia Monroe 
E)  Mountain gorilla; Asplenium septrionale 
A)  Northern spotted owl; Pacific Yew 
B)  Siberian tiger; Asplenium septrionale 
C)  Tasmanian devil; Welwitschia 
D)  Mountain gorilla; Prichardia Monroe 
E)  Mountain gorilla; Asplenium septrionale

Question 16

Research by Hubble and Johnson showed that aggressive social interactions among stingless bees in the tropical dry forests of Costa Rica can produce and enforce a clumped distribution.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

In general, research indicates that as the average body mass of an organism increases, population density also increases.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Density is defined as

Accepted Answer

A)  the number of individuals within a population. 
B)  abundance. 
C)  the number of individuals per unit area. 
D)  the distribution of individuals within a given area. 
E)  None of the choices are correct. 
A)  the number of individuals within a population. 
B)  abundance. 
C)  the number of individuals per unit area. 
D)  the distribution of individuals within a given area. 
E)  None of the choices are correct.

Question 19

Which of the following word pairs are mismatched?

Accepted Answer

A)  random distribution; aggressive interaction 
B)  clumped distribution; attraction to a common source 
C)  regular distribution; antagonistic behaviors 
D)  large scale distribution; substantial environmental changes 
E)  small scale distribution; insignificant environmental changes 
A)  random distribution; aggressive interaction 
B)  clumped distribution; attraction to a common source 
C)  regular distribution; antagonistic behaviors 
D)  large scale distribution; substantial environmental changes 
E)  small scale distribution; insignificant environmental changes

Question 20

Donald Phillips and James MacMahon showed that the distribution pattern of creosote bush, Larrea tridentata, changes in the following sequence as they grow:

Accepted Answer

A)  clumped, regular, random 
B)  regular, random, clumped 
C)  random, regular, clumped 
D)  random, clumped, regular 
E)  clumped, random, regular 
A)  clumped, regular, random 
B)  regular, random, clumped 
C)  random, regular, clumped 
D)  random, clumped, regular 
E)  clumped, random, regular

Exam 9: Population Distribution and Abundance

Animals with antagonistic behaviors will most likely be distributed in a ________________ pattern.

Research on North American bird populations have indicated that populations are _____________, distributed on a __________________ scale.

'Rarity II' can be described as

'Extreme Rarity' can be described as

Caughly's research on the distribution of three different species of Australian kangaroos (Macropus giganteus, M. fuliginosus, and M. rufus) suggests the

Whittaker's research on North American tree distribution examined ____________ gradients and concluded that the tree distribution was __________________.

In a _____________ distribution, individuals have a much higher probability of being found in some than in others.

Ehleringer and Clark found that variation in leaf pubescence among plants of the genus Encelia appears to correspond to the distribution of these species along a ____________ gradient from the California coast eastward.

In order to determine whether a species is common or rare, ecologists use all of the following criteria except:

According to the results of Philips and MacMahon, which of the following relationships of variance to mean shrub density would be expected for young creosote bushes?

Which of the following are characteristics of a population?

Cornell studied the distribution of barnacles Chthamalus stellatus and Balanus balaoides along the coast of Scotland and indicated that, along with the physiology of each barnacle, ______________ also played a large role in their distribution pattern.

The creosote bush (Larrea tridentate) can have a random, clumped, or regular distribution pattern.

The __________ defines the physical conditions under which a species might live, in the absence of interaction with other species.

The rarest animal is the _______________________ and the rarest plant is the _______________.

Research by Hubble and Johnson showed that aggressive social interactions among stingless bees in the tropical dry forests of Costa Rica can produce and enforce a clumped distribution.

In general, research indicates that as the average body mass of an organism increases, population density also increases.

Density is defined as

Which of the following word pairs are mismatched?

Donald Phillips and James MacMahon showed that the distribution pattern of creosote bush, Larrea tridentata, changes in the following sequence as they grow:

Introduction to Ecology Historical Foundations and Developing Frontiers

Life on Land

Life in Water

Population Genetics and Natural Selection

Temperature Relations

Water Relations

Energy and Nutrient Relations

Socail Relations

Population Dynamics

Population Growth

Life Histories

Competition

Exploitative Interactions Predation, Herbivory, Parasitism, and Disease

Mutualism

Species Abundance and Diversity

Species Interactions and Community Structure

Primary Production and Energy Flow

Nutrient Cycling and Retention

Succession and Stability

Landscape Ecology

Geographic Ecology

Global Ecology

Filters

Research on North American bird populations have indicated that populations are _, distributed on a ______ scale.

Whittaker's research on North American tree distribution examined gradients and concluded that the tree distribution was ______.

The rarest animal is the _________ and the rarest plant is the _.